JAC Board Class 10th Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements
JAC Class 10th Civics Popular Struggles and Movements Textbook Questions and Answers
Question 1.
In what ways do pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics?
Answer:
Pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics in a variety of ways:
- They try to gain public support and sympathy for their goals and their activity by carrying out information campaigns, organizing meetings, file petition, etc.
- They often organize protest activity like strikes or disrupting government programs.
- Business groups often employ professional lobbyists or sponsors expensive advertisements.
- In some instances, the pressure groups are either formed or led by the leaders of political parties or act as extended arms of political parties.
- Sometimes political parties grow out of movements.
- In most cases, the relationship between parties and interest or movement groups is not so direct.
Question 2.
Describe the forms of relationship between pressure groups and political parties?
Answer:
The relationship between political parties and pressure groups can take different forms. Pressure groups are often formed and led by politicians and political parties. Most trade unions and students organisations in India are either established by or affiliated to one or the other major political party. Political parties sometimes grow out of movements. Parties like DMK and AIADMK were formed this way. Many a times the issues raised by pressure or movement groups are taken up by political parties leading to a change in the policies of the parties.
Question 3.
Explain how the activities of pressure groups are useful in the functioning of a democratic government.
Answer:
- It may initially appear that it is not healthy for groups that promote the interest of one section to have influence in democracy.
- It may seem that these groups wield power without responsibility!
- Pressure groups and movements may not get their funds and support from the people.
- Putting pressure on the rulers is not unhealthy activity in a democracy as long as everyone gets this opportunity.
- Public interest groups and movements perform a useful role in countering this useful role or countering this undue influence and reminding the government of the needs and concerns of ordinary citizens.
Question 4.
What is a pressure group? Give a few examples.
Answer:
A pressure group is an organisation which attempts to influence government policies through protests and demonstrations. Pressure groups are formed when people with similar opinions get together for similar objectives. Examples of pressure groups are FEDECOR and BAMCEF.
Question 5.
What is the difference between a pressure group and a political party?
Answer:
| Pressure Group | Political Party |
| (i) They attempt to influence gavernment policies. | (i) They aim to directly control or share power. |
| (ii) People with common interest come together to achieve a common objective. | (ii) It is directly answerable to the people. |
Question 6.
Organisations that undertake activities to promote the interests of specific social sections such as workers, employees, teachers, and lawyers are called ……….. groups.
Answer:
Sectional Interest
Question 7.
Which among the following is the special feature that distinguishes a pressure group from a political party?
(a) Parties take political stances, while pressure groups do not bother about political issues.
(b) Pressure groups are confined to a few people, while parties involve larger number of people.
(c) Pressure groups do not seek to get into power, while political parties do.
(d) Pressure groups do not seek to mobilise people, while parties do.
Answer:
(c) Pressure groups do not seek to get into power, while political parties do.
Question 8.
Match List I (organisations and struggles) with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
| List I | List II |
| 1. Organisations that seek to promote the interests of a particular section or group | A. Movement |
| 2. Organisations that seek to promote common interest | B. Political parties |
| 3. Struggles launched for the resolution of a social problem with or without an organisational structure | C. Sectional interest groups |
| 4. Organisations that mobilise people with a view to win political power | D. Public interest groups |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| (a) | C | D | B | A |
| (b) | C | D | A | B |
| (c) | D | C | B | A |
| (d) | B | C | D | A |
Answer:
(b) C,D,A and B
Question 9.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
| List I | List II |
| 1. Pressure group | A. Narmada Bachao Andolan |
| 2. Long-term movement | B. Asom Gana Parishad |
| 3. Single issue movement | C. Women’s movement |
| 4. Political party | D. Fertilizer dealers’ association |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| (a) | D | C | A | B |
| (b) | B | A | D | C |
| (c) | C | D | A | B |
| (d) | B | D | C | A |
Answer:
(a) D,C,A and B
Question 10.
Consider the following statements about pressure groups and parties.
A. Pressure groups are the organised expression of the interests and views of specific social sections.
B. Pressure groups take positions on political issues.
C. All pressure groups are political parties.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) A, B, and C
(b) A and B
(c) B and C
(d) A and C
Answer:
(b) A and B
Question 11.
Mewat is one of the most backward areas in Haryana. It used to be a part of two districts, Gurgaon and Faridabad. The people of Mewat felt that the area will get better attention if it were to become a separate district. But political parties were indifferent to this sentiment. The demand for a separate district was rais’ed by Mewat Educational and Social Organisation and Mewat Saksharta Samiti in 1996. Later, Mewat Vikas Sabha was founded in 2000 and carried out a series of public awareness campaigns. This forced both the major parties, Congress and the Indian National Lok Dal, to announce their support for the new district before the assembly elections held in February 2005. The new district came into existence in July 2005. In this example what is the relationship that you observe among movement, political parties and the government? Can you think of an example that shows a relationship different from this one?
Answer:
From the example of Mewat, we can infer that movements take up issues which have been ignored by political parties. Political parties may then be influenced by these demands when they grab their own manifesto. Finally, the party which comes to power ends up implementing steps which fulfil these demands.
The six – year long Assam movement (19791985), led by the All Assam Students Union (AASU), was aimed against the infiltration of foreigners from Bangladesh into Assam. At the end of this movement, the state assembly was dissolved, the government was dismissed, and fresh elections were held. The Asom Gana Parishad, formed out of the AASU, contested and won the elections, forming the Government of Assam. In this example, we see a political party being formed out of a pressure group, which then goes on to form the government.