JAC Class 10 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 3 The Making of Global World

JAC Board Class 10th Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 3 The Making of Global World

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Peoples’ livelihood and local economy of which one of the following was badly affected by the disease named Rinderpest?
(a) Asia
(b) Europe
(c) Africa
(d) South America
Answer:
(c) Africa

Question 2.
Most Indian indentured workers came from
(a) Eastern Uttar Pradesh
(b) North-eastern states
(c) Jammu and Kashmir
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Question 3.
Who adopted the concept of an assembly line to produce automobiles?
(a) Henry Ford
(b) T. Coppola
(c) y.s. Naipaul
(d) Samuel Morse
Answer:
(a) Henry Ford

Question 4.
Which of the following diseases killed the majority of America’s original inhabitants?
(a) Cholera
(b) Small Pox
(c) Typhoid
(d) Plague
Answer:
(b) Small Pox

Question 5.
At which of the following states in USA was the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in 1944?
(a) New Hampshire
(b) New York
(c) San Francisco
(d) New Jersey
Answer:
(a) New Hampshire

Question 6.
Which two institutions are well-known as Bretton Wood Institution?
(a) UNICEF and IMF
(b) WHO and World Bank
(c) IMF and World Bank
(d) UNESCO and UNICEF
Answer:
(c) IMF and World Bank

Question 7.
The group of powers collectively known as the Axis power during the 2nd World War were
(a) Germany, Italy, Japan
(b) Austria, Germany, Italy
(c) France, Japan, Italy
(d) Japan, Germany, Turkey
Answer:
(a) Germany, Italy, Japan

Question 8.
Which of the following statement correctly identifies the corn laws?
(a) Restricted the import of corn to England.
(b) Allowed the import of com to England.
(c) Imposed tax on com.
(d) Abolished the sale of com.
Answer:
(a) Restricted the import of corn to England.

Question 9.
The World Bank was set up to
(a) finance rehabilitation of refugees
(b) finance post war construction.
(c) finance industrial development
(d) help third world countries.
Answer:
(b) finance post war construction.

Question 10.
Mark the correct response out of the following:
(a) The silk route acted as a link between different countries.
(b) The silk route helped in cultural and commercial exchange.
(c) The silk route acted as a route for west bound silk cargos from China.
(d) All the above.
Answer:
(d) All the above.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by Indentured labour?
Answer:
Indentured labour is a bonded labour in which a labourer works under contract to work for an employer for a specific period of time, to pay off his passage to a new country or home.

Question 2.
What is Tariff?
Answer:
Tax imposed on a country’s imports from the rest of the world is called Tariff. Tariffs are levied at the point of entry, i.e., at the border or the airport.

Question 3.
What are the main elements of globali zation?
Answer:
The main elements of globalization are trade, migration of people in search of job, movement of capital and much else.

Question 4. State a positive aspect of India’s development strategy prior to 1991.
Answer:
The strategy has helped India in creating a large industrial base and increase in industrial production.

Question 5.
What is “bilateral agreements”?
Answer:
Whenever a country involves itself in a trade with some other country, there is an agreement between them. This agreement is called bilateral agreement.

Question 6.
Define sustainable economic develop-ment.
Answer:
The development that takes place without damaging the environment and in the present does not compromise on the needs of future-generations, is called sustainable econoriiic development.

Question 7.
What were ‘Corn Laws’?
Answer:
The laws that allowed the British govern-ment to restrict the import of com were known as ‘Com laws’.

Question 8.
What does IBRD stand for?
Answer:
IBRD stands for International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

Question 9.
State the strategies under new economic policy.
Answer:
The strategies under new economic policy are:

1. Liberalization
2. Privatization
3. Globalization.

Question 10.
What do you mean by Exchange Rates?
Answer:
In finance, an exchange rate is the rate at which one currency will be exchanged for another. It is also regarded as the value ,
of one country’s currency in relation to another currency. They link national currencies for purposes of international trade. There are broadly two kinds of exchange rates fixed exchange rate and floating exchange rate.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a brief note on the ‘Irish Potato Famine’.
Answer:
Europe’s poor began to eat better and live longer with the introduction of the humble potato. Ireland’s poorest peasants became so dependent on potatoes that when disease destroyed the potato crop in the mid-1840s, hundreds of thousands died of starvation. These starvation deaths were called the ‘Irish Potato Famine’.

Question 2.
Did the silk routes have religious significance?
Answer:
Yes, the silk routes had a great religious significance. For example

1. Buddhism, that emerged in eastern India, spread in several directions through intersecting points along the silk routes.
2. Similarly, later on, Christianity and Islam also got promoted and spread as their missionaries travelled along the silk routes.

Question 3.
What do you know about the Shikaripuri shroffs and Nattukottai Chettiars?
Answer:
They were amongst the many groups of – bankers and traders who financed export agriculture in Central and Southeast Asia, using either their own funds or those borrowed from European banks. They had a sophisticated system to transfer money over large distances, and even developed indigenous forms of corporate organisation.

Question 4.
What led to the collapse of the system of fixed exchange rates?
Answer:
The rising costs of its overseas involve¬ments weakened the US’s finance and competitive strength. The US dollar now no longer commanded confidence as the world’s’ principal currency. It eventually led to the collapse of the system of fixed exchange rates and the introduction of a system of floating exchange rates.

Question 5.
Define Great Depression.
Answer:
Great Depression began around 1929 and lasted till the mid-1930s. During this period most parts of the world experienced catastrophic declines in production, employment, incomes and trade. The exact timing and impact of the depression varied across countries. But in general, agricultural regions and communities were the worst affected. This was because the falj agricultural prices was greater and more prolonged than that in the prices of industrial goods.

Question 6.
Describe the changes that have occurred ‘ in India due to the adoption of the policy of liberalization and globalization.
Answer:
(i) Visible changes:

1. There are better services in communication ’ sector such as telephone, colour television and other electronic goods at low price.
2. Many food processing companies have taken over the market, such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi and other food products.

(ii) Invisible changes:

1. The share of India in trade and services in the world has increased.
2. Foreign direct investment in India has increased.
3. Foreign exchange reserves have increased.
4. Price rise in terms of percentage have declined.
5. Marginal growth in industry and employment opportunities is shown.

Question 7.
Why did household income decline after the First World War? Give two reasons.
Answer:
The household income declined after the First World War because of the following reasons:

1. During the war much of the attention was on the production of war related goods and people for fighting. Large tracts of lands were left uncultivated which reduced household income.
2. The war saw large scale killing, most of them were men of working age. The deaths and injuries in the war reduced the able-bodied workforce. Families left behind found it difficult to survive.

Question 8.
Describe the Canal Colonies. Where and why were they introduced?
Answer:
The areas irrigated by new canals built by the British were called the Canal Colonies. These were introduced in the region of west Punjab. Peasants from the other parts of Punjab settled around these canals. The British wanted to transform semi desert wastelands into fertile agricultural lands. Their aim was to grow wheat and cotton for export.

Question 9:
Explain what is referred to as G-77 countries.
Answer:
Most developing countries did not benefit from the fast growth the Western .economies experienced in the 1950’s and 1960’s. Therefore, they organized themselves into a group, i.e. the Group of 77 or G-77 to demand a New International Economic Order (NIEO). NIEO means a system that would give them real control over their natural resources, fair prices for raw materials and better access for their manufactured goods in developed countries’ markets.

Question 10:
Why was the First World War called the World War?
Answer:
The First World War was called the World War because:

1. The First World War was the first modem industrial war. In this war machine guns, tanks, aircrafts and chemical weapons were used on a large scale.
2. Millions of soldiers were recruited from around the world and were brought to the front in ships and trains.
3. About 9 million civilians died and 20 millions were injured.
4. Most of the killed and injured were men of working age, reducing the able-bodied workforce in Europe.
5. During the war, industries were reconstructed to produce war related goods.
6. Britain borrowed large sums of money from the US banks. Thus, the war transformed the US from being an .international debtor to an international creditor.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. How did silk routes link the world? Explain with example.
Answer:
The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world. The name ‘silk routes’ points to the , importance of West-bound Chinese silk cargoes along this route. Historians have identified several silk routes, over land and by sea, knitting together vast regions of Asia, and linking Asia with Europe and northern Africa. They are known to have existed since before the Christian Era and thrived almost till the fifteenth century.

But Chinese pottery also travelled the same route, as did textiles and spices from India and Southeast Asia. In return, precious metals – gold and silver – flowed from Europe to Asia. Trade and cultural exchange always went hand in hand. Early Christian missionaries almost certainly travelled this route to Asia, as did early Muslim preachers a few centuries later. Much before all this, Buddhism emerged from eastern India and spread in several directions through intersecting points on the silk routes.

Question 2.
What were the results of ‘Shrinking’ of the world from 16th century onwards? Answer: The ‘Shrinking’ of the world from 16th century onwards, resulted into many developments. These were as under:

1. Americas (North, South America and Caribbean Islands) were discovered.
2. Americas were colonized by the European powers.
3. Sea trade route through Indian Ocean was also discovered by the European sailors.
4. This led to the expansion and redirection of Asian trade towards Europe.
5. China isolated and restricted itself from overseas contacts.
6. Due to this, the centre for trade got shifted from China towards West, i.e., in Europe.
7. The gold and silver mines of South American countries like Peru, El Dorado and Mexico got exposed to the European powers.
8. Smallpox, a deadly disease also spread into American continents through European soldiers.

Question 3.
What was the role of technology in shaping the world? Give an example.
Answer:
The railways, steamships, the telegraph, for example, were important inventions without which we cannot imagine the transformed nineteenth-century world. But technological advances were often the result of larger social, political and economic factors. For example, colonisation stimulated new investments and improvements in transport faster railways, lighter wagons and larger ships helped friove food more cheaply and quickly from far away farms to final markets. The trade in meat offers a good example of this connected process.

Till the 1870s, animals were shipped live from America to Europe and then slaughtered when they arrived there. But live animals took up a lot of ship space. Many also died in voyage, fell ill, lost weight, or became unfit to eat. Meat was hence an expensive luxury beyond the reach of the European poor. High prices in turn kept demand and production went down until the development of a new technology, viz., refrigerated ships, which enabled the transport of perishable foods over long distances. Now animals were slaughtered for food at the starting point – in America, Australia or New Zealand and then transported to Europe as frozen meat. This reduced shipping costs and lowered meat prices in Europe.

Question 4.
Describe the period of First World War and its after effects.
Answer:
The’First World War, as you know, was fought between two power blocs. On the one side were the Allies Britain, France and Russia (later joined by the US); and on the opposite side were the Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey. When the war began in August 1914, many governments thought it would be over by Christmas. It lasted more than four years. The First World War was a war like no other before.

The fighting involved the world’s leading industrial nations which now harnessed the vast powers of modem industry to inflict the greatest possible destruction on their enemies. This war was thus the first modem industrial war. It saw the use of machine guns, tanks, aircraft, chemical weapons, etc., on a massive scale. These were all increasingly products of modem large scale industry. To fight the war, millions of soldiers had to be recmited from around the world and moved to the frontlines on large ships and trains.

The scale of death and destruction – 9 million dead and 20 million injured – was unthinkable before the industrial age, without the use of industrial arms. Most of the killed and maimed were men of working age. These deaths and injuries reduced the able-bodied workforce in Europe. With fewer numbers within the family, household incomes declined after the war. During the war, industries were restructured to produce war-related goods.

Entire societies were also reorganised for war – as men went to battle, women stepped in to undertake jobs that earlier only men were expected to do. The war led to the snapping of economic links between some of the world’s largest economic powers which were now fighting each other to pay for them. So Britain borrowed large sums of money from the US banks as well as the US public. Thus the war transformed the US from being an international debtor to an international creditor. In other words, at the war’s end, the US and its citizens owned more overseas assets than foreign governments and citizens owned in the US.

Question 5.
Explain the effects of the Great Depression on the world.
Answer:
The Great Depression began around 1929 and lasted till the mid-1950s. During this period most parts of the world experienced catastrophic decline in production, employment, incomes and trade. The exact timing and impact of the depression varied across countries. But in general, agricultural regions and communities were the worst affected. This was because the fall in agricultural prices was greater and more prolonged than that in the prices of industrial goods.

The depression was caused by a combination of several factors. We have already seen how fragile the post-war world economy was. First: agricultural overproduction remained a problem. This was made worse by falling agricultural prices. As prices slumped and agricultural income declined, farmers tried to expand production and bring a larger volume of produce to the market to maintain their overall income. This worsened the glut in the market, pushing down prices even further. Farm produce rotted for the lack of buyers.

Second:
in the mid-1920s, many countries financed their investments through loans from the US. While it was often extremely easy to raise loans in the US when the going was good, the US overseas lenders panicked at the first sign of trouble. In the first half of 1928, the US overseas loans amounted to over $ 1 billion. A year later it was one quarter of that amount. Countries that depended crucially on the US loans now faced an acute crisis.

The withdrawal of the US loans affected much of the rest of the world, though in different ways. In Europe it led to the failure of some major banks and the collapse of currencies such as the British pound sterling. In Latin America and elsewhere it intensified the slump in agricultural and raw material prices. The US attempt to protect its economy in the depression by doubling import duties also brought another severe blow to world trade. The US was also an industrial country which was most severely affected by the depression. With the fall in prices and the prospect of a depression, the US banks had also slashed domestic lending and called back loans.

Farms could not sell their harvests, households were ruined, and businesses collapsed. Faced with falling incomes, many households in the US could not repay what they had borrowed, and were forced to give up their homes, cars and other consumer durables. The consumerist prosperity of the 1920s now disappeared in a puff of dust. As unemployment soared, people trudged long distances looking for any work they could find. Ultimately, the US banking system itself collapsed.

Unable to recover investments, collect loans and repay depositors, thousands of banks went bankrupt and were forced to close. The numbers are phenomenal: by 1933 over 4,000 banks were closed and between 1929 and 1932 about 110,000 companies had collapsed. By 1935, a modest economic recovery was underway in most industrial countries. But the Great Depression’s wider effects on society, politics and international relations, and on peoples’ minds, proved more enduring.

Activity Based Questions

Question 1.
On a map of Africa, locate and mark how Africa was colonized by different colonial powers.
Answer:

Question 2.
Look at the following picture and answer the questions that follow:

(a) What do you observe in the given picture?
(b) What do you mean by the Irish Potato Famine?
Answer:
(a) Hungry children digging for potatoes in a field that has already been harvested, hoping to discover some leftovers.

(b) Ireland’s poorest peasants became so dependent on potatoes that when disease destroyed the potato crop in the mid- 1840s. During the Great Irish Potato Famine (1845 to 1849), around 1,000,000 people died of starvation in Ireland, and double the number emigrated in search of work.

JAC Class 10 Social Science Important Questions