Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
When was the King Birendra killed in a mysterious massacre of the royal family?
(a) 2000
(b) 2001
(c) 2002
(d) 2003
Answer:
(b) 2001

Question 2.
When did King Gyanendra dismiss the then prime minister and dissolve the Parliament?
(a) In February 2005
(b) In February 2006
(c) In March 2006
(d) In April 2006
Answer:
(a) In February 2005

Question 3.
Against whom the people of Bolivia led a successful struggle?
(a) Limited franchise
(b) Government’s apathy towards public facilities
(c) Privatisation of water
(d) Lack of educational facilities
Answer:
(c) Privatisation of water

Question 4.
Which financial agency/organisation pressurised the government to give up its control of municipal water supply?
(a) International Monetary Fund
(b) World Bank
(c) Central Bank of Bolivia
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) World Bank

Question 5.
What is not true regarding public interest groups?
(a) hey represent some common or general interest
(b) Members of the organisation may not benefit from the cause that the organisation represents
(c) They promote collective rather than selective good
(d) They aim to help their own members
Answer:
(d) They aim to help their own members

Question 6.
Who won Bolivia’s water war?
(a) People
(b) Government
(c) MNC
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) People

Question 7.
Most of the time democracy evolves through what?
(a) Consensus
(b) Popular struggles
(c) Both the above
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Popular struggles

Question 8.
Which one of the following is not true about the pressure groups?
(a) They are directly engaged in party politics
(b) They take a political stance
(c) They organise protests
(d) They try to gain public support
Answer:
(d) They try to gain public support

Question 9.
Through what outstanding democratic conflicts are usually resolved?
(a) Mass mobilisation
(b) Institutions like the Parliament or the Judiciary
(c) Both the above
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Both the above

Question 10.
Which of these is one of the agencies of organised politics?
(a) Political parties
(b) Pressure groups
(c) Movement groups
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When was the movement for democracy in Nepal conducted? What was its aim?
Answer:
The movement for democracy in Nepal was conducted in April 2006. Its aim was to restore democracy.

Question 2.
What was SPA in Nepal?
Answer:
SPA was Seven Party Alliance of all the major political parties in the parliament of Nepal.

Question 3.
What was the outcome of the struggle of people in Bolivia?
Answer:
The contract with the MNC was cancelled and water supply was restored to the municipality at old rates.

Question 4.
What are pressure groups?
Answer:
Pressure groups are organizations that attempt to influence government policies.

Question 5.
How are most of the trade unions and students’ union are established or afflicted in India?
Answer:
Most of the unions and students’ organization in India are either established or afflicted to one or other political party e.g. ABVP (BJP), NSUI (Congress).

Question 6.
Some parties grow out movements. Give one example.
Answer:
When the Assam movement led by students against the ‘foreigners’ came to an end, it led to the information of the Asom Gana Parishad.

Question 7.
Which organization led the protest against water privatisation in Bolivia?
Answer:
FEDECOR led the protest against water privatisation in Bolivia.

Question 8.
Name any two sectional interest groups.
Answer:
Two sectional interest groups of India are Hind Mazdoor Sabha and Bengal Jute Mill Workers’ Union.

Question 9.
Who were Maoists?
Answer:
Those communists who believed in the ideology of Mao, the great leader of the Chinese Revolution were called Maoists.

Question 10.
Give one difference between Nepal and Bolivia movements.
Answer:
The movement in Nepal was to establish democracy, while the struggle in Bolivia involved claims on an elected, democratic government.

JAC Class 10 Social Science Important Questions

JAC Class 10th Civics Popular Struggles and Movements Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In what ways do pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics?
Answer:
Pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics in a variety of ways:

1. They try to gain public support and sympathy for their goals and their activity by carrying out information campaigns, organizing meetings, file petition, etc.
2. They often organize protest activity like strikes or disrupting government programs.
3. Business groups often employ professional lobbyists or sponsors expensive advertisements.
4. In some instances, the pressure groups are either formed or led by the leaders of political parties or act as extended arms of political parties.
5. Sometimes political parties grow out of movements.
6.  In most cases, the relationship between parties and interest or movement groups is not so direct.

Question 2.
Describe the forms of relationship between pressure groups and political parties?
Answer:
The relationship between political parties and pressure groups can take different forms. Pressure groups are often formed and led by politicians and political parties. Most trade unions and students organisations in India are either established by or affiliated to one or the other major political party. Political parties sometimes grow out of movements. Parties like DMK and AIADMK were formed this way. Many a times the issues raised by pressure or movement groups are taken up by political parties leading to a change in the policies of the parties.

Question 3.
Explain how the activities of pressure groups are useful in the functioning of a democratic government.
Answer:

1. It may initially appear that it is not healthy for groups that promote the interest of one section to have influence in democracy.
2. It may seem that these groups wield power without responsibility!
3. Pressure groups and movements may not get their funds and support from the people.
4. Putting pressure on the rulers is not unhealthy activity in a democracy as long as everyone gets this opportunity.
5. Public interest groups and movements perform a useful role in countering this useful role or countering this undue influence and reminding the government of the needs and concerns of ordinary citizens.

Question 4.
What is a pressure group? Give a few examples.
Answer:
A pressure group is an organisation which attempts to influence government policies through protests and demonstrations. Pressure groups are formed when people with similar opinions get together for similar objectives. Examples of pressure groups are FEDECOR and BAMCEF.

Question 5.
What is the difference between a pressure group and a political party?
Answer:

Question 6.
Organisations that undertake activities to promote the interests of specific social sections such as workers, employees, teachers, and lawyers are called ……….. groups.
Answer:
Sectional Interest

Question 7.
Which among the following is the special feature that distinguishes a pressure group from a political party?
(a) Parties take political stances, while pressure groups do not bother about political issues.
(b) Pressure groups are confined to a few people, while parties involve larger number of people.
(c) Pressure groups do not seek to get into power, while political parties do.
(d) Pressure groups do not seek to mobilise people, while parties do.
Answer:
(c) Pressure groups do not seek to get into power, while political parties do.

Question 8.
Match List I (organisations and struggles) with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

Answer:
(b) C,D,A and B

Question 9.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

Answer:
(a) D,C,A and B

Question 10.
Consider the following statements about pressure groups and parties.
A. Pressure groups are the organised expression of the interests and views of specific social sections.
B. Pressure groups take positions on political issues.
C. All pressure groups are political parties.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) A, B, and C
(b) A and B
(c) B and C
(d) A and C
Answer:
(b) A and B

Question 11.
Mewat is one of the most backward areas in Haryana. It used to be a part of two districts, Gurgaon and Faridabad. The people of Mewat felt that the area will get better attention if it were to become a separate district. But political parties were indifferent to this sentiment. The demand for a separate district was rais’ed by Mewat Educational and Social Organisation and Mewat Saksharta Samiti in 1996. Later, Mewat Vikas Sabha was founded in 2000 and carried out a series of public awareness campaigns. This forced both the major parties, Congress and the Indian National Lok Dal, to announce their support for the new district before the assembly elections held in February 2005. The new district came into existence in July 2005. In this example what is the relationship that you observe among movement, political parties and the government? Can you think of an example that shows a relationship different from this one?
Answer:
From the example of Mewat, we can infer that movements take up issues which have been ignored by political parties. Political parties may then be influenced by these demands when they grab their own manifesto. Finally, the party which comes to power ends up implementing steps which fulfil these demands.

The six – year long Assam movement (19791985), led by the All Assam Students Union (AASU), was aimed against the infiltration of foreigners from Bangladesh into Assam. At the end of this movement, the state assembly was dissolved, the government was dismissed, and fresh elections were held. The Asom Gana Parishad, formed out of the AASU, contested and won the elections, forming the Government of Assam. In this example, we see a political party being formed out of a pressure group, which then goes on to form the government.

JAC Class 10 Social Science Solutions