JAC Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Working of Institutions
JAC Class 9th Civics Working of Institutions InText Questions and Answers
Activity (Page No. 58)
Question 1.
Which points, other than the ones mentioned above, do you recall about these institutions from the previous class? Discuss in class.
Answer:
Student do it yourself.
Question 2.
Can you think of a major decision made by your state government ? How were the Governor, the Council of Minister, the State Assembly and the courts involved in that decision?
Answer:
Student do it yourself.
Questions of Unni & Munni (Page No. 58)
Question 1.
Is every office Memorandum a major political decision? If not, what made this one different?
Answer:
No, every office Memorandum is not a major political decision. The special thing in this government order is that 27% reservation was provided to socially backward classes in government posts and services of the government of India through this order.
Question 2.
Now I can see clearly! That is why they talk of Mandalisation of politics. Don’t they? Answer:Yes, they talk of Mandalisation of politics.
Read the Cartoon (Page No. 59)
Question 1.
Reservation debate was such an important issue during 1990-91 that advertisers use this theme to sell their products. Can you spot some references to political events and debates in these Amul butter hoardings?
Answer:
‘Amul -the riot taste’ refers to the riots which took place when the reservation quota was made into a law. ‘Reserved for this outstanding Butter Classic’ which again refers to the reservation issue.
Check Your Progress (Page No. 60)
Question 1.
Who did what in this case of reservations for backward classes?
| 1. Supreme court | (a) Made formal announcement about this decision |
| 2. Cabinet | (b) Implemented the decision by issuing an order |
| 3. President | (c) Took the decision to give 27% job reservation |
| 4. Government Officials | (d) Upheld reservations as valid. |
Answer:
| 1.Supreme court | (d) Upheld reservations as valid. |
| 2. Cabinet | (c) Took the decision to give 27% job reservation |
| 3. President | (a) Made formal announcement about this decision |
| 4. Government Officials | (b) Implemented the decision by issuing an order |
Questions of Unni & Munni (Page No. 60)
Question 1.
Which institutions are at work in the running of your school ? Would it be better if one person alone took all the decisions regarding management of your school?
Answer:
- School Management Committee and Parents – Teachers Association both are at work in the running of my school.
- No, it would not be better if one person alone took all the decisions regarding the management of our school.
Activity (Page No. 62)
Question 1.
When the Parliament is in session, there is a special programme everyday on Doordarshan about the proceedings in the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Watch the proceedings or read about it in the newspapers and note the following :
1. Powers of the two Houses of Parliament.
2. Role of the Speaker.
3. Role of the Opposition.
Answer:
1. Powers of the two houses of Parliament:
The Lok Sabha is directly elected by the people these enjoys the real powers on the behalf of people. The other house, i.e., the Rajya Sabha is indirectly elected by the people thus this House looks after the interests of various states, regions or federal units. The consent of both houses is required for passing any bill, making a law or making amendments to the constitution.
2. Role of the Speaker:
(a) He regulates the proceedings and debates in the House.
(b) He maintains the discipline in the House.
(c) He presides over its meetings.
(d) He puts questions to vote and exercises the casting of votes, in case of a tie.
(e) Supervises parliamentary conmittees.
3. Role of the Opposition:
(a) Opposition provides an opportunity to choose option.
(b) It highlights the mistakes done by government. ‘
(c) It forms the coalition government and always ready to withdraw the ruling party from the government.
Questions of Unni & Munni (Page No. 62)
Question 1.
What is the point in having so much debate and discussion in the Parliament when we know that the view of the ruling party is going to prevail?
Answer:
There is a need for so much dabate and discussion in parliament as positive and negative points related to many subjects are raised at the time of debate and discussion. Only then a decision is taken. Apart from this, people get information related to the subject on which the decision is to be taken and the general public also gets an opportunity to convey their views or objections to the ruling party.
Read the Cartoon (Page No. 65)
Question 1.
The race to become minister is not new. Here is a cartoon depicting ministerial aspirants waiting to get a berth in Nehru’s Cabinet after the 1962 elections. Why do you think political leaders are so keen to become ministers?
Answer:
Ministership is a position of power and influence. Political representation is all about acquiring position of power and influence. Once a person gets elected as people’s representative, he aspires to be appointed as a minister. It is the privilege of the Prime Minister to appoint any person as a minister.
Read the Cartoon (Page No. 66)
Question 1.
This cartoon depicts a cabinet meeting chaired by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in early 1970s, at the peak of her popularity. Do you think similar cartoons could be drawn about other Prime Ministers who followed her?
Answer:
The period after Indira Gandhi is the period of coalition politics. The rise of coalition politics has imposed certain constraints on the power of the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister of a coalition government cannot take decisions as he likes. He has to accommodate different groups and functions in his party as well as among alliance partners. Thus, similar cartoons could not be drawn about other Prime Ministers.
Activity (Page No. 66)
Question 1.
List the names of five Cabinet Ministers and their ministries each at the Union level
Answer:
(a) The names of five cabinet ministers and their ministries at the union level are given below and in your state.
| Name | Ministries (portfolios) |
| 1. Rajnath Singh | Ministry of Defence |
| 2. Amit Shah | Ministry of Home Affairs |
| 3. Nirmala Sitharaman | Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Corporate Affairs |
| 4. Dr. Subrahmanyam Jaishankar | Ministry of External Affairs |
| 5. Piyush Goyal | Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Commerce and Industry |
(b) The names of five cabinet ministers and their ministries at the state level (Rajasthan) are given below.
| Name | Ministries (portfolios) |
| 1. Vishvendra Singh | Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Devasthan. |
| 2. Raghu Sharma | Ministry of Medical & Health Services. Ministry of Informa¬tion & Public Relation. |
| 3. Shanti Dhariwal | Ministry of Law & Legal Affairs and Legal Consultancy Office Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs |
| 4. Parsadi Lai Meena | Ministry of Industry, Ministry of State Enterprise |
| 5. Pratap Singh | Ministry of Transport |
Question 2.
Meet the Mayor or Municipal chairperson of your town or the President of Zila Parishad of your district and ask him/her about how the city, town or district is administered.
Answer:
Do it yourself.
Questions of Unni & Munni (Page No. 67)
Question 1.
Why does this book refer to the President as ‘she’? Have we ever had a woman President in our country?
Answer:
- The book refers to the president as she shows that the highest office in India can also be occupied by a woman.
- Yes, we have had a woman president in our country. Pratibha Devi Singh Patil has been the only woman president of our country. She served as the 12th president (July 2007 to july 2012) in our country.
Question 2.
Did you protest when the book referred to the Prime Minister as “he’ ? Have we not had a women Prime Minister? Why should we assume that all the important positions are held by men ?
Answer:
- No, I did not protest because recently we have a male Prime Minister.
- Of course, we had a woman Prime Minister earliar, i.e., Indira Gandhi.
- We should not assume that all important positions are held by men, women too can occupy high positions.
Question of Unni & Munni(page 68)
Question 1.
What is better for a democracy: A Prime Minister who can do whatever he wishes or a Prime Minister who needs to consult other leaders and parties?
Answer:
A Prime Minister has freedom of taking decisions but he should also seek the consultation of other leaders and parties on important issues would be a better Prime Minister for a democracy.
Check Your Progress (Page No. 68)
Question 1.
Eliamma, Annakutti and Marymol read the section on the President. Each of them had a question. Can you help them in answering these questions?
1. Eliamma:
What happens if the President and the Prime Minister disagree about some policy? Does the view of the Prime Minister always prevail?
2. Annakutti:
I find it funny that the President is the supreme commander of armed forces. I doubt if the President can even lift a heavy gun. What is the point in making the President the Commander?
3. Marymol:
I would say, what is the point in having a President at all if all the real powers are with the Prime Minister?
Answer:
1. (a) In the event of no consensus between the president and the Prime Minister on a policy, the view of the Prime Minister will always be prevail. He should get majority support on it.
(b) If the Prime Minister loses majority support in parliament, then in such a situation the president is free to take a decision at his discretion. He can also sack the government it he wants.
2. The president has the power of a pen, not a weapon, which he commands, while the heads of the three wings of the armies have weapons with which they obey the order. The weapon has less power than a pen. The president gets most of the information related to the security of the country through the cabinet. Therefore it is appropriate to make the president the commander of the armed forces, with this, the public has indirect control over the armed forces.
3. The president represents the supreme power of the country many times in serious circumstances, the president himself decides in the national interest by exercising real powers. He can exercise his rights when required. For example when a Prime Minister loses his majority in parliament, the real powers at the executive are exercised by the president. In the absence of this post. In such a situation the possibility of anarchy in the country may arise.
Read the Image (Page No. 69)
Question 1.
It is quite common in the US for judges to be nominated on the basis of well-known political opinions and affiliations. This fictitious advertisement appeared in the US in 2005 when President Bush was considering various candidates for nomination to the US Supreme Court?
1. What does this cartoon say about the independence of the judiciary?
2. Why do such cartoons not appear in our country?
3. Does this demonstrate the independence of our judiciary?
Answer:
1. The given cartoon shows that in the appointment of judges in the US supreme court their political views and their thinking towards the party are based. If a person is associated with the president in whether or not he has the requisite qualifica¬tions and experience, he can be appointed as a judge. Therefore it can be said that the judiciary in the united states does not function impartially.
2. Such cartoons did not appear in our country because the indian judiciary is one of the most independent and impartial judiciary in the world. The judges of supreme court of India or High Court etc. never say a word in praise of the ruling or other political parties or in praise of the Prime Minister or the president. They have no meaning with political ideologies.
3. Yes, this demonstrates the independence of our judiciary.
Activity (Page No. 69)
Question 1.
Follow the news about any major court case in a High Court or the Supreme Court. What was the original verdict? Did the High Court or the Supreme Court change it? What was the reason?
Answer:
Student do it yourself.
Questions of Unni & Munni (Page No. 70)
Question 1.
Why are people allowed to go to courts against the government’s decisions?
Answer:
The citizens have a right to approach the courts to seek remedy in case of any violation of their rights.
Check Your Progress (Page No. 70)
Question 1.
Give one reason each to argue that Indian judiciary is independent with respect to:
1. Appointment of judges,
2. Removal of judges,
3. Powers of the judiciary.
Answer:
1. The judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts are appointed by the President of India, on the recommendation of the Prime Minister and in consultation with the Chief Justice of India. Seniority and merit are the main basis for appointment of judges and judges are chosen on this basis.
2. A judge can be removed only by an impeachment motion passed separately by two thirds members of the two Houses of the Parliament. Once a person is appointed as judge it is nearly impossible to remove him or her from that position.
3. The supreme court has the power to declare illegal any law made by parliament if it goes against the constitution. The judiciary when brought before it, can investigate any action of the executive in relation to’its constitutionality.
JAC Class 9th Civics Working of Institutions Textbook Questions and Answers
Question 1.
If you are elected as the President of India, which of the following decision can you take on your own ?
(a) Select the person you like as Prime Minister.
(b) Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in Lok Sabha.
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.
(d) Nominate the leaders of your choice to the council of Ministers.
Answer:
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.
Question 2.
Who among the following is a part of the political executive?
(a) District collector
(b) Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs
(c) Home Minister
(d) Director General of Police
Answer:
(c) Home Minister
Question 3.
Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false?
(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court.
(b) Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the constitution.
(c) Judiciary is independent of the Executive.
(d) Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated.
Answer:
(a) Every It v passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court.
Question 4.
Which of the following institutions can make changes to an existing law of the country?
(a) The Supreme ourt
(b) The President
(c) The Prime Minister
(d) The Parliament
Answer:
(d) The Parliament
Question 5.
Match the ministry with the news that the ministry may have released.
| (a) A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the country. | 1. Ministry of Defence |
| (b) Telephone services will be made more accessible to rural areas. | 2. Ministry of Health |
| (c) The price of rice and wheat sold under the Public Distribution system will go down. | 3. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution |
| (d) A pulse polio campaign will be launched. | 4. Ministry of Commerce and Industry |
| (e) The allowances of the soldiers posted on | 5. Ministry of Communication and high altitudes will be increased. Information Technology |
Answer:
| (a) A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the country. | 4. Ministry of Commerce and Industry |
| (b) Telephone services will be made more accessible to rural areas. | 5. Ministry of Communication and high altitudes will be increased. Information Technology |
| (c) The price of rice and wheat sold under the Public Distribution system will go down. | 3. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution |
| (d) A pulse polio campaign will be launched. | 2. Ministry of Health |
| (e) The allowances of the soldiers posted on | 1. Ministry of Defence |
Question 6.
Of all the institutions that we have studied in this chapter, name the one that exercises the powers on each of the following matters:
(a) Decision on allocation of money for developing infrastructure like roads, irrigation, etc., and different welfare activities for the citizens.
(b) Considers the recommendation of a committee on a law to regulate the stock exchange.
(c) Decides on a legal disputes between two state governments.
(d) Implements the decision to provide relief for the victims of an earthquake.
Answer:
(a) Parliament,
(b) Parliament,
(c) The Judiciary,
(d) Executive.
Question 7.
Why is the Prime Minister in India not directly elected by the people? Choose the most appropriate answer and give reasons for your choice.
(a) In a Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister.
(b) Lok Sabha can remove the Prime Minister and the Council of Minister even before the expiry of their term.
(c) Since the Prime Minister is appointed by the President there is no need for it.
(d) Direct election of the Prime Minister will involve lot of expenditure on election.
Answer:
The most appropriate answer is option ‘(a)’. Reason The Indian constitution provides for a system of parliamentary democracy. In which it is arranged that the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha will be naminated as the Prime Minister by the President, rather than directly electing the Prime Minister.
Question 8.
Three friends went to watch a film that showed the hero becoming Chief Minister for a day and making big changes in the state. Imran said this is what the country needs. Rizwan said this kind of a personal rule without institutions is dangerous. Shankar said all this is a fantasy. No minister can do anything in one day. What would be your reaction to such a film?
Answer:
My reaction about such film would be as follows film is based on both idealism and actual situation. The problems shown in the film are real but solutions mentioned are baxed, on the ideal, but all the work done by the hero playing the role of chief minister is within the limits of the institution. The hero is shown to be acting impractically as the chief minister. But if it can actually happen, then it is true. Our country needs similar leaders at this time.
Question 9.
A teacher was making preparations for a mock parliament. She called two students to act as leaders of two political parties. She gave them an option : Each one could choose to have a majority either in the mock Lok Sabha or in the mock Rajya Sabha. If this choice was given to you, which one would you choose and why?
Answer:
If such an option is presented to me, then I will accept the option of the leader of the majority party of the Lok Sabha because Lok Sabha is more powerful than Rajya Sabha. all decisions are taken by the Lok Sabha itself. Apart from this the leader of this house is elected by the members of the Lok Sabha and the person who has a majority in the Lok Sabha is appointed Prime Minister by the Presidents and his government is formed.
Question 10.
After reading the example of the reservation order, three sutdents had different reactions about the role of the judiciary. Which view, according to you, is a correct reading of the role of judiciary?
(a) Srinivas argues that since the Supreme Court agreed with the government, it is not independent.
(b) Anjaiah says that judiciary is independent because it could have given a verdict against the government order. The Supreme Court did direct the government to modify it.
(c) Vijaya thinks that the judiciary is neither independent nor conformist, but acts as a mediator between opposing parties. The court struck a good balance between those who supported and those who opposed the order.
Answer:
(b) The view of Anjaiah is correct regarding of the role of the judiciary.