JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans

JAC Class 7th History The Delhi Sultans InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Do you think the circle of justice is an appropriate term to describe the relationship between the king and his subjects?
Answer:
Yes, the circle of justice is an appropriate term to describe the relationship between the king and his subjects.

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Question 2.
Express Minhaj’s ideas in your own words. Do you think Raziyya shared these ideas? Why do you think it was so difficult for a woman to be a ruler?
Answer:
According to Minhaj, God has created a social order in which man’s subordinate is woman. Therefore, a women like Raziyya does not have right to rule. It is against the ideal social order created by God. Raziyya did not share these ideas. It was very difficult for a woman to be a ruler because of the social set up at that time and women were considered as subordinate to men.

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Question 3.
How complete and effective was its control over such a vast territory?
Answer:
Except under the rule of Allauddin Khalji, the Sultanate did not have complete and much effective control over such a vast territory.

Question 4.
Compare Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5. What similarities and differences do you note amongst the mosques? The mosques in Figures 3,4 and 5 show an evolution in architectural tradition that culminates in Shah Jahan’s mosque in Delhi (see F”ig. 7 in Chapter 5).

Similarities:

• Every mosque has a huge entrance door and gates are almost similar in shape.
• These are extended to both sides of the corridor.
  Differences:
• From Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, the designs of the entrance door becomes complex and complicated.
• In Fig. 3, 4 and 5, the small window over the entrance door can be seen. Fig. 3 shows three such windows and Fig. 4 and 5 shows only one window.
• Over the entrance door, there is a boundary around the dome seen only in Fig. 5.

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Question 5.
Can you think of any reason why a slave would be better than a son?
Answer:
In the old days of master, a well-brought up slave always serves better than the son.

Question 6.
Why do you think Barani criticized the Sultan?
Answer:
Barani citicised Sultan because Sultan Muhammed Tughluq appointed lower caste, or base-bom people to the higher administrative post by ignoring the nobles.

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Question 7.
Describe the ways in which the chieftains arranged for their defence. The ways in which the chieftains arranged for their defence are as under:

• The chieftains fortified themselves in mountains, in rocky, uneven and rugged places as well as in bamboo groves.
• The bamboo grove forest served as ramparts, inside with people lived with their cattle and their crops.
• Also rain, water was collected to fulfil water needs. Very hard to cut. This made it a suitable and most defensive place to live in.

Question 8.
Imagine you are a peasant in Alauddin Khalji’s or Muhammad Tughluq’s reign and you cannot pay the taxes demanded by the Sultan. What will you do?
Answer:
If I were a peasant in Alauddin Khaliji’s reign, I would try to save my life because I might have captured by Sultan’s men and would be severely punished. If I were a peasant in Muhammad Tughluq’s region, I would join the rebel against the Sultan.

JAC Class 7th History The Delhi Sultans Textbook Questions and Answers

( Let’s Recall)

Question 1.
Which ruler first established his or her capital at Delhi?
Answer:
Ananga Pala (Tomaras) of the Rajput Dynasty first established his capital at Delhi.

Question 2.
What was the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans?
Answer:
The language of administration under the Delhi Sultans was Persian.

Question 3.
In whose reign did the Sultanate reach its farthest extent?
Answer:
During the reign ofMuhammad Tughluq, the Sultanate reached its farthest extent and had marched across a large part of the subcontinent. They defeated the rival armies and seized several cities. The Sultanate also collected taxes from the peasantry and dispensed justice in its realm.

Question 4.
From which country did Ibn Battuta travel to India?
Answer:
Ibn Battuta travelled from Morocco (Africa) to India.

(Let’s Understand)

Question 5.
According to the “circle of justice”, why was it important for military commanders to keep the interests of the peasantry in mind?
Answer:
According to the “circle of justice”, it was important for military commanders to keep the interests of the peasantry in mind because the salaries which were paid to the military came from the revenue collected from the peasants and peasants could pay the revenue only when they were prosperous and happy. Thus, the military commanders promoted justice and honest governance.

Question 6.
What is meant by the “internal” and “external” frontiers of the Sultanate?
Answer:
The “internal” frontiers of the Sultanate means the consolidation of the hinterlands of the garrison towns. During these campaigns, forests were cleared in the Ganga-Yamuna doab and hunter-gatherers and pastoralists were expelled from their habitat and these lands were handed over to the peasants. They also promoted regional trade through the establishment of New fortresses and garrison towns. External frontier of the Sultanate means that it aims at the military journey of the Sultanate in southern India during the reign of Alauddin Khalji which started with Muhammad Tughlaq.

Question 7.
What were the steps taken to ensure that muqtis performed their duties? Why do you think they may have wanted to defy the orders of the Sultans?
Answer:
The steps that were taken to ensure that muqtis performed their duties were:

(i) To lead military campaigns and maintain law and order in their iqtas.

(ii) The muqtis had to coh ct the revenues of their assignments as salary in exchange for their military services and had to pay their soldiers from these revenues.

(iii) Control over muqtis was most effective if their office was not inheritable and if they were assigned iqtas for a short period of time before being shifted.

(iv) They wanted to defy the orders of the Sultans because there were many restrictions imposed on them. Accountants were appointed to check the amount collected by them for the state. They made sure that muqtis collected only the taxes prescribed by the state.

Question 8.
What was the impact of the Mongol invasions on the Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:
It led to military and market reforms under Allauddin Khalji. The impact of the Mongol invasions on the Delhi Sultanate was that the Delhi Sultanate posed a big administrative challenge. They mobilized a standing army in Delhi. Alauddin Khalji constructed a garrison town at Siri for his soldiers. He imposed taxes on land to feed the army at the rate of fifty percent of peasant’s yield. He began to pay the army in cash. Also, Muhammad Tughluq converted Delhi into a garrison town and shifted people of Delhi to Daulatabad in south. He also disbanded the army. He also planned to invade Mongol capital in Transoxiana, but plan was aborted.

(Let’s Discuss)

Question 9.
Do you think the authors of tawarikh would provide information about the lives of ordinary men and women?
Answer:
The authors of tawarikh would not provide information about the lives of ordinary men and women because the authors lived in cities and not in touch with village people so much. They often wrote about the Sultans to get rich rewards and nothing to do with the ordinary people.

Question 10.
Raziyya Sultan was unique in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. Do you think women leaders are accepted more readily today?
Answer:
Raziyya Sultan was really unique in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. Nowa-days, women leaders are accepted more readily because now people are more educated and know the potential of women. Even in rural areas, we now see Sarpanch and councillors.

Question 11.
Why were the Delhi Sultans interested in cutting down forests? Does deforestation occur for the same reasons today?
Answer:
The Delhi Sultans cleared the forests in the Ganga-Yamuna doab and gave these lands to peasants in order to uplift and encourage agriculture. They also established new towns and fortresses in these lands to protect trade routes and to promote regional trade. No. deforestation does not occur for the same reasons today. Nowadays, due to over-population, urbanisation and commercialization, vegetation area is being reduced.

(Let’s Do)

Question 12.
Find out whether there are any building built by the Delhi Sultans in your area. Are there any other buildings in your area that were built between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries? Describe some of these buildings, and draw sketches of them.
Answer:
With the help of teachers and parents, students can visit their city and prepare the list themselves.

JAC Class 7th History The Delhi Sultans Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The phrase which define the relationship between the king and his subjects is called as
(a) Circle of Administration
(b) Circle of Loyalty
(c) Circle of Justice
(d) Circle of Confidence
Answer:
(c) Circle of Justice

Question 2.
Bandagon is a Persian word for…….
(a) client
(b) soldier
(c) slave
(d) administrator
Answer:
(c) slave

Question 3.
Alauddin Khalji built the Siri Fort in Delhi to
(a) provide accommodation to growing population
(b) defend city from Mongol invasions
(c) protect people from Rajput invasions ‘
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) defend city from Mongol invasions

Question 4.
Among the following who was not a Turkish ruler?
(a) Raziyya
(b) Balban
(c) Iltutmish
(d) Khizr Khan
Answer:
(a) Raziyya

Question 5.
Delhi Sultanate’s foundation was laid
(a) in the beginning of eleventh century
(b) in the beginning of twelfth century
(c) in the beginning of thirteenth century
(d) at the end of thirteenth century
Answer:
(c) in the beginning of thirteenth century

Question 6.
Raziyya became Sultan in
(a) 1336
(b) 1246
(c) 1225
(d) 1236
Answer:
(d) 1236

Question 7.
Tax on cultivation was known as
(a) Tax
(b) Kharaj
(c) Revenue
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Kharaj

Question 8.
The cities built by the Delhi Sultans were
(a) Siri
(b) Jahanpanah
(c) Delhi-Kuhna
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 9.
Muhammad-bin Tughlaq’s successor was
(a) Firuz Shah Tughlaq
(b) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
(c) Ibn Batuta
(d) Alauddin Khalji
Answer:
(a) Firuz Shah Tughlaq

Question 10.
Raziyya Sultan was dethroned in
(a) 1210
(b) 1230
(c) 1220
(d) 1240
Answer:
(d) 1240

Question 1.
How many dynasties were there in Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:
There were five dynasties in Delhi Sultanate.

Question 2.
Under which dynasty, Delhi became the first capita] city?
Answer:
Under Tomara Rajputs, Delhi became the first capital city.

Question 3.
What is Delhiwal?
Answer:
Coins minted in the city which were widely circulated were called delhiwal.

Question 4.
Who were the authors of “tawarikh ”?
Answer:
The authors of tawarikh were learned men like secretaries, administrators,poets and courtiers, who re ounted events and advised rulers on governance.

Question 5.
Who was Sultan Iltutmish’s daughter?
Answer:
Raziyya was Sultan Iltutmish’s daughter.

Question 6.
What do you mean by hinterland?
Answer:
The land near to a city or port that supplyit with goods and services is known as hinterland.

Question 7.
Which famous traveller came from Morocco, Africa in the fourteenth century?
Answer:
The famous traveller who came fromMorocco, Africa in the fourteenth century was Ibn Battuta.

Question 8.
In which period Tughlaq dynastyruled?
Answer:
From 1320 -1414, Tughlaq dynastyruled.

Question 9.
During prayers, Muslims in Indiaface which side and why?
Answer:
During prayers, Muslims in India facewest side because Mecca is in that direction.

Question 10.
When was the mosque, Jamali Kamali built?
Answer:
It was built in late 1520s.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What was the role of bandagan inDelhi Sultanate?
Answer:
Sultan Iltutmish favoured bandagan as they were trained to some of the very important positions in the kingdom. They were totally dependent on their master, hence the king could rely and trust upon them.

Question 2.
When Delhi became an importantcity and why?
Answer:
Delhi became an important city intwelfth century. It was under Tomaras important commercial centre. Many rich people, mainly merchants lived in the city and constructed several temples. Coins had a wide circulation here as they were minted here.

Question 3.
What were the reasons that promptedMuhammad-bin Tughluq to shift the capital to Daulatabad?
Answer:
The main reasons that promptedMuhammad-bin Tughluq to shift the capital to Daulatabad were:

1. Since it was located in the centre of empire, Muhammad-bin Tughlaq felt that he would be able to control and administer the empire better and in a good position from Daulatabad.
2. The Mongols were a continuous threat to Delhi. Daulatabad would be safe from Mongol attacks.

Question 4.
Mention the types of taxes collectedunder Delhi Sultanate.
Answer:
There were three types of taxes collectedunder Delhi Sultanate:
(a) On cattle
(b) On houses
(c) On cultivation called Kharaj and amounting to. about half of the peasant’s produce.

Question 5.
Why do you think it was necessaryto reinforce the idea of community’ among Muslims?
Answer:
It was necessary to reinforce the ideaof community among Muslims because they came from variety of backgrounds. Question 6: Why was Raziyya not accepted as a Sultan in spite of being talented?
Answer:
Raziyya became Sultan in 1236. Shewas the daughter of Sultan Iltutmish and was very talented and qualified more than her brothers. According to Minhaj- i-Siraj, though she was more talented than her brothers, she was not accepted as a ruler. Those days women were not allowed to enjoy independent identityand were supposed to be subordinate to men. Hence, she was dethroned in 1240.

Question 7.
Why Barani criticized the SultanMuhammad Tughlaq?
Answer:
Ziyauddin Barani, a mid-fourteenthcentury chronicler, criticized the appointments as a sign of the Sultan’s loss of political judgement and decisions and his incapacity to rule. Sultan Muhammad Tughluq appointed these people who didn’t know anything about politics—Aziz Khummar, a wine distiller, Firuz Hajjam, a barber, Manka Tabbakh, a cook, and two gardeners, Ladha and Pira, to high administrative posts.

Question 8.
Why were the accountants appointed by the state during the reigns of Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad Tughlaq? What was the salary of the Muqtis?
Answer:
To check the amount of revenuecollected by the muqtis, accountants were appointed by the state. As a salary, the muqtis collected the revenue of their assignments.

Question 9.
What were the four stages involved inthe preparation of a manuscript?
Answer:
Four stages in the preparation of amanuscript are as follows:

1. Preparing the paper.
2. Writing the text, description of an event.
3. Melting gold to highlight important words and passages.
4. Preparing the binding.

Question 10.
Why do you think that large parts of the subcontinent remain out of control of the Delhi Sultans? What were the consequences?
Answer:
The large parts remained outside the subcontinent of the Delhi Sultans because they were very far. It was difficult to control Bengal from Delhi. The consequences were many. This paved the way for distant territories to become independent. Even in the Gangetic plain there were forested areas that Sultanate forces could not penetrate. It was a golden opportunity for the local chieftains to establish their power and rule in respective territories.

Long Answer Type Questions 

Question 1.
Describe briefly “Three Orders”which was formulated in France.
Answer:
The “Three Orders” was first formulatedin France in the early eleventh century. Three classes were made to divide the society. They were those who prayed, those who fought, and those who tilled the land. This was supported by the Church to consolidate its dominant role in society. This helped the emergence of a new warrior group called knights. The church used them to propagate their idea of “Peace of God”. The aim was to direct warriors away from disputes amongst themselves and send them instead on a campaign against the Muslims who had captured the city of Jerusalem.

Question 2.
What measures did Alauddin Khalji took to achieve his goals to become second Alexander and conquer the world? How far did he succeed?
Answer:
Alauddin Khalji became king in 1296.He was very ambitious. Measures taken to achieve the goals were:

• He tried to win the loyalty of the noble and curb their power.
• He tried to conquer Rajasthan and Deccan.
• He tried to force the Mongols to go back.
• To achieve this, he needed a large sum of money and to earn it he had to have more revenues and for which he took the following measures:
• The land taxes were raised on the wealthier people of Doab.
• He made it very clear that if anyone showed the sign of disloyalty, that person would not be spared.
• He even controlled the prices of the goods so that no one can make large profits and everyone could pay the price he demanded.
• He ordered a new judgement of the cultivated land and the revenue. Hence, he was able to keep the record of the revenue amount collected by various persons and had a control over it.
• He also kept a check on the revenue which the nobles got from their land and did not allow them to keep anything more than that.

Question 3.
Who was Sher Shah Suri? What was phenomenal about his administration?
Answer:
Sher Shah Suri (1540-1545) started his career as the manager of a small territory for his uncle in Bihar and eventually challenged and defeated the Mughal emperor Humayun twice (1530-1540, 1555-1556). Sher Shah captured Delhi and established his own dynasty. Though the Suri dynasty ruled for only fifteen years (1540-1555), it introduced an administration that borrowed elements from Alauddin Khalji and made them more efficient and productive. Sher Shah Suri’s administration became the model followed by the great emperor Akbar (1556-1605) when he consolidated the Mughal Empire.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions