JAC Class 10th Civics Democracy and Diversity Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Discuss three factors that determine the outcomes of politics of social divisions.

Question 2.
When does a social difference become a social division?

Question 3.
How do social divisions affect politics? Give two examples.
Answer:
(i) If social division is of such type that people see their identities in singular and exclusive terms, it becomes very difficult to accommodate. For example, as long as people in Ireland saw themselves as only Catholic or Protestant, their differences were difficult to reconcile.

(ii) If social division is of such type that the rulers are willing to share power and accommodate the reasonable demand of minority community social division becomes less threatening. For example, in Belgium, the demands of Dutch and French – speaking people could be accommodated without harming one another and the country

Question 4.
……….. social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions……………. social differences do not usually lead to conflicts.
Answer:
overlapping, crosscutting

Question 5.
In dealing with social divisions which one of the following statements is NOT correct about democracy?
(a) Due to political competition in a democracy, social divisions get reflected in politics.
(b) In a democracy it is possible for communities to voice their grievances in a peaceful manner.
(c) Democracy is the best way to accommodate social diversity.
(d) Democracy always leads to disintegration of society on the basis of social divisions.
Answer:
(d) Democracy always leads to disintegration of society on the basis of social divisions.

Question 6.
Consider the following three statements.
(a) Social divisions take place when social differences overlap.
(b) It is possible that a person can have multiple identities.
(c) Social divisions exist in only big countries like India.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
(a) A, B and C
(b) A and B
(c) B and C
(d) Only C
Answer:
(b) A and B

Question 7.
Arrange the following statements in a logical sequence and select the right answers by using the code given below.
A. But all political expression of social divisions need not be always dangerous.
B. Social divisions of one kind or the other exist in most countries.
C. Parties try to win political support by appealing to social divisions.
D. Some social differences may result in social divisions.
(a) D, B, C, A
(b) D,B,A,C
(c) D, A, C, B
(d) A, B, C, D
Answer:
(a) D, B, C, A

Question 8.
Among the following, which country suffered disintegration due to political fights on the basis of religious and ethnic identities?
(a) Belgium
(b) India
(c) Yugoslavia
(d) Netherlands
Answer:
(c) Yugoslavia

Question 9.
Read the following passage from a famous speech by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1963. Which social division is he talking about? What are his aspirations and anxieties? Do you see a relationship between this speech and the incident in Mexico Olympics mentioned in this chapter?
“I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character. Let freedom ring. And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual ‘Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are Free at last! ’I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed ‘We hold these truths to be self – evident that all men are created equal”.
Answer:
The speech of Martin Luther King Jr in USA is about racial discrimination:

1. He is referring to the segregation policies adopted by the Whites towards the coloured people. Martin Luther is asking for equality and same opportunities for Black a§ the Whites.
2. His aspirations are for his children and citizens of America to live in a country which is truly free of colour and race, religion, gender where everyone is equal. He aspired for a country where there will be security for all.
3. Yes, his speech and the incident at the Mexico Olympics are both parts of a movement to highlight the plight of the African – American people.

JAC Class 10 Social Science Solutions