Class 9

Jharkhand Board JAC Class 9 Maths Solutions Chapter 11 Constructions Ex 11.2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

JAC Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 11 Constructions Ex 11.2

Page-195

Question 1.
Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 7 cm, ∠B = 75° and AB + AC = 13 cm.
Answer:

Steps of Construction:
Step 1: A line segment BC of 7 cm is drawn.
Step 2: At point B, an angle ∠XBC is constructed such that it is equal to 75°.
Step 3: A line segment BD =13 cm is cut on BX (which is equal to AB + AC).
Step 4: DC is joined.
Step 5: Draw perpendicular bisector of CD which meets BD at A.
Step 6: Join AC.
Thus, ∆ABC is the required triangle.

Question 2.
Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 8 cm, ∠B = 45° and AB – AC = 3.5 cm.
Answer:
Steps of Construction:
Step 1: A line segment BC = 8 cm is drawn and at point B, make an angle of 45° i.e. ∠XBC.
Step 2: Cut the line segment BD = 3.5 cm (equal to AB – AC) on ray BX.
Step 3: Join DC and draw the
perpendicular bisector PQ of CD.
Step 4: Let it intersect BX at point A. Join AC.
Thus, ∆ABC is the required triangle.

Question 3.
Construct a triangle PQR in which QR = 6 cm, ∠Q = 60° and PR – PQ = 2 cm.
Answer:
Steps of Construction:
Step 1: A line segment QR = 6 cm is drawn.
Step 2: A ray QY is constructed making an angle of 60° with QR and YQ is produced backwards to form a line YY’.
Step 3: Cut off a line segment QS = 2 cm from QY’. RS is joined.
Step 4: Draw perpendicular bisector of RS intersecting QY at a point P. PR is joined. Thus, ∆PQR is the required triangle.

Question 4.
Construct a triangle XYZ in which ∠Y = 30°, ∠Z = 90° and XY + YZ + ZX = 11 cm.
Answer:
Steps of Construction:
Step 1: A line segment PQ = il cm is drawn. (XY + YZ + ZX =11 cm)
Step 2: An angle, ZRPQ = 30° is constructed at point P and an angle ZSQP = 90° at point Q.
Step 3: ZRPQ and ZSQP are bisected. The bisectors of these angles intersect each other at point X.
Step 4: Perpendicular bisectors TU of PX and WV of QX are constructed.
Step 5: Let TU intersect PQ at Y and WV intersect PQ at Z. XY and XZ are joined.
Thus, ∆XYZ is the required triangle.

Question 5.
Construct a right triangle whose base is 12 cm and sum of its hypotenuse and other side is 18 cm.
Answer:
Steps of Construction:
Step 1 : A line segment BC = 12 cm is drawn.
Step 2: ZCBY = 90° is constructed.
Step 3: Cut off a line segment BD = 18 cm from BY. CD is joined.
Step 4: Perpendicular bisector of CD is constructed intersecting BD at A. AC is joined.
Thus, ∆ABC is the required triangle.

Jharkhand Board JAC Class 9 Maths Solutions Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 13.3 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

JAC Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 13.3

Page-121

Question 1.
Diameter of the base of a cone is 10.5 cm and its slant height is 10 cm. Find its curved surface area.
Answer:
Radius (r) = \(\frac{10.5}{2}\) cm = 5.25 cm

Slant height (l) = 10 cm
Curved surface area of the cone = (πrl) cm²
= (\(\frac{22}{7}\) × 5.25 × 10) cm²
= 165 cm²

Question 2.
Find the total surface area of a cone, if its slant height is 21 m and diameter of its base is 24 m.
Ans. Radius (r) = \(\frac{24}{2}\) m = 12 m
Slant height (l) = 21 m
Total surface area of the cone = πr (l + r) m²
= \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 12 × (21 + 12) m²
= \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 12 × 33 m²= 1244.57 m²

Question 3.
Curved surface area of a cone is 308 cm² and its slant height is 14 cm. Find
(i) radius of the base and
(ii) total surface area of the cone.
Answer:
(i) Curved surface of a cone = 308 cm²
Slant height (l) = 14 cm
Let r be the radius of the base
∴ πrl = 308
⇒ \(\frac{22}{7}\) × r × 14 = 308
⇒ 44r = 308
⇒ r = \(\frac{308}{\frac{22}{7} \times 14}\) = 7 cm.

(ii) TSA of the cone = πr(l + r) cm²
= \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 7 × (14 + 7) cm²
= (22 × 21) cm²
= 462 cm²

Question 4.
A conical tent is 10 m high and the radius of its base is 24 m. Find:
(i) slant height of the tent.
(ii) cost of the canvas required to make the tent, if the cost of 1 m² canvas is ₹ 70.
Answer:
(i) Radius of the base (r) = 24 m
Height of the conical tent (h) = 10 m
Let l be the slant height of the cone.
∴ l² = h² + r²
⇒ l = \(\sqrt{\mathrm{h}^2+\mathrm{r}^2}=\sqrt{10^2+24^2}\)
= \(\sqrt{100 +576}\) = 26 m

(ii) Canvas required to make the conical tent = Curved surface of the cone
= πrl = \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 24 × 26 m² = \(\frac{13728}{7}\) m

Cost of 1 m² canvas = ₹ 70
∴ Cost of canvas = ₹ \(\frac{13728}{7}\) × 70
= ₹ 137280

Question 5.
What length of tarpaulin 3 m wide will be required to make conical tent of height 8 m and base radius 6 m? Assume that the extra length of material that will be required for stitching margins and wastage in cutting is approximately 20 cm (Use π = 3.14)
Answer:
Radius of the base (r) = 6 m
Height of the conical tent (h) = 8 m
Let l be the slant height of the cone.
∴ l = \(\sqrt{\mathrm{h}^2+\mathrm{r}^2}\) = \(\sqrt{10^2+24^2}\)
= \( \sqrt{100} \) = 10 m

CSA of conical tent = πrl = (3.14 x 6 x 10) m² = 188.4 m²
Breadth of tarpaulin = 3 m
Let length of tarpaulin sheet required be x.
20 cm will be wasted in cutting.
So, the length will be (x – 0.2) m
Area of sheet = CSA of tent
⇒ [(x – 0.2) m × 3] m² = 188.4 m²
⇒ x – 0.2 = 62.8
⇒ x = 63 m
∴ Length of tarpaulin sheet required = 63 m.

Question 6.
The slant height and base diameter of a conical tomb are 25 m and 14 m respectively. Find the cost of white-washing its curved surface at the rate of ₹ 210 per 100 m².

Ans. Radius (r) = \(\frac{14}{2}\) m = 7 m
Slant height of the tomb (l) = 25 m
Curved surface area = πrl m²
= \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 25 × 7 m²= 550 m²

Rate of white-washing = ₹ 210 per 100 m²
Total cost of white-washing the tomb = ₹ (550 × \(\frac{210}{100}\)) = ₹ 1155

Question 7.
A joker’s cap is in the form of a right circular cone of base radius 7 cm and height 24 cm. Find the area of the sheet required to make 10 such caps.
Ans.
Radius of the cone (r) = 7 cm
Height of the cone (h) = 24 cm
Let l be the slant height
∴ l = \(\sqrt{\mathrm{h}^2+\mathrm{r}^2}\) = \(\sqrt{24^2+7^2}\)
= \( \sqrt{625} \) = 25 m

Sheet required for one cap = Curved surface of the cone
= πrl cm²
= \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 7 × 25 cm²
= 550 cm²

Sheet required for 10 caps = 550 × 10 cm² = 5500 cm²

Question 8.
A bus stop is barricaded from the remaining part of the road, by using 50 hollow cones made of recycled cardboard. Each cone has a base diameter of 40 cm and height 1 m. If the outer side of each of the cones is to be painted and the cost of painting is ₹ 12 per m2, what will be the cost of painting all these cones?
(Use n = 3.14 and take Vl.04 = 1.02)
Answer:
Radius of the cone (r) = \(\frac{40}{2}\) cm = 20 cm = 0.2 m
Height of the cone (h) = 1 m
Let l be the slant height of a cone.
l = \(\sqrt{\mathrm{h}^2+\mathrm{r}^2}\) = \(\sqrt{1^2+0.2^2}\)
= \( \sqrt{1.04} \) = 1.02 m

Rate of painting = ₹ 12 per m²
Curved surface of 1 cone = πrl m²
= (3.14 × 0.2 × 1.02) m² = 0.64056 m²

Curved surface of such 50 cones= (50 × 0.64056) m²= 32.028 m²
Cost of painting all these cones = ₹ (32.028 × 12) = ₹ 384.34

Jharkhand Board JAC Class 9 Maths Solutions Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 13.2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

JAC Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 13.2

Page-216

Question 1.
The curved surface area of a right circular cylinder of height 14 cm is 88 cm². Find the diameter of the base of the cylinder.
Answer:
Let r be the radius of the base and
h = 14 cm be the height of the cylinder.
Curved surface area of cylinder = 2πrh = 88 cm²
⇒ ⇒ 2 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × r × 14 = 88
⇒ r = \(\frac{88}{\left(2 \times \frac{22}{7} \times 14\right)}\) = 1 cm
⇒ r = 1 cm
Thus, the diameter of the base = 2π = 2 ×1 = 2 cm

Question 2.
It is required to make a closed cylindrical tank of height 1 m and base diameter 140 cm from a metal sheet. How many square metres of the sheet are required for the same?
Answer:
Let r be the radius of the base and h be the height of the cylinder.
Base diameter = 140 cm and Height (h) = 1 m

Radius of base (r) = \(\frac{140}{2}\) = 70 cm = 0.7 m
Metal sheet required to make a closed cylindrical tank = 2πr(h + r)
= (2 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 0.7) (1 + 0.7) m²
= (2 × 22 × 0.1 × 1.7) m² = 7.48 m²

Question 3.
A metal pipe is 77 cm long. The inner diameter of a cross section is 4 cm, the outer diameter being 4.4 cm (see Fig. ).

Find its
(i) inner curved surface area,
(ii) outer curved surface area,
(iii) total surface area.
Answer:
Let R be external radius and r be the internal radius and h be the length of the pipe.
R = \(\frac{4.4}{2}\) = 2.2 cm
r = \(\frac{4}{2}\) = 2 cm
h = 77 cm

(i) Inner curved surface
= 2πrh cm²
= 2 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 2 × 77 cm²
= 968 cm²

(ii) Outer curved surface
= 2πRh cm²
= 2 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 2.2 × 77 cm²
= 1064.8 cm²

(iii) Total surface area of a pipe = Inner curved surface area + outer curved surface area + areas of two bases
= 2πrh + 2πRh + 2π(R² – r²)
= [968 + 1064.8 + (2 × \(\frac{22}{7}\)) (4.84 – 4)] cm²
= (2032.8 + \(\frac{44}{7}\) × 0.84 7)
= (2032.8 + 5.28) cm²
= 2038.08 cm²

Page-217

Question 4.
The diameter of a roller is 84 cm and its length is 120 cm. It takes 500 complete revolutions to move once over to level a playground. Find the area of the playground in nr.
Answer:
Length of the roller (h) = 120 cm = 1.2 m
Radius of the roller (r) = \(\frac{88}{2}\) cm
= 42 cm = 0.42 m

Total no. of revolutions = 500
Distance covered by roller in one revolution = Curved surface area = 2πrh
= (2 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 42 × 1.2) m²
= 3.1680 m²

Area of the playground
= (500 × 3.168) m² = 1584 m²

Question 5.
A cylindrical pillar is 50 cm in diameter and 3.5 m in height. Find the cost of painting the curved surface of the pillar at the rate of ₹ 12.50 per m².
Ans. Radius of the pillar (r) = \(\frac{50}{2}\) = 25 cm = 0.25 m²
Height of the pillar (h) = 3.5 m.
Rate of painting = ₹ 12.50 per m²
Curved surface area
= 2πrh = (2 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 0.25 × 3.5) m²
= 5.5 cm²

Total cost of painting = (5.5 × 12.5) = ₹ 68.75

Question 6.
Curved surface area of a right circular cylinder is 4.4 m². If the radius of the base of the cylinder is 0.7 m, find its height.
Answer:
Let r be the radius of the base and h be the height of the cylinder.
Curved surface area = 2πrh = 4.4 m²
⇒ 2 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 0.7 × h = 4.4
⇒ h = \(\frac{4.4}{\left(2 \times \frac{22}{7} \times 0.7\right)}\) = 1 m

Question 7.
The inner diameter of a circular well is 3.5 m. It is 10 m deep. Find
(i) its inner curved surface area,
(ii) the cost of plastering this curved surface at the rate of ₹ 40 per m².
Answer:
Radius of circular well (r) = \(\frac{3.5}{2}\) m = 1.75 m
Depth of the well (h) = 10 m
Rate of plastering = ₹ 40 per m²

(i) Curved surface area = 2πrh
= (2 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 1.75 × 10) m²
= 110 m²

(ii) Cost of plastering = ₹ (110 × 40) = ₹ 4400

Question 8.
In a hot water heating system, there is a cylindrical pipe of length 28 m and diameter 5 cm. Find the total radiating surface in the system.
Answer:
Radius of the pipe (r) = \(\frac{5}{2}\) cm = 2.5 cm = 0.025 m²
Length of cylindrical pipe (h) = 28 m
Total radiating surface = Curved surface area of the pipe
= 2πrh
= (2 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 0.025 × 28) m²
= 4.4 m²

Question 9.
Find:
(i) the lateral or curved surface area of a closed cylindrical petrol storage tank that is 4.2 m in diameter and 4.5 m high.
(ii) how much steel was actually used, if \(\frac{1}{12}\) of the steel actually used was wasted in making the tank
Answer:
(i) Radius of the tank (r) = \(\frac{4.2}{2}\) m = 2.1 m
Height of the tank (h) = 4.5 m
Curved surface area = 2πrh m² = 2 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 2.1 × 4.5 7
= 59.4 m²

(ii) Total surface area of the tank = 2πr(r + h) m²
= [2 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 2.1 (2.1 + 4.5)] m²
= 87.12 m²

Let x be the actual steel used in making tank.
∴ (1 – \(\frac{1}{12}\)) × x = 87.12
⇒ x = 87.12 × \(\frac{12}{11}\) = 95.04 m²

Question 10.
In Fig., you see the frame of a lampshade. It is to be covered with a decorative cloth. The frame has a base diameter of 20 cm and height of 30 cm. A margin of 2.5 cm is to be given for folding it over the top and bottom of the frame. Find how much cloth is required for covering the lampshade.

Answer:
Radius of the frame (r) = \(\frac{20}{2}\) cm = 10 cm

Height of the frame (h) = 30 cm + 2 × 2.5 cm = 35 cm
(2.5 cm of margin will be added both sides in the height.)

Cloth required for covering the lampshade = curved surface area = 2πrh
= (2 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 10 × 35) cm² = 2200 cm²

Question 11.
The students of a Vidyalaya were asked to participate in a competition for making and decorating penholders in the shape of a cylinder with a base, using cardboard. Each penholder was to be of radius 3 cm and height 10.5 cm. The Vidyalaya was to supply the competitors with cardboard. If there were 35 competitors, how much cardboard was required to be bought for the competition?
Answer:
Radius of the penholder (r) = 3 cm
Height of the penholder (h) = 10.5 cm
Cardboard required by 1 competitor = CSA of one penholder + area of the base
= 2πrh + πr²
= [(2 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 3 × 10.5) + \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 3²] cm²
= 198 + \(\frac{198}{7}\)
= \(\frac{1584}{7}\) cm²

Cardboard required for 35 competitors = (35 × \(\frac{1584}{7}\)) cm² = 7920 cm²

Jharkhand Board JAC Class 9 Maths Solutions Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 13.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

JAC Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 13.1

Page-213

Question 1.
A plastic box 1.5 m long, 1.25 m wide and 65 cm deep is to be made. It is opened at the top. Ignoring the thick-ness of the plastic sheet, determine:
(i) The area of the sheet required for making the box.
(ii) The cost of sheet for it, if a sheet measuring 1 m² costs ₹ 20.
Answer:
Length of plastic box (l) = 1.5 m
Width of plastic box (b) = 1.25 m
Depth of plastic box (h) = 65 cm = 0.65 m
(i) The area of sheet required to make the box is equal to the surface area of the box excluding the top.
Surface area of the box
= Lateral surface area + Area of the base
= 2(l + b) × h + (l × b)
= 2[( 1.5 + 1.25) × 0.65] + (1.5 × 1.25)
= (3.575 + 1.875) m²= 5.45 m²
The sheet required to make the box is 5.45 m².

(ii) ∵ Cost of 1 m² of sheet = ₹ 20
∴ Cost of 5.45 m² of sheet = ₹ (20 x 5.45) = ₹ 109

Question 2.
The length, breadth and height of a room are 5 m, 4 m and 3 m respectively. Find the cost of white washing the walls of the room and the ceiling at the rate of ₹ 7.50 per m².
Answer:
Length of the room, l = 5 m
Breadth of the room, b = 4 m
Height of the room, h = 3 m
Area of four walls including the ceiling = 2(l + b) × h + (l × b)
= 2(5 + 4) × 3 + (5 × 4)
= (54 + 20) m² = 74 m²
Cost of white washing = ₹ 7.50 per m²
Total cost = ₹ (74 x 7.50) =₹ 555

Question 3.
The floor of a rectangular hall has a perimeter 250 m. If the cost of painting the four walls at the rate of 10 per m² is ₹ 15000, find the height of the hall.
[Hint: Area of the four walls = Lateral surface area.]
Ans. Perimeter of rectangular hall = 2(l + b) = 250 m
Total cost of painting = ₹ 15000
Rate per m² = ₹ 10
Area of four walls = 2(l + b) h
= (250 × h) m²
According to question,
(250 × h) × 10 = ₹ 15000
⇒ 2500 x h = ₹ 15000
⇒ h = \(\frac{15000}{2500}\) m
⇒ h = 6 m
Thus, the height of the hall is 6 m.

Question 4.
The paint in a certain container is sufficient to paint an area equal to 9.375 m². How many bricks of dimensions 22.5 cm x 10 cm x 7.5 cm can be painted out of this container?
Answer:
Area of paint
= 9.375 m² = 93750 cm² Dimensions of brick
= 22.5 cm × 10 cm × 7.5 cm Total surface area of a brick = 2(lb + bh + lh) cm²
=2(22.5 × 10+ 10 × 7.5+ 22.5 × 7.5) cm²
= 2(225 + 75 + 168.75) cm²
= 2 × 468.75 cm² = 937.5 cm²

Number of bricks which can be painted = 93750

Question 5.
A cubical box has each edge 10 cm and another cuboidal box is 12.5 cm long, 10 cm wide and 8 cm high.
(i) Which box has the greater lateral surface area and by how much?
(ii) Which box has the smaller total surface area and by how much?
Answer:
(i) Lateral surface area of cubical box of edge 10 cm = 4 × 102 cm² = 400 cm²
Lateral surface area of cuboidal box = 2(l + b) × h
= 2 × (12.5 + 10) × 8 cm²
= 2 × 22.5 × 8 cm² = 360 cm²

Thus, lateral surface area of the cubical box is greater by (400 – 360) cm² = 40 cm²

(ii) Total surface area of cubical box of edge 10 cm = 6 × 102 cm² = 600 cm²
Total surface area of cuboidal box = 2 (lb + bh + lh)
= 2(12.5 x 10+10 x 8 + 8 x 12.5) cm²
= 2(125 + 80 + 100) cm² = (2 × 305) cm² = 610 cm²
Thus, total surface area of cubical box is smaller by 10 cm².

Question 6.
A small indoor greenhouse (herbarium) is made entirely of glass panes (including base) held together with tape. It is 30 cm long, 25 cm wide and 25 cm high.
(i) What is the area of the glass?
(ii) How much of tape is needed for all the 12 edges?
Answer:
(i) Dimensions of greenhouse:
l = 30 cm, b = 25 cm, h = 25 cm
Total surface area of green house = 2(lb + bh + lh)
= 2(30 × 25 + 25 × 25 + 25 × 30) cm²
= 2(750 + 625 + 750) cm² = 4250 cm²

(ii) Length of the tape needed
= 4(l + b + h) = 4(30 + 25 + 25) cm = 4 × 80 cm = 320 cm

Question 7.
Shanti Sweets Stall was placing an order for making cardboard boxes for packing their sweets. Two sizes of boxes were required. The bigger of dimensions 25 cm × 20 cm × 5 cm and the smaller of dimensions 15 cm × 12 cm × 5 cm. For all the overlaps, 5% of the total surface area is required extra. If the cost of the cardboard is 4 for 1000 cm², find the
cost of cardboard required for supplying 250 boxes of each kind.
Answer:
Dimension of bigger box = 25 cm × 20 cm × 5 cm
Total surface area of bigger box = 2(lb + bh + lh)
= 2(25 × 20 + 20 × 5 + 25 × 5) cm² = 2(500 + 100 + 125) cm² = 1450 cm²

Dimension of smaller box = 15 cm × 12 cm × 5 cm
Total surface area of smaller box = 2(lb + bh + lh)
= 2(15 × 12 + 12 × 5 + 15 × 5) cm²
= 2(180 + 60 + 75) cm² = 630 cm²

Total surface area of 250 boxes of each type = 250(1450 + 630) cm²
= 250 × 2080 cm²
= 520000 cm²

Extra area required
= \(\frac{5}{100}\) × 520000 cm² = 26000 cm²

Total cardboard required =(520000 + 26000) cm² = 546000 cm²

Total cost of cardboard sheet = \(\frac{(546000 × 4)}{1000}\)

Question 8.
Parveen wanted to make a temporary shelter for her car, by making a box like structure with tarpaulin that covers all the four sides and the top of the car (with the front face as a flap which can be rolled up). Assuming that the stitch-ing margins are very small, and there fore negligible, how much tarpaulin would be required to make the shelter of height 2.5 m, with base dimensions m × 3 m?
Answer:
Dimensions of the box- like structure
= 4m × 3m × 2.5m
Tarpaulin only required for all the four sides and top.
Thus, tarpaulin required = 2(l + b) × h + lb
= [2(4 + 3) × 2.5 + 4 × 3] m²
= (35 + 12) m²
= 47 m²

Jharkhand Board JAC Class 9 Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Heron’s Formula Ex 12.2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

JAC Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Heron’s Formula Ex 12.2

Page-206

Question 1.
A parks, in the shape of a quadrilateral ABCD has ∠C = 90°, AB = 9 m, BC = 12 m, CD = 5 m and AD = 8 m. How much area does it occupy?

Answer:
∠C = 90°, AB = 9 m, BC = 12 m, CD = 5 m and AD = 8 m
BD is joined.
In ∆BCD,
By applying Pythagoras theorem,
BD² = BC² + CD²
⇒ BD² = 122 + 5²
⇒ BD² = 169
⇒ BD² = 169
⇒ BD = 13 m

Area of ΔBCD = 12 × 12 × 5 = 30 m²

Now,
Semi perimeter of ∆ABD
S = \(\frac{(8 + 9 + 13)}{2}\) m = \(\frac{30}{2}\) m = 15 m
Using Herons formula,
Area of ∆ABD = \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{15(15 -13)(15 – 9)(15 – 8)}\) m²
= \(\sqrt{l5x2x6x7 m²
= [latex]6 \sqrt{5}\) m²
= 35.5 m² (approx.)

Area of quadrilateral ABCD = Area of ∆BCD + Area of ∆ABD
= 30 m² +35.5 m²
= 65.5 m²

Question 2.
Find the area of a quadrilateral ABCD in which AB = 3 cm, BC = 4 cm, CD = 4 cm, DA = 5 cm and AC = 5 cm.
Answer:
AB = 3 cm, BC = 4 cm, CD = 4 cm, DA = 5 cm and AC = 5 cm

In ∆ABC,
Consider AC² = 5² = 25
and AB² + BC² = 3² + 4² = 25
∴ AC² = AB² + BC²
Thus, ∆ABC is right angled at B.
Area of ∆ABC = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 3 × 4 = 6 cm²
Now,
Semi perimeter of ∆ACD(s)
\(\frac{5+5+4}{2}\) cm = \(\frac{14}{2}\) cm = 7 cm

Using Herons formula,
Area of ∆ACD = \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{(7-5)(7-5)(7-4)}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{7×2×2×3}\) cm²
= \(2 \sqrt{2}\) cm²
= 9.17 cm² (approx.)

Area of quadrilateral ABCD
= Area of ∆ABC + Area of ∆ACD = 6 cm² + 9.17 cm² = 15.17 cm²

Question 3.
Radha made a picture of an aeroplane with coloured paper as shown in Fig. Find the total area of the paper used.

Answer:
Length of the sides of the triangle section I = 5 cm, 1 cm and 5 cm
Perimeter of the triangle = 5 + 5 + 1 = 11 cm
Semi perimeter = \(\frac{11}{2}\) cm = 5.5 cm

Using Heron’s formula,
Area of section I = \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{15.5(5.5 – 5)(5.5 – 5)(5.5 – 1)}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{5.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 × 4.5}\) cm²
= \(0.75 \sqrt{11}\) cm²
= 0.75 × 3.317 cm²
= 2.488 cm² (approx.)

Length of the sides of the rectangle of section II = 6.5 cm and 1 cm
Area of section II = 6.5 × 1 cm² = 6.5 cm²
Area of section III
Draw BE || AD such that ABED is a parallelogram (as AB || DE and AD || BE)
Also, draw BF ⊥ EC
Now, DE = AB = 1 cm and AD = BE = 1 cm (Opposite sides of parallelogram)
⇒ EC = DC – DE = 2 – 1 = 1 cm
⇒ BE = BC = EC = 1 cm
⇒ ∆BEC is an equilateral triangle.
∴ F is the mid point of EC.
⇒ EC = FC = \(\frac{1}{2}\) cm.

In ∆BFC, right angled at F
BC² = BF² + CF²
1² = BF² + (\(\frac{1}{2}\))²
BF² = 1 – \(\frac{1}{4}\) = \(\frac{3}{4}\)
⇒ BF = \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\) cm

So, Area of trapezium = \(\frac{1}{2}\) (sum of parallel sides) × height
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) (AB + CD) × BF
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) (1 + 2) \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
= \(\frac{3 \sqrt{3}}{4}\)
= 1.3 cm²

Section IV and V are 2 congruent right angled triangles with base 6 cm and height 1.5 cm
Area of region IV and V = 2 × \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 6 × 1.5 cm² = 9 cm²

Total area of the paper used = (2.488 + 6.5 + 1.3 + 9) cm² = 19.3 cm²

Question 4.
A triangle and a parallelogram have the same base and the same area. If the sides of the triangle are 26 cm, 28 cm and 30 cm, and the parallelogram stands on the base 28 cm, find the height of the parallelogram.

Answer:
Given,
Area of the parallelogram and triangle are equal.
Length of the sides of the triangle are 26 cm, 28 cm and 30 cm.
Perimeter of the triangle = 26 + 28 + 30 = 84 cm
Semi perimeter of the triangle 84
s = \(\frac{84}{2}\) cm = 42 cm

Using Heron’s formula,
Area of the triangle
= \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{42(42-26)(42-28)(42-30)}\)
= \(\sqrt{42×16×14×12}\) cm² = 336 cm²

Let height of parallelogram be h cm.
Area of parallelogram = Area of triangle
⇒ 28 × h = 336
⇒ h = \(\frac{336}{28}\) cm
⇒ h = 12 cm
The height of the parallelogram is 12 cm.

Page-207

Question 5.
A rhombus shaped field has green grass for 18 cows to graze. If each side of the rhombus is 30 m and its longer diagonal is 48 m, how much area of grass field will each cow be getting?

Answer:
Diagonal AC divides the rhombus ABCD into two congruent triangles of equal area.
Semi perimeter of ∆ABC = \(\frac{(30 + 30 + 48)}{2}\) m = 54 m

Using Herons formula,
Area of the ∆ABC
= \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{54(54-30)(54-30)(54-48)}\) m²
= \(\sqrt{54×24×24×6}\) m²
= 432 m²

Area of field = 2 × area of the ∆ABC
= (2 × 432) m² = 864 m²
Thus,
Area of grass field which each cow will be getting = \(\frac{864}{18}\) m² = 48 m²

Question 6.
An umbrella is made by stitching 10 triangular pieces of cloth of two different colours (see Fig.), each piece measuring 20 cm, 50 cm and 50 cm. How much cloth of each colour is required for the umbrella?

Answer:
Semi perimeter of each triangular piece
\(\frac{(50 + 50 + 20)}{2}\) cm
= \(\frac{120}{2}\) cm = 60 cm

Using Herons formula,
area of the triangular pieces of each colour
= \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{60(60 – 50)(60 – 50)(60 -20)}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{60×10×10×40}\) cm²
= \(200 \sqrt{6}\) cm²

Area of 5 triangular pieces = 5 × \(200 \sqrt{6}\) cm²
= \(1000 \sqrt{6}\) cm²
Hence, cloth require for each colour = \(1000 \sqrt{6}\) cm²

Question 7.
A kite in the shape of a square with a diagonal 32 cm and an isosceles triangle of base 8 cm and sides 6 cm each is to be made of three different shades as shown in Fig. How much paper of each shade has been used in it?

Answer:
We know that,
As the diagonals of a square bisect each other at right angle.
Area of square = \(\frac{1}{2}\) (diagonal)2
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 32 x 32 = 512 cm²
Area of shade I = \(\frac{1}{2}\) cm²

= 256 cm² = Area of shade II
So, area of paper required in each of shade
I and shade II = 256 cm² For the III section,
Length of the sides of triangle are 6 cm, 6 cm and 8 cm Semi perimeter of triangle (6 + 6 + 8)
s = cm = 10 cm
Using Herons formula,
Area of section III = \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
=\(\sqrt{10(10 – 6)(10 – 6)(10 – 8)}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{10×4×4×2}\) cm² = \(8 \sqrt{5}\) cm²
= 17.92 cm²

Hence paper needed for shade I = shade
II = 256 cm² paper needed for shade
III = 17.92 cm²

Question 8.
A floral design on a floor is made up of 16 tiles which are triangular, the sides of the triangle being 9 cm, 28 cm and 35 cm (see Fig.). Find the cost of polishing the tiles at the rate of 50p per cm².

Answer:
Semi perimeter of the each triangular shape = \(\frac{(28 + 9 + 35)}{2}\) cm = 36 cm

Using Herons formula,
Area of the each triangular shape
= \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{36(36 – 28)(36 – 9)(36 – 35)}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{36×8×27×1}\) cm² = \(36 \sqrt{6}\) cm²
= 88.2 cm²

Total area of 16 tiles
= 16 × 88.2 cm²= 1411.2 cm²
Cost of polishing tiles = 50 p per cm²
Total cost of polishing the tiles = ₹ (1411.2 × 0.5) = ₹ 705.6

Question 9.
A field is in the shape of a trapezium whose parallel sides are 25 m and 10 m. The non-parallel sides are 14 m and 13 m. Find the area of the field.

Answer:
Let ABCD be the given trapezium with parallel sides AB = 25 m and CD = 10 m and the non-parallel sides AD = 13 m and BC = 14 m.
Draw CM ⊥ AB and CE || AD.

In ∆BCE,
BC = 14 m, CE = AD = 13 m and BE = AB – AE = 25 – 10= 15 m
Semi perimeter of the ∆BCE = \(\frac{(15 + 13 + 14)}{2}\) cm = 21 cm
Using Heron’s ormula,
Area of the ∆BCF = \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{21(21 – 14)(36 – 13)(21 – 15)}\) m²
= \(\sqrt{21×7×8×6}\) m²
= 84 m²

Area of the ∆BCE = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × BE × CM = 84 m²
⇒ \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 15 × CM = 84
⇒ CM = \(\frac{168}{15}\) m
⇒ CM = \(\frac{56}{5}\) m

Area of the parallelogram AECD = Base × Altitude = AE × CM
= 10 × \(\frac{56}{5}\) = 112 m²

Area of the trapezium ABCD
= Area of AECD + Area of ∆BCE = (112 + 84) m²= 196 m²

Jharkhand Board JAC Class 9 Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles Ex 9.3 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

JAC Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles Ex 9.3

Page-162

Question 1.
In Fig, E is any point on median AD of a ∆ABC. Show that ar(∆ABE) = ar(∆ACE).

Answer:
Given, AD is median of ∆ABC. Thus, it will divide ∆ABC into two triangles of equal area.
∴ ar(ABD) = ar(ACD) …(i)
Also, ED is the median of ∆EBC.
∴ ar(EBD) = ar(ECD) ,..(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i),
ar(ABD) – ar(EBD) = ar(ACD) – ar(ECD)
⇒ ar(ABE) = ar(ACE)

Question 2.
In a triangle ABC, E is the mid-point of median AD. Show that ar(BED) = \(\frac{1}{4}\) ar(ABC).

Answer:
In ΔABD, E is a mid-point of AD
⇒ BE is the median
⇒ ar (BED) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ar (ABD) ……….(i)
[as median divides triangle into two triangles of equal area]
Also, in ΔABC, AD is the median
⇒ ar (ABD) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ar (ABC) ……….(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
ar (BED) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ar (ABD)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) [\(\frac{1}{2}\) ar (ABC)]
= \(\frac{1}{4}\) ar (ABC)
Therefore, ar (BED) = \(\frac{1}{4}\) ar (ABC)

Question 3.
Show that the diagonals of a parallelogram divide it into four triangles of equal area.
Answer:
O is the mid-point of AC and BD. (diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other)

In ΔABC, BO is the median.
∴ ar(AOB) = ar(BOC) ……….(i)
Also, in ΔBCD, CO is the median.
∴ ar(BOC) = ar(COD) ………(ii)
In ΔACD, OD is the median.
∴ ar(AOD) = ar(COD) …(iii)
In ΔABD, AO is the median.
∴ ar(AOD) = ar(AOB) …(iv)
From equations (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv),
ar(BOC) = ar(COD) = ar(AOD) = ar(AOB)
So, the diagonals of a parallelogram divide it into four triangles of equal area.

Question 4.
In Fig, ABC and ABD are two triangles on the same base AB. If line segment CD is bisected by AB at O, show that: ar(ABC) = ar(ABD).

Answer:
In ΔADC,
AO is the median. (CD is bisected by AB at O)
∴ ar(AOC) = ar(AOD) ………(i)
Also, in ABCD, BO is the median. (CD is bisected by AB at O)
∴ ar(BOC) = ar(BOD) ………(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii) we get,
ar(AOC) + ar(BOC) = ar(AOD) + ar(BOD)
∴ ar(ABC) = ar(ABD)

Page-163

Question 5.
D, E and F are respectively the mid-points of the sides BC, CA and AB of a ∆ABC. Show that
(i) BDEF is a parallelogram
(ii) ar(ΔDEF) = \(\frac{1}{4}\) ar(ABC)
(iii) ar(BDEF) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ar(ABC)

Answer:
(i) In ΔABC,
EF || BC and EF = \(\frac{1}{2}\) BC (by mid-point theorem)
⇒ EF || BD and EF = \(\frac{1}{2}\) BC
Also, BD = \(\frac{1}{2}\) BC (D is the mid-point)
So, BD = EF and EF || BD
Thus, a pair of opposite sides are equal in length and parallel to each other.
∴ BDEF is a parallelogram.

(ii) Similarly, DCEF and AFDE are parallelograms, (as in (i) part)
Diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two triangles of equal area.
∴ ar(∆BFD) = ar(∆DEF) (For parallelogram BDEF) ………..(i)
Also, ar(∆CDE) = ar(∆DEF) (For parallelogram DCEF) ……..(ii)
ar(∆AFE) = ar(∆DEF) (For parallelogram AFDE) ………….(iii)
From (i), (ii) and (iii)
ar(∆BFD) = ar(∆AFE) = ar(∆CDE) = ar(∆DEF)
⇒ ar(∆BFD) + ar(∆AFE) + ar(∆CDE) + ar(∆DEF) = ar(∆ABC)
⇒ 4 ar(∆DEF) = ar(∆ABC)
⇒ ar(DEF) = \(\frac{1}{4}\) ar(ABC)

(iii) Area (parallelogram BDEF) = ar(∆DEF) + ar(∆BDF)
⇒ ar(parallelogram BDEF) = ar(∆DEF) + ar(∆DEF) [∵ ar (DEF) = ar (BDF)]
⇒ ar(parallelogram BDEF) = 2 × ar(∆DEF)
⇒ ar(parallelogram BDEF) = 2 × \(\frac{1}{2}\) ar(∆ABC) [From (ii) part]
⇒ ar(parallelogram BDEF) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ar(∆ABC)

Question 6.
In Fig, diagonals AC and BD of quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O such that OB = OD. If AB = CD, then show that:
(i) ar(DOC) = ar(AOB)
(ii) ar(DCB) = ar(ACB)
(iii) DA || CB or ABCD is a parallelogram.
[Hint: From D and B, draw perpendiculars to AC.]

Answer:
Given: OB = OD and AB = CD
Construction: DE ⊥ AC and BF ⊥ AC are drawn.

Proof:
(i) In ∆DOE and ∆BOF,
∠DEO = ∠BFO (Perpendiculars)
∠DOE = ∠BOF (Vertically opposite angles)
OD = OB (Given)
Therefore, ∆DOE ≅ ∆BOF (by ∆AS congruence criterion)
Thus, DE = BF (By CPCT) ……….(i)

Also, ar(∆DOE) = ar(∆BOF) (Congruent triangles have equal area) ……….(ii)
Now, in ∆DEC and ∆BFA,
∠DEC = ∠BFA (Perpendiculars)
CD = AB (Given)
DE = BF (From (i))
Therefore, ∆DEC ≅ ∆BFA (by RHS congruence criterion)
Thus, ar(∆DEC) = ar(∆BFA) (Congruent triangles have equal area) ………(iii)
Adding (ii) and (iii),
ar(ADOE) + ar(ADEC) = ar(ABOF) + ar(ABFA)
⇒ ar(DOC) = ar(AOB)

(ii) ar(∆DOC) = ar(∆AOB)
(Adding ar(∆BOC) on both sides)
⇒ ar(∆DOC) + ar(∆DOC) = ar(∆AOB) + ar(∆BOC)
⇒ ar(∆DCB) = ar(∆ACD)

(iii) ar(∆DCB) = ar(∆ACB)
If two triangles are having same base and equal areas, these will be between same parallels
⇒ AB || CD ………..(iv)
So, AB = CD and AB || CD
For quadrilateral ABCD, a pair of opposite sides is equal and parallel.
Therefore, ABCD is parallelogram.

Question 7.
D and E are points on sides AB and AC respectively of ∆ABC such that ar(DBC) = ar(EBC). Prove that DE || BC.
Answer:
ADBC and AEBC are on the same base BC and also having equal areas. Therefore, they will lie between the same parallel lines.
Thus, DE || BC.

Question 8.
XY is a line parallel to side BC of a triangle ABC. If BE || AC and CF || AB meet XY at E and F respectively, show that: ar(∆ABE) = ar(∆ACF)

Answer:
Given: XY || BC, BE || AC and CF || AB
To show: ar(∆ABE) = ar(∆ACF)
Proof: EY || BC (XY||BC) ……..(i)
Also, BE || CY (BE || AC) ……….(ii)
From (i) and (ii),
BEYC is a parallelogram. (Both the pairs of opposite sides are parallel.)
Similarly, BXFC is a parallelogram.
Parallelograms on the same base BC and between the same parallels EF and BC.
⇒ ar(BEYC) = ar(BXFC) (Parallelograms on the same base BC and between the same parallels EF and BC) … (iii)
Also, ∆AEB and parallelogram BEYC are on the same base BE and between the same parallels BE and AC.
⇒ ar(∆AEB) = j ar(BEYC) …(iv)
Similarly, ∆ACF and parallelogram BXFC on the same base CF and between the same parallels CF and AB.
⇒ ar(A ACF) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ar(BXFC) …(v)
From (iii), (iv) and (v),
ar(∆AEB) = ar(∆ACF)

Question 9.
The side AB of a parallelogram ABCD is produced to any point P. A line through A and parallel to CP meets CB produced at Q and then parallelogram PBQR is completed (see Fig.). Show that: ar(ABCD) = ar(PBQR).

[Hint: Join AC and PQ. Now compare ar(ACQ) and ar(APQ).]
Answer:

AC and PQ are joined.
ar(∆ACQ) = ar(∆APQ) (On the same base AQ and between the same parallel lines AQ and CP)
⇒ ar(∆ACQ) – ar(∆ABQ) = ar(∆APQ) – ar(∆ABQ)
⇒ ar(∆ABC) = ar(∆QBP) …(i)
AC and QP are diagonals of ABCD and PBQR respectively.
Thus,
ar(ABC) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ar(ABCD) …(ii)
ar(QBP) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ar(PBQR) …(iii)
From (i), (ii) and (iii),
\(\frac{1}{2}\)ar(ABCD) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ar(PBQR)
⇒ ar(ABCD) = ar(PBQR)

Question 10.
Diagonals AC and BD of a trapezium ABCD with AB || DC intersect each other at O. Prove that ar(AOD) = ar(BOC).

Answer:
∆DAC and ∆DBC lie on the same base DC and between the same parallels AB and CD.
∴ ar(∆DAC) = ar(∆DBC)
⇒ ar(∆DAC) – ar(∆DOC) = ar(∆DBC) – ar(∆DOC)
⇒ ar(∆AOD) = ar(∆BOC)

Question 11.
In Fig, ABCDE is a pentagon. A line through B parallel to AC meets DC produced at F. Show that
(i) ar(ACB) = ar(ACF)
(ii) ar(AEDF) = ar(ABCDE)

Answer:
(i) ∆ACB and ∆ACF lie on the same base AC and between the same parallels AC and BF.
∴ ar(∆ACB) = ar(∆ACF)

(ii) ar(∆ACB) = ar(∆ACF)
⇒ ar(∆ACB) + ar(∆ACDE) = ar(∆ACF) + ar(∆ACDE)
⇒ ar(ABCDE) = ar(∆AEDF)

Page-164

Question 12.
A villager Itwaari has a plot of land of the shape of a quadrilateral. The Gram . Panchayat of the village decided to take over some portion of his plot from one of the corners to construct a Health Centre. Itwaari agrees to the above proposal with the condition that he should be given equal amount of land in lieu of his land adjoining his plot so as to form a triangular plot. Explain how this proposal will be implemented.

Answer:
Let ABCD be the plot of the land of the shape of a quadrilateral.
Construction:
Diagonal BD is joined. AE is drawn parallel to BD. BE is joined which intersects AD at O. ABCE is the shape of the original field and ∆AOB is the area for constructing health centre. Also, ADEO land joined to the plot.
To prove: ar(∆DEO) = ar(∆AOB)
Proof: ∆DEB and ∆DAB lie on the same base BD and between the same parallel lines BD and AE.
ar(∆DEB) = ar(∆DAB)
⇒ ar(∆DEB) – ar(∆DOB) = ar(∆DAB) – ar(∆DOB)
⇒ ar(∆DEO) = ar(∆AOB)

Question 13.
ABCD is a trapezium with AB || DC. A line parallel to AC intersects AB at X and BC at Y. Prove that ar(ADX) = ar(ACY). [Hint: Join CX.]
Answer:
Given: ABCD is a trapezium with AB || DC and XY || AC
To Prove: ar(ADX) = ar(ACY)
Construction: CX is joined.

Proof: ar(∆ADX) = ar(∆AXC) …(i)
(On the same base AX and between the same parallels AB and CD)
Also, ar(A AXC) = ar(A ACY) …(ii)
(On the same base AC and between the same parallels XY and AC.)
From (i) and (ii), ar(∆ADX) = ar(∆ACY)

Question 14.
In Fig, AP || BQ || CR. Prove that: ar(AQC) = ar(PBR).

Answer:
Given: AP || BQ || CR
To Prove: ar(AQC) = ar(PBR)
Proof: ar(∆AQB) = ar(APBQ) …(i)
(On the same base BQ and between the same parallels AP and BQ.)
Also, ar(ABQC) = ar(ABQR) …(ii)
(On the same base BQ and between the same parallels BQ and CR.)
Adding (i) and (ii),
ar(∆AQB) + ar(ABQC)
= ar(APBQ) + ar(ABQR)
⇒ ar(A AQC) = ar(A PBR)

Question 15.
Diagonals AC and BD of a quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O in such a way that ar(AOD) = ar(BOC). Prove that ABCD is a trapezium.
Answer:
Given: ar(∆AOD) = ar(ABOC)
To Prove: ABCD is a trapezium.
Proof: ar(∆AOD) = ar(ABOC) (Given)

= ar(ABOC) + ar(∆AOB)
⇒ ar(∆ADB) = ar(∆ACB)
Areas of ∆ADB and ∆ACB are equal. Therefore, they must lie between the same parallel lines.
Thus, AB || CD
Therefore, ABCD is a trapezium.

Question 16.
In Fig, ar(DRC) = ar(DPC) and ar(BDP) = ar(ARC). Show that both the quadrilaterals ABCD and DCPR are trapeziums.

Answer:
Given: ar(DRC) = ar(DPC) and ar(BDP) = ar(ARC)
To Prove: ABCD and DCPR are trapeziums.
Proof: ar (BDP) = ar (ARC) …(i) (Given)
ar (DPC) = ar (DRC) …(ii) (Given)
On subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
ar (BDP) – ar (DPC) = ar (ARC) – ar (DRC)
⇒ ar (BCD) = ar (ACD)
Therefore, they must lie between the same parallel lines.
Thus, AB || CD
Therefore, ABCD is a trapezium, also, ar(DRC) = ar(DPC).
Therefore, they must lie between the same parallel lines.
Thus, DC || PR
Therefore, DCPR is a trapezium.

Jharkhand Board JAC Class 9 Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Heron’s Formula Ex 12.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

JAC Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Heron’s Formula Ex 12.1

Page-202

Question 1.
A traffic signal board, indicating ‘SCHOOL AHEAD’, is an equilateral triangle with side ‘a’. Find the area of the signal board, using Heron’s formula. If its perimeter is 180 cm, what will be the area of the signal board?
Answer:
Length of the side of equilateral triangle = a
Perimeter of the signal board = 3a = 180 cm
∴ 3a = 180 cm ⇒ a = 60 cm
Semi perimeter of the signal board 3a
S = \(\frac{3a}{2}\)

Using Herons formula,
Area of the signal board
= \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{\left(\frac{3 a}{2}\right)\left(\frac{3 a}{2}-a\right)\left(\frac{3 a}{2}-a\right)\left(\frac{3 a}{2}-a\right)}\)
= \(\sqrt{\frac{3 a}{2} \times \frac{a}{2} \times \frac{a}{2} \times \frac{a}{2}}\)
= \(\sqrt{\frac{3 a^4}{16}}\)
= \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \) a²
= \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\) × 60 × 60
= 900 \( \sqrt{3} \) cm²

Question 2.
The triangular side walls of a flyover have been used for advertisements. The sides of the walls are 122 m, 22 m and 120 m (see Fig.). The advertisements yield an earning of ₹ 5000 per m2 per year. A company hired one of its walls for 3 months. How much rent did it pay?

Answer:
The sides of the triangle are 122 m, 22 m and 120 m.
Perimeter of the triangle is 122 + 22 + 120 = 264 m
Semi perimeter of triangle (s) = \(\frac{264}{2}\)
= 132 m
Using Herons formula,
Area of the advertisement
= \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{132(132-122)(132-22)(132-100)}\)
= \(\sqrt{132×10×110×12}\) m²
= 1320 m²
Rent of advertising per year = ₹ 5000 per m²
Rent of one wall for 3 months
= ₹ \(\frac{1320 \times 5000 \times 300}{12}\)
= ₹ 1650000

Page-203

Question 3.
There is a slide in a park. One of its side walls has been painted in some colour with a message “KEEP THE PARK GREEN AND CLEAN” (see Fig.). If the sides of the wall are 15 m, 11 m and 6 m, find the area painted in colour.

Answer:
Sides of the triangular wall are 15 m, 11 m and 6 m.
Semi perimeter of triangular wall
S = \(\frac{15+11+16}{2}\) m = 16 m
Using Herons formula,
Area of the wall = \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{16(16-15)(16-11)(16-6)}\) m²
= \(\sqrt{16×1×5×10}\) m²
= \( \sqrt{800} \) m²
=\(20 \sqrt{2} \) m²

Question 4.
Find the area of a triangle two sides of which are 18 cm and 10 cm and the pe-rimeter is 42 cm.
Answer:
Two sides of the triangle are 18 cm and 10 cm
Perimeter of the triangle = 42 cm
Third side of triangle = 42 – (18 + 10) = 14 cm
Semi perimeter of triangle = \(\frac{42}{2}\) = 21 cm
Using heron’s formula,
Area of the triangle
\(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{21(21 -18)(21 -10)(21 – 14)}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{21×3×11×7}\) cm²
=\(21 \sqrt{11} \) cm²

Question 5.
Sides of a triangle are in the ratio of 12 : 17 : 25 and its perimeter is 540 cm. Find its area.
Ans. Ratio of the sides of the triangle = 12 : 17 : 25
Let the sides be 12x, 17x and 25x
Perimeter of the triangle = 540 cm
12x + 17x + 25x = 540 cm
⇒ 54x = 540 cm
⇒ x= 10
Sides of triangle are,
12x = 12 × 10 = 120 cm
17x = 17 × 10 = 170 cm
25x = 25 × 10 = 250 cm

Semi perimeter of triangle, S = \(\frac{540}{2}\)cm = 270 cm
Using Herons formula,
Area of the triangle = \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{270(270 – 120)(270 – 170)(270 – 250)}\)
= \(\sqrt{270×150×100×20}\) cm²
= 9000 cm²

Question 6.
An isosceles triangle has perimeter 30 cm and each of the equal sides is 12 cm. Find the area of the triangle.
Answer:
Length of the equal sides =12 cm
Perimeter of the triangle = 30 cm
Length of the third side = 30 – (12 + 12) cm = 6 cm
Semi perimeter of the triangle
S = \(\frac{30}{2}\) cm = 15 cm
Using Heron’s formula,
Area of the triangle= \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{15(15 – 12) (15 – 12) (15 – 6)}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{15×3×3×9}\) cm²
=\(9 \sqrt{15} \) cm²

JAC Board Class 9th Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 3 Electoral Politics

→ Overview

• In a democracy, people do not govern directly. They govern through their elected representatives.
• Governing through elected representatives is the most common form of democracy.
• This chapter will develop understanding about the election of representatives, the need of elections and how to make elections democratic.
• It also involves examining the role of the Election Commission in ensuring free and fair elections.

→ Assembly Elections in Haryana

• Haryana had been ruled by Congress Party since 1982.
• Chaudhary Devi Lai was an opposition leader. He led a movement called Nyaya Yuddh (struggle for justice) and formed a new party ‘Lok Dal’.
• In election campaign of 1987 Assembly Elections, Devi Lai promised voters that if his party wins, he would waive the loans of farmers and small businessmen.
• The people were unhappy with existing government, they were attracted by Devi Lai’s promise. They voted in favour of Lok Dal and its partners won 76 out of 90 seats.
• Lok Dal alone won 60 seats and thus had a clear majority in the state legislative assembly.
• Congress got only 5 seats. As the election result was announced, the existing chief minister of congress resigned.
• The newly-elected members of Legislative Assembly of Lok Dal chose Devi Lai as their leader.
• The Governor of Haryana invited Devi Lai to be the new Chief Minister. After three days of election result, he took oath.
• Then his government issued a government order waiving the outstanding loans to small farmers, agricultural labourers and small businessmen.
• Lok Dal ruled the state for 4 years. In 1991 election, party did not win people’s support. This time, congress won the election and formed the government.

→ Why do we Need Elections?

• The mechanism by which people can choose their representatives at regular intervals and change them if they wish to do so is called Election.
• The elections are needed for any representative democracy because : (i) They solve problem of assessing people on the basis of education, knowledge or experience. (ii) They help in analysing that the people like their representatives or not. (iii) They ensure that the representatives rule as per the wishes of the people and make sure that those
• Who are not working for the people, do not remain their representatives.
• In an election, the voters make many choices.
• They can choose who will make laws for them.
• They can choose who will form the government and take major decisions.
• They can choose the party whose policies will guide the government and law-making.

→ What Makes an Election Democratic

• A simple list of the minimum conditions of a democratic election: (i) Everyone should be able to choose representative. (ii) There should be several candidates to choose from. (iii) The choice should be offered at regular ntervals. (iv) The candidate preferred by the people should get elected. (v) Elections should be conducted in a free and fair manner.

→ Is it Good to have Political Competition?

• Regular electoral competition provides incentives to political parties and leaders. They know that if they raise issues that people want to be raised, their popularity and chances of victory will increase in the next elections. But if they fail to satisfy the voters with their works they will not be able to win again.

→ What is Our System of Elections?

• In India, Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha (Assembly) elections are held regularly after every five years. This is known as general election.
• Sometimes, election is held only for one constituency to fill the vacancy caused by death or resignation of a member. This is known as by-election.

→ Electoral Constituencies

• The country is divided into different areas for election purposes. These areas are called electoral constituencies.
• For Lok Sabha elections, the country is divided into 543 constituencies. The representative elected from each constituency is called the Member of Parliament (MP)
• Each state is divided into a specific number of Assembly constituencies. In this case, the elected representative is called the Member of Legislative Assembly or an MLA.
• Each Parliamentry constituency has, within it, several assembly constituencies.For Panchayat and Municipal elections each village or town is divided into several ‘wards’, that are just like constituencies.

→ Reserved Constituencies

• Constituencies that are reserved for the weaker sections, i.e., for people belong to the scheduled castes (SC) and scheduled tribes(ST) are called Reserved Constituencies.
• Scheduled tribes can contest an election from a constituency reserved for SC/ST.
• In Lok Sabha, 84 seats are reserved for the Scheduled Castes and 47 for the Scheduled Tribes.
• In many states, seats in rural (Panchayat) and urban (municipalities and corporations) local bodies are now reserved for Other Backward Classes (OBC).
• One-third of the seats are reserved in rural and urban local bodies for women candidates.

→ Voters’ List

• In a democratic election, the list of those who are eligible to vote is prepared much before the election and given to everyone. This list is officially called the Electoral List and is commonly called as the Voters’ List.
• A complete revision of the list takes place every five years to ensure that it remains up to date.
• An EPIC (Election Photo Identity Card) has been given by the government to every person on the voters’ list. The voters are required to carry this card when they go out to vote so that no one can vote for someone else.

→ Nomination of Candidates

• Anyone who is a voter can also become a candidate in elections. The only difference to be a voter is that the minimum age to vote is 18 years, while to be a candidate in an election, the minimum age is 25 years.
• There are also some other restrictions on criminals but these apply in very extreme cases.
• Political parties nominate their candidates who get the party support and symbol. Party’s nomination is often called party ticket.
• The candidate has to fill a nomination form and give some amount as security deposit.
• Every candidate has to make a legal declaration, giving full detail of: (i) Educational qualifications of the candidate,(ii) Detail of the assets and liabilities of the candidate and his/her family, (iii) Serious criminal cases pending aganist the candidate.
• This information has to be made public.

→ Educational Qualifications for Candidates

• There is no educational qualification required for being an MP or an MLA. However, the relevant qualifications for candidates is the ability to understand peoples’ concerns, problems and to represent people’s interests.

→ Election Campaign

• In our country, election compaigning takes place for a two week period between the announcement of the final list of candidates and the date of polling.
• In election campaigns, political parties try to attract public attention on some big issues. They want to attract the public to that issue and get them to vote for their party on the basis.

→ Polling and Counting of Votes

• The day, when the voters cast or poll their vote is called the election day. Every person whose name is on the voters’ list go to a nearby polling booth and cast his/her vote through a secret ballot.
• Now, Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) are used to record votes, where voter presses button against the name of that candidate, in favour of whom he/she wants to cast his/ her vote.
• Once the polling is over, all the EVMs are sealed and taken to a secure place.
• A few days later, on a fixed date, all the EVMs are opened and the votes secured by each candidate are counted.
• The candidate who secures the highest number of votes from a constituency is declared elected.

→ What Makes Elections in India Democratic?

• There are many factors which ensure that elections held in India are democratic:

→ Independent Election Commission

• In our country, election are conducted by an independent and very powerful Election Commission. It enjoys the same kind of independence that the judiciary enjoys.
• Election Commission takes decisions on every aspect of conduct and control of election.
• Government officers on election duty, work under the control of Election Commission and not the government.

→ Popular Participation

• People’s participation in election is usually measured by voter turnout figures.
• In India, the poor, illiterate and under-privileged people vote in larger proportion as compared to the rich and privileged sections.

→ Acceptance of Election Outcome

• If elections are not free or fair, the outcome always favours the powerful. In such a situation, the rulling parties do not lose elections.
• Usually, losing party does not accept the outcome of a rigged election.
• Except some disputed elections, the electoral outcomes are usually accepted by the defeated party as people’s verdict.

→ Challenges to Free and Fair Elections

• Some candidates with criminal records are able to secure party tickets from major parties due to their political connections.
• Candidates and parties with a lot of money may not be sure of their victory, but they do enjoy an unfair advantage over smaller parties and independent candidates.
• Elections offer only little choice to ordinary citizens, all the major parties are quite similar to each other in policies and practice.
• Due to some challenges to free and fair election, there is demand of reforms in our electoral system by citizens, social activists and organisations.

→ Election: The mechanism by which people choose their representatives at regular intervals is called election.

→ Political party: A political party is an organized group of people who seek to capture political power through an election in order to run the affairs of a country; it often puts forward candidates for public office.

→ Constituency: Voters in a geographical area who elect representatives to the legislative bodies.

→ Factionalism: It refers to splitting up of a group in small factions. In this political concept, a group of persons form a minority in a larger group.

→ General election: In India, Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha (Assembly) elections are held regularly after every five years. This is known as general election.

→ By election: If a representative from a constituency dies while in office or if the office falls vacant because of reasons like resignation, fresh elections are held in that particular constituency. Such an election is called by election.

→ Electoral Constituencies: An area-based system of representation is followed where the country is divided into different areas for purpose of election. These are called electoral constituencies.

→ MP: Member of Parliament.

→ MLA: Member of Legislative Assembly.

→ Electoral Roll: it is the voters’ list prepared by a door to door survey to include only bonafide voters and minimise the role of bogus voters.

→ Universal Adult Franchise: Every Indian citizen of eighteen years and above has the right to vote, irrespective of caste, creed or sex.

→ Code of Conduct: A set of norms and guidelines to be followed by political parties and contesting condidates during election time.

→ Polling booth: A make shift place where people go to caste their votes on the election day.

→ EVM: Electronic Voting Machine. It is voting using electronic means to either aid or take care of the chores of casting and counting votes.

→ Rigging: Fraud and malpractices indulged by a party or candidate to increase its votes. It includes stuffing ballot boxes by a few persons using the votes of others; recording multiple votes by the same person; and bribing polling officers to favour a candidate.

→ Election Commission: The entire process of election in our country is -conducted, controlled and supervised by an independent body called the Election commission.

→ Turnout: The percentage of eligible voters who cast their votes in an election.

→ Rigged Election: Election on the basis of fraud or malpractices.

→ Incumbent: The Current holder of a political office. Usually, the choice for the voters in elections is between the incumbent party or candidate and those who oppose them.

→ Level Playing Field: Condition is which all parties and condidates contesting in an election have equal opportunities to appeal for votes and to carry out the elections campaign.

→ Election Manifesto: A document published by each political party before elections, containing the policies and programmes of the party.

JAC Class 9 Social Science Notes

Jharkhand Board JAC Class 9 Maths Solutions Chapter 10 Circles Ex 10.3 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

JAC Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 10 Circles Ex 10.3

Page-176

Question 1.
Draw different pairs of circles. How many points does each pair have in common? What is the maximum number of common points?
Answer:

So, maximum number of common points = 2

Question 2.
Suppose you are given a circle. Give a construction to find its centre.

Answer:
Steps of construction:
Step I: A circle is drawn.
Step II: Two chords AB and CD are drawn.
Step III: Perpendicular bisector of the chords AB and CD are drawn.
Step IV: Let these two perpendicular bisectors meet at a point. The point of intersection of these two perpendicular bisectors is the centre of the circle.

Question 3.
If two circles intersect at two points, prove that their centres lie on the perpendicular bisector of the common chord.

Answer:
Given: Two circles which intersect each other at P and Q.
To prove: 00′ is perpendicular bisector of PQ.
Proof: In ∆POO’ and ∆QOO’,
OP = OQ (Radii)
OO’ = 00′ (Common)
O’P = O’Q (Radii)
∆POO’ ≅ ∆QOO’
(SSS congruence criterion)
Thus,
∠POO’ = ∠QOO’ (CPCT) …(i)
In ∆POR and ∆QOR,
OP = OQ (Radii)
∠POR = ∠QOR (from i)
OR = OR (Common)
∴ ∆POR ≅ ∆QOR
(SAS congruence criterion)
Thus, PR = PQ (CPCT)
And, ∠PRO = ∠QRO (CPCT)
Also, ∠PRO + ∠QRO = 180° (Linear pair)
⇒ ∠PRO = ∠QRO = \(\frac{180°}{2}\) = 90°
Hence, OO’ is perpendicular bisector of PQ.

JAC Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Working of Institutions

JAC Class 9th Civics Working of Institutions InText Questions and Answers 

Activity (Page No. 58)

Question 1.
Which points, other than the ones mentioned above, do you recall about these institutions from the previous class? Discuss in class.
Answer:
Student do it yourself.

Question 2.
Can you think of a major decision made by your state government ? How were the Governor, the Council of Minister, the State Assembly and the courts involved in that decision?
Answer:
Student do it yourself.

Questions of Unni & Munni (Page No. 58)

Question 1.
Is every office Memorandum a major political decision? If not, what made this one different?
Answer:
No, every office Memorandum is not a major political decision. The special thing in this government order is that 27% reservation was provided to socially backward classes in government posts and services of the government of India through this order.

Question 2.
Now I can see clearly! That is why they talk of Mandalisation of politics. Don’t they? Answer:Yes, they talk of Mandalisation of politics.

Read the Cartoon (Page No. 59)

Question 1.
Reservation debate was such an important issue during 1990-91 that advertisers use this theme to sell their products. Can you spot some references to political events and debates in these Amul butter hoardings?
Answer:
‘Amul -the riot taste’ refers to the riots which took place when the reservation quota was made into a law. ‘Reserved for this outstanding Butter Classic’ which again refers to the reservation issue.

Check Your Progress (Page No. 60)

Question 1.
Who did what in this case of reservations for backward classes?

1. Supreme court	(a) Made formal announcement about this decision
2. Cabinet	(b) Implemented the decision by issuing an order
3. President	(c) Took the decision to give 27% job reservation
4.  Government Officials	(d) Upheld reservations as valid.

Answer:

1.Supreme court	(d) Upheld reservations as valid.
2. Cabinet	(c) Took the decision to give 27% job reservation
3. President	(a) Made formal announcement about this decision
4. Government Officials	(b) Implemented the decision by issuing an order

Questions of Unni & Munni (Page No. 60)

Question 1.
Which institutions are at work in the running of your school ? Would it be better if one person alone took all the decisions regarding management of your school?
Answer:

1. School Management Committee and Parents – Teachers Association both are at work in the running of my school.
2. No, it would not be better if one person alone took all the decisions regarding the management of our school.

Activity (Page No. 62)

Question 1.
When the Parliament is in session, there is a special programme everyday on Doordarshan about the proceedings in the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Watch the proceedings or read about it in the newspapers and note the following :
1. Powers of the two Houses of Parliament.
2. Role of the Speaker.
3. Role of the Opposition.
Answer:
1. Powers of the two houses of Parliament:
The Lok Sabha is directly elected by the people these enjoys the real powers on the behalf of people. The other house, i.e., the Rajya Sabha is indirectly elected by the people thus this House looks after the interests of various states, regions or federal units. The consent of both houses is required for passing any bill, making a law or making amendments to the constitution.

2. Role of the Speaker:
(a) He regulates the proceedings and debates in the House.
(b) He maintains the discipline in the House.
(c) He presides over its meetings.
(d) He puts questions to vote and exercises the casting of votes, in case of a tie.
(e) Supervises parliamentary conmittees.

3. Role of the Opposition:
(a) Opposition provides an opportunity to choose option.
(b) It highlights the mistakes done by government. ‘
(c) It forms the coalition government and always ready to withdraw the ruling party from the government.

Questions of Unni & Munni (Page No. 62)

Question 1.
What is the point in having so much debate and discussion in the Parliament when we know that the view of the ruling party is going to prevail?
Answer:
There is a need for so much dabate and discussion in parliament as positive and negative points related to many subjects are raised at the time of debate and discussion. Only then a decision is taken. Apart from this, people get information related to the subject on which the decision is to be taken and the general public also gets an opportunity to convey their views or objections to the ruling party.

Read the Cartoon (Page No. 65)

Question 1.
The race to become minister is not new. Here is a cartoon depicting ministerial aspirants waiting to get a berth in Nehru’s Cabinet after the 1962 elections. Why do you think political leaders are so keen to become ministers?
Answer:
Ministership is a position of power and influence. Political representation is all about acquiring position of power and influence. Once a person gets elected as people’s representative, he aspires to be appointed as a minister. It is the privilege of the Prime Minister to appoint any person as a minister.

Read the Cartoon (Page No. 66)

Question 1.
This cartoon depicts a cabinet meeting chaired by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in early 1970s, at the peak of her popularity. Do you think similar cartoons could be drawn about other Prime Ministers who followed her?
Answer:
The period after Indira Gandhi is the period of coalition politics. The rise of coalition politics has imposed certain constraints on the power of the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister of a coalition government cannot take decisions as he likes. He has to accommodate different groups and functions in his party as well as among alliance partners. Thus, similar cartoons could not be drawn about other Prime Ministers.

Activity (Page No. 66)

Question 1.
List the names of five Cabinet Ministers and their ministries each at the Union level
Answer:
(a) The names of five cabinet ministers and their ministries at the union level are given below and in your state.

Name	Ministries (portfolios)
1. Rajnath Singh	Ministry of Defence
2. Amit Shah	Ministry of Home Affairs
3. Nirmala Sitharaman	Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Corporate Affairs
4. Dr. Subrahmanyam Jaishankar	Ministry of External Affairs
5. Piyush Goyal	Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Commerce and Industry

(b) The names of five cabinet ministers and their ministries at the state level (Rajasthan) are given below.

Name	Ministries (portfolios)
1. Vishvendra Singh	Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Devasthan.
2. Raghu Sharma	Ministry of Medical & Health Services. Ministry of Informa¬tion & Public Relation.
3. Shanti Dhariwal	Ministry of Law & Legal Affairs and Legal Consultancy Office Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
4. Parsadi Lai Meena	Ministry of Industry, Ministry of State Enterprise
5. Pratap Singh	Ministry of Transport

Question 2.
Meet the Mayor or Municipal chairperson of your town or the President of Zila Parishad of your district and ask him/her about how the city, town or district is administered.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Questions of Unni & Munni (Page No. 67)

Question 1.
Why does this book refer to the President as ‘she’? Have we ever had a woman President in our country?
Answer:

1. The book refers to the president as she shows that the highest office in India can also be occupied by a woman.
2. Yes, we have had a woman president in our country. Pratibha Devi Singh Patil has been the only woman president of our country. She served as the 12th president (July 2007 to july 2012) in our country.

Question 2.
Did you protest when the book referred to the Prime Minister as “he’ ? Have we not had a women Prime Minister? Why should we assume that all the important positions are held by men ?
Answer:

1. No, I did not protest because recently we have a male Prime Minister.
2. Of course, we had a woman Prime Minister earliar, i.e., Indira Gandhi.
3. We should not assume that all important positions are held by men, women too can occupy high positions.

Question of Unni & Munni(page 68)

Question 1.
What is better for a democracy: A Prime Minister who can do whatever he wishes or a Prime Minister who needs to consult other leaders and parties?
Answer:
A Prime Minister has freedom of taking decisions but he should also seek the consultation of other leaders and parties on important issues would be a better Prime Minister for a democracy.

Check Your Progress (Page No. 68)

Question 1.
Eliamma, Annakutti and Marymol read the section on the President. Each of them had a question. Can you help them in answering these questions?

1. Eliamma:
What happens if the President and the Prime Minister disagree about some policy? Does the view of the Prime Minister always prevail?

2. Annakutti:
I find it funny that the President is the supreme commander of armed forces. I doubt if the President can even lift a heavy gun. What is the point in making the President the Commander?

3. Marymol:
I would say, what is the point in having a President at all if all the real powers are with the Prime Minister?
Answer:
1. (a) In the event of no consensus between the president and the Prime Minister on a policy, the view of the Prime Minister will always be prevail. He should get majority support on it.

(b) If the Prime Minister loses majority support in parliament, then in such a situation the president is free to take a decision at his discretion. He can also sack the government it he wants.

2. The president has the power of a pen, not a weapon, which he commands, while the heads of the three wings of the armies have weapons with which they obey the order. The weapon has less power than a pen. The president gets most of the information related to the security of the country through the cabinet. Therefore it is appropriate to make the president the commander of the armed forces, with this, the public has indirect control over the armed forces.

3. The president represents the supreme power of the country many times in serious circumstances, the president himself decides in the national interest by exercising real powers. He can exercise his rights when required. For example when a Prime Minister loses his majority in parliament, the real powers at the executive are exercised by the president. In the absence of this post. In such a situation the possibility of anarchy in the country may arise.

Read the Image (Page No. 69)

Question 1.
It is quite common in the US for judges to be nominated on the basis of well-known political opinions and affiliations. This fictitious advertisement appeared in the US in 2005 when President Bush was considering various candidates for nomination to the US Supreme Court?
1. What does this cartoon say about the independence of the judiciary?
2. Why do such cartoons not appear in our country?
3. Does this demonstrate the independence of our judiciary?
Answer:
1. The given cartoon shows that in the appointment of judges in the US supreme court their political views and their thinking towards the party are based. If a person is associated with the president in whether or not he has the requisite qualifica¬tions and experience, he can be appointed as a judge. Therefore it can be said that the judiciary in the united states does not function impartially.

2. Such cartoons did not appear in our country because the indian judiciary is one of the most independent and impartial judiciary in the world. The judges of supreme court of India or High Court etc. never say a word in praise of the ruling or other political parties or in praise of the Prime Minister or the president. They have no meaning with political ideologies.

3. Yes, this demonstrates the independence of our judiciary.

Activity (Page No. 69)

Question 1.
Follow the news about any major court case in a High Court or the Supreme Court. What was the original verdict? Did the High Court or the Supreme Court change it? What was the reason?
Answer:
Student do it yourself.

Questions of Unni & Munni (Page No. 70)

Question 1.
Why are people allowed to go to courts against the government’s decisions?
Answer:
The citizens have a right to approach the courts to seek remedy in case of any violation of their rights.

Check Your Progress (Page No. 70)

Question 1.
Give one reason each to argue that Indian judiciary is independent with respect to:
1. Appointment of judges,
2. Removal of judges,
3. Powers of the judiciary.
Answer:
1. The judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts are appointed by the President of India, on the recommendation of the Prime Minister and in consultation with the Chief Justice of India. Seniority and merit are the main basis for appointment of judges and judges are chosen on this basis.

2. A judge can be removed only by an impeachment motion passed separately by two thirds members of the two Houses of the Parliament. Once a person is appointed as judge it is nearly impossible to remove him or her from that position.

3. The supreme court has the power to declare illegal any law made by parliament if it goes against the constitution. The judiciary when brought before it, can investigate any action of the executive in relation to’its constitutionality.

JAC Class 9th Civics Working of Institutions Textbook Questions and Answers 

Question 1.
If you are elected as the President of India, which of the following decision can you take on your own ?
(a) Select the person you like as Prime Minister.
(b) Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in Lok Sabha.
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.
(d) Nominate the leaders of your choice to the council of Ministers.
Answer:
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.

Question 2.
Who among the following is a part of the political executive?
(a) District collector
(b) Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs
(c) Home Minister
(d) Director General of Police
Answer:
(c) Home Minister

Question 3.
Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false?
(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court.
(b) Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the constitution.
(c) Judiciary is independent of the Executive.
(d) Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated.
Answer:
(a) Every It v passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court.

Question 4.
Which of the following institutions can make changes to an existing law of the country?
(a) The Supreme ourt
(b) The President
(c) The Prime Minister
(d) The Parliament
Answer:
(d) The Parliament

Question 5.
Match the ministry with the news that the ministry may have released.

(a) A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the country.	1. Ministry of Defence
(b) Telephone services will be made more accessible to rural areas.	2. Ministry of Health
(c) The price of rice and wheat sold under the Public Distribution system will go down.	3. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution
(d) A pulse polio campaign will be launched.	4. Ministry of Commerce and Industry
(e) The allowances of the soldiers posted on	5. Ministry of Communication and high altitudes will be increased. Information Technology

Answer:

(a) A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the country.	4. Ministry of Commerce and Industry
(b) Telephone services will be made more accessible to rural areas.	5. Ministry of Communication and high altitudes will be increased. Information Technology
(c) The price of rice and wheat sold under the Public Distribution system will go down.	3. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution
(d) A pulse polio campaign will be launched.	2. Ministry of Health
(e) The allowances of the soldiers posted on	1. Ministry of Defence

Question 6.
Of all the institutions that we have studied in this chapter, name the one that exercises the powers on each of the following matters:
(a) Decision on allocation of money for developing infrastructure like roads, irrigation, etc., and different welfare activities for the citizens.
(b) Considers the recommendation of a committee on a law to regulate the stock exchange.
(c) Decides on a legal disputes between two state governments.
(d) Implements the decision to provide relief for the victims of an earthquake.
Answer:
(a) Parliament,

(b) Parliament,

(c) The Judiciary,

(d) Executive.

Question 7.
Why is the Prime Minister in India not directly elected by the people? Choose the most appropriate answer and give reasons for your choice.
(a) In a Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister.
(b) Lok Sabha can remove the Prime Minister and the Council of Minister even before the expiry of their term.
(c) Since the Prime Minister is appointed by the President there is no need for it.
(d) Direct election of the Prime Minister will involve lot of expenditure on election.
Answer:
The most appropriate answer is option ‘(a)’. Reason The Indian constitution provides for a system of parliamentary democracy. In which it is arranged that the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha will be naminated as the Prime Minister by the President, rather than directly electing the Prime Minister.

Question 8.
Three friends went to watch a film that showed the hero becoming Chief Minister for a day and making big changes in the state. Imran said this is what the country needs. Rizwan said this kind of a personal rule without institutions is dangerous. Shankar said all this is a fantasy. No minister can do anything in one day. What would be your reaction to such a film?
Answer:
My reaction about such film would be as follows film is based on both idealism and actual situation. The problems shown in the film are real but solutions mentioned are baxed, on the ideal, but all the work done by the hero playing the role of chief minister is within the limits of the institution. The hero is shown to be acting impractically as the chief minister. But if it can actually happen, then it is true. Our country needs similar leaders at this time.

Question 9.
A teacher was making preparations for a mock parliament. She called two students to act as leaders of two political parties. She gave them an option : Each one could choose to have a majority either in the mock Lok Sabha or in the mock Rajya Sabha. If this choice was given to you, which one would you choose and why?
Answer:
If such an option is presented to me, then I will accept the option of the leader of the majority party of the Lok Sabha because Lok Sabha is more powerful than Rajya Sabha. all decisions are taken by the Lok Sabha itself. Apart from this the leader of this house is elected by the members of the Lok Sabha and the person who has a majority in the Lok Sabha is appointed Prime Minister by the Presidents and his government is formed.

Question 10.
After reading the example of the reservation order, three sutdents had different reactions about the role of the judiciary. Which view, according to you, is a correct reading of the role of judiciary?
(a) Srinivas argues that since the Supreme Court agreed with the government, it is not independent.

(b) Anjaiah says that judiciary is independent because it could have given a verdict against the government order. The Supreme Court did direct the government to modify it.

(c) Vijaya thinks that the judiciary is neither independent nor conformist, but acts as a mediator between opposing parties. The court struck a good balance between those who supported and those who opposed the order.
Answer:
(b) The view of Anjaiah is correct regarding of the role of the judiciary.

JAC Class 9 Social Science Solutions

Jharkhand Board JAC Class 9 Sanskrit Solutions Shemushi Chapter 7 प्रत्यभिज्ञानम् Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

JAC Board Class 9th Sanskrit Solutions Shemushi Chapter 7 प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्

JAC Class 9th Sanskrit प्रत्यभिज्ञानम् Textbook Questions and Answers

1. एकपदेन उत्तरं लिखत-(एक शब्द में उत्तर लिखिए-)
(क) कः उमावेषमिवाश्रितः भवति? (उमा का वेष धारण कर कौन रहता है?)
उत्तरम् :
हरः। (शिव।)

(ख) कस्याः अभिभाषण कौतूहलं महत् भवति? (किसकी बोलने की इच्छा अधिक होती है? )
उत्तरम् :
बृहन्नलायाः। (बृहन्नला की।)

(ग) अस्माकं कुले किमनुचितम्? (हमारे कुल में क्या अनुचित है?)
उत्तरम् :
आत्मस्तवम्। (अपनी सराहना करना।)

(घ) कः दर्पप्रशमनं कर्तुमिच्छति? (दर्प प्रदर्शन को शान्त कौन करना चाहता है?)
उत्तरम् :
राजा।

(ङ) कः अशस्त्रः आसीत? (नि:शस्त्र कौन था?)
उत्तरम् :
भीमसेनः। (भीमसेन ।)

(च) कया गोग्रहणम् अभवत्? (गोग्रहण किससे हुआ?)
उत्तरम् :
दिष्ट्या । (सौभाग्य से।)

(छ) कः ग्रहणं गतः आसीत्? (कौन पकड़ा गया था?)
उत्तरम् :
अभिमन्युः।

2. अधोलिखितानां प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि संस्कृतभाषया लिखत-
(निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर संस्कृत भाषा में लिखिए-)
(क) भटः कस्य ग्रहणम् अकरोत्?
(भट (सैनिक) ने किसको पकड़ा?)
उत्तरम् :
भटः (सैनिक:) सुभद्रानन्दनस्य अभिमन्योः ग्रहणमकरोत्।
(भट (सैनिक) ने सुभद्रानन्दन अभिमन्यु को पकड़ा।)

(ख) अभिमन्युः कथं गृहीतः आसीत् ?
(अभिमन्यु कैसे पकड़ा गया?)
उत्तरम् :
अभिमन्युः अशस्त्रेण भीमेन बाहुभ्यां गृहीतः आसीत्।
(अभिमन्यु शस्त्र के बिना भीम द्वारा भुजाओं से पकड़ा गया।)

(ग) कः वल्लभ बृहन्नलयोः प्रश्नस्य उत्तरं न ददाति?
(वल्लभ और बृहन्नला के प्रश्न का उत्तर कौन नहीं देता है?)
उत्तरम् :
अभिमन्युः वल्लभ बृहन्नलयोः प्रश्नस्य उत्तरं न ददाति।
(अभिमन्यु वल्लभ और बृहन्नला के प्रश्न का उत्तर नहीं देता।)

(घ) अभिमन्युः स्वग्रहणे किमर्थम् वञ्चितः इव अनुभवति?
(अभिमन्यु अपने पकड़े जाने में क्यों छला हुआ जैसा अनुभव करता है?)
उत्तरम् :
अभिमन्युः शस्त्रहीने न प्रहरति शस्त्रहीनश्च भीमसेनः तं गृहीतवान्। अत एव अभिमन्युः वञ्चितः इव अनुभवति।
(अभिमन्यु शस्त्रहीन पर प्रहार नहीं करता है और शस्त्रहीन भीमसेन ने उसे पकड़ लिया। इसलिए ही अभिमन्यु छला हुआ जैसा अनुभव करता है।)

(ङ) कस्मात् कारणात् अभिमन्युः गोग्रहणं सुखान्तं मनुते? (अभिमन्यु गायों के अपहरण को सुखान्त क्यों मानता है?)
उत्तरम् :
गोग्रहणेन तस्य पितरो दर्शिताः, अतः स गोग्रहणं सुखान्तं मनुते ।(गायों के अपहरण के द्वारा उसके पिता, चाचा, ताऊ के दर्शन करा दिये गये हैं, अत: वह गायों के अपहरण को सुखान्त मानता है।)

3. अधोलिखितवाक्येषु प्रकटितभावं चिनुत- (निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में प्रकट होने वाले भाव को चुनिये-)
(क) भोः को नु खल्वेषः? येन भुजैकनियन्त्रितो बलाधिकेनापि न पीडितः अस्मि। (विस्मयः, भयम्, जिज्ञासा)
(अरे वास्तव में यह कौन है? जिसके द्वारा एक भुजा से संयत किया हुआ अधिक बल होने पर भी मैं पीड़ित नहीं हूँ।)
(ख) कथं कथम्! अभिमन्यु माहम्? (आत्मप्रशंसा, स्वाभिमानः, दैन्यम्) (क्या, क्या। मैं अभिमन्यु नाम का हूँ?)
(ग) कथं मां पितृवदाक्रम्य स्त्रीगतां कथां पृच्छसे? (लज्जा, क्रोधः, प्रसन्नता)
(कैसे मुझ पर पिता की तरह अधिकार जमाकर स्त्री विषयक समाचार पूछते हो?)
(घ) धनुस्तु दुर्बलैः एव गृह्यते मम तु भुजौ एव प्रहरणम्।
(धनुष तो दुर्बल ग्रहण करते हैं मेरी तो दो भुजाएँ ही शस्त्र हैं।)
(ङ) बाहुभ्यामाहृतं भीमः बाहुभ्यामेव नेष्यति। (आत्मविश्वासः, निराशा, वाक्संयमः)
(दो भुजाओं से उतारा था, भीम दो भुजाओं से ही ले जायेगा।)
(च) दिष्ट्या गोग्रहणं स्वन्तं पितरो येन दर्शिताः। (क्षमा, हर्षः धैर्यम्) ।
(भाग्यवश गायों का अपहरण सुखान्त हुआ, जिससे पितरों के दर्शन हो गये।)
उत्तरम् :
(क) विस्मयः
(ख) स्थापमानः
(ग) क्रोधः
(घ) शौर्यम्
(ङ) आत्मविश्वासः
(च) हर्षः।

4. यथास्थानं रिक्तस्थानपूर्तिं कुरुत-(यथास्थान रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए-)
(क) खलु + एषः =……………
(ख) बल + ………..+अपि = बलाधिकेनापि
(ग) विभाति +……………= विभात्युमावेषम्।
(घ)…………. + एनम् = वाचालयत्वेनम्
(ङ) रुष्यति + एषः = …………….
(च) त्वमेव + एनम् = ……………..
(छ) यातु + ………………= यात्विति।
(ज) ………….. + इति = धनञ्जयायेति
उत्तरम् :
(क) खलु + एषः = खल्वेषः
(ख) बल + अधिकेन + अपि = बलाधिकेनापि
(ग) विभाति + उमावेषम् = विभात्युमावेषम्
(घ) वाचालयतु + एनम् = वाचालयत्वेनम्
(ङ) रुष्यति + एषः = रुष्यत्येषः
(च) त्वमेव + एनम् = त्वमेवैनम्
(छ) यातु + इति = यात्विति
(ज) धनञ्जयाय + इति = धनञ्जयायेति

5. अधोलिखितानि वचनानि कः कं प्रति कथयति?
(निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को कौन किससे कहता है?)
यथा – आर्य, अभिभाषणकौतूहलं मे महत्

उत्तरम् :

6. अधोलिखितानि स्थूलानि सर्वनामपदानि कस्मै प्रयुक्तानि?
(नीचे लिखे मोटे छपे सर्वनाम शब्दों का प्रयोग किसके लिए किया गया है?)
(क) वाचालयतु एनम् आर्यः।
(ख) किमर्थं तेन पदातिना गृहीतः?
(ग) कथं न माम् अभिवादयसि?
(घ) मम तु भुजौ एव प्रहरणम्।
(ङ) अपूर्व इव ते हर्षो ब्रूहि केन विस्मितः?
उत्तरम् :
(क) अभिमन्युम्
(ख) भीमसेनेन
(ग) राजानम्
(घ) भीमसेनस्य
(ङ) भटस्य।

7. (अ) श्लोकानाम् अपूर्णः अन्वयः अधोदत्तः। पाठमाधृत्य रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत
(श्लोकों का अधूरा अन्वय नीचे दिया है। पाठ के आधार पर रिक्तस्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए-)
(क) पार्थं पितरं मातुलं …………… च उद्दिश्य कृतास्त्रस्य तरुणस्य …………….. युक्तः ।
(ख) कण्ठश्लिष्टेन ……….. जरासन्धं योक्त्रयित्वा तत् असा………… कृत्वा (भीमेन) कृष्णः अतदर्हतां नीतः।
(ग) रुष्यता …………. रमे। ते क्षेपेण न रुष्यामि, किं ………… अहं नापराद्धः, कथं (भवान्) तिष्ठति, यातु इति।
(घ) पादयोः निग्रहोचितः समुदाचारः…………. । बाहुभ्याम् आहतम् (माम्) …………. बाहुभ्याम् एव नेष्यति।
उत्तरम् :
(क) जनार्दनम्, युद्धपराजयः
(ख) बाहुना, कर्म
(ग). भवता, उक्त्वा
(घ) क्रियताम्, भीमः।

(आ) अधोलिखितेभ्यः पदेभ्यः उपसर्गान् विचित्य लिखत –
(नीचे लिखे पदों से उपसर्गों को चनकर लिखो-)

JAC Class 9th Sanskrit प्रत्यभिज्ञानम् Important Questions and Answers

प्रश्न: 1.
भटः कथं हर्षितः विस्मितः च आसीत्? (भट क्यों प्रसन्न और आश्चर्यचकित था?)
उत्तरम् :
सौभद्रो ग्रहणं गतः, अनेन कारणेन स हर्षितः विस्मितः चासीत्। (अभिमन्यु पकड़ा गया, इस कारण से वह प्रसन्न और आश्चर्यचकित था।)

प्रश्न: 2.
उमावेषमाश्रितो हरः इव कः विभाति? (पार्वती के वेष का आश्रय लिए शिव की तरह कौन शोभित है?)
उत्तरम् :
उमावेषमाश्रित्य हरः इव अर्जुनः शोभते। (पार्वती के वेष का आश्रय लिये शिव की तरह अर्जुन शोभा देता है।)

प्रश्न: 3.
अभिमन्युः किं विचिन्त्यात्मानं तिरस्कृतम् अनुभवति? (अभिमन्यु क्या सोचकर अपने को तिरस्कृत अनुभव करता है?)
उत्तरम् :
स चिन्तयति यद् अहं शत्रुवशं गतः अतएव तिरस्कृतम् अनुभवति। (वह सोचता है कि मैं शत्रु के वश में पड़ गया हूँ, इसीलिए तिरस्कृत अनुभव करता है।)

प्रश्न: 4.
कः कम् अपृच्छत्-अपि कुशली देवकीपुत्रः केशव? इति ? (क्या देवकी पुत्र कृष्ण कुशल हैं? यह प्रश्न किसने किससे पूछा?)
उत्तरम् :
अपि कुशली देवकीपुत्रः केशवः? इति बृहन्नला (अर्जुनः) अभिमन्युमपृच्छत्। (क्या देवकी पुत्र कृष्ण कुशल हैं? यह बृहन्नला (अर्जुन) ने अभिमन्यु से पूछ।)

प्रश्न: 5.
सौभद्रानुसारेण कुरुकुले किं कर्तुमनुचितम्? (अभिमन्यु के अनुसार कुरुकुल में क्या करना अनुचित है?)
उत्तरम् :
सौभद्रानुसारेण कुरुकुले आत्मस्तवम् अनुचितम्। (अभिमन्यु के अनुसार कुरुकुल में आत्मप्रशंसा करना अनुचित है।)

प्रश्नः 6.
अभिमन्युः भीमं कथं न प्राहरत्?(अभिमन्यु ने भीम पर प्रहार क्यों नहीं किया?)
उत्तरम् :
भीमः अशस्त्रः आसीत्। अतः स तं न प्राहरत्। (भीम शस्त्रहीन था। इसलिए उसने उस पर प्रहार नहीं किया।)

प्रश्नः 7.
भीमसेनेन कृष्णः अतदर्हतां कथं नीतः? (भीमसेन कृष्ण को अयोग्यता की ओर कैसे ले गया?)
उत्तरम् :
भीमसेनेन जरासन्धं हत्वा कृष्णः अतदर्हतां नीतः यतः कृष्णः (स्वयं) तं हन्तुमैच्छत्। (भीमसेन जरासन्ध को मारकर कृष्ण को अयोग्यता की ओर ले गया, क्योंकि कृष्ण (स्वयं) उसको मारना चाहते थे।)

प्रश्न: 8.
‘प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्’ इति नाट्यांशे नरेन्द्रेण महानसे कः नियुक्तः आसीत् ? (‘प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्’ नाट्यांश में राजा द्वारा रसोई में किसे नियुक्त किया था?)
उत्तरम् :
महानसे वल्लभवेषधारी भीमसेनः नियुक्त आसीत्। (रसोई में वल्लभ का वेष धारण किया भीमसेन नियुक्त कर रखा था?)

प्रश्न: 9.
अभिमन्युः कथं केन गृहीतः? (अभिमन्यु कैसे किसने पकड़ा?)
उत्तरम् :
अभिमन्युः भीमसेनेन रथमासाद्य बाहुभ्याम् गृहीतः। (अभिमन्यु भीमसेन द्वारा रथ के पास जाकर भुजाओं से पकड़ा गया।)

प्रश्न: 10.
अभिमन्युः तिरस्कारस्य किं कारणं चिन्तयति? (अभिमन्यु तिरस्कार का क्या कारण सोचता है?)
उत्तरम् :
अहं शत्रुवशंगत: अतः नामाभिः अभिभाष्ये तिरस्क्रिये च। (मैं शत्रु के काबू में हूँ? अतः नाम लेकर बोला जा रहा है तथा तिरस्कार किया जा रहा है।)

प्रश्न: 11.
सावज्ञं कः हस्यते? (अवज्ञापूर्वक किस पर हँसा जा रहा है?)
उत्तरम् :
सावज्ञं अभिमन्युः हस्यते। (अभिमन्यु पर अवज्ञा के साथ उपहास किया जाता है।)

प्रश्न: 12.
‘अहम् अस्य दर्पशमनं करोमि’ इति कस्य वचनम्? (मैं इसका घमण्ड शान्त करूंगा। यह किसका वचन है?)
उत्तरम :
अहम् अस्य दर्पशमनं करोमि इति राज्ञ वाक्य। (मैं इसका दर्प शान्त करता हूँ? यह राजा का वाक्य है।) रेखांकितानि पदानि आधृत्य प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत-(रेखांकित शब्दों को आधार पर प्रश्ननिर्माण कीजिए-)

प्रश्न: 1.
सौभद्रो ग्रहणं गतः। (सुभद्रासुत पकड़ा गया।) उत्तरम् : कः ग्रहणं गतः? (कौन पकड़ा गया?)

प्रश्न: 2.
एष नरेन्द्रेण विनियुक्तो महानसे। (यह राजा द्वारा रसोई में नियुक्त किया गया है।)
उत्तरम् :
एषः नरेन्द्रेण कुत्र नियुक्तः? (यह राजा द्वारा कहाँ नियुक्त किया गया?)

प्रश्न: 3.
बृहन्नला वल्लभौ परस्परम् अवलोकयतः। (बृहन्नला और वल्लभ आपस में देखते हैं।)
उत्तरम् :
कौ परस्परम् अवलोकयतः? (कौन आपस में देखते हैं ?)

प्रश्न: 4.
अस्माकं कुले आत्मस्तवं कर्तुमनुचितम्। (हमारे कुल में अपनी प्रशंसा करना अनुचित है।)
उत्तरम् :
अस्माकं कुले किम् कर्तुम् अनुचितम्? (हमारे कुल में क्या करना अनुचित है?)

प्रश्न: 5.
धनुस्तु दुर्बलैः एव गृह्यते। (धनुष तो दुर्बलों द्वारा ही ग्रहण किया जाता है।)
उत्तरम् :
धनुस्तु कैः एव गृह्यते? (धनुष किसके द्वारा ही ग्रहण किया जाता है?)

प्रश्नः 6.
भीमस्य भुजौ एव प्रहरणम्। (भीम की तो भुजाएँ ही शस्त्र हैं।)
उत्तरम् :
कस्य भुजौ एव प्रहरणम् ? (किसकी भुजाएँ ही शस्त्र हैं? )

प्रश्न: 7.
पूज्यतमस्य क्रियतां पूजा (पूज्यतम की पूजा की जानी चाहिए।)
उत्तरम् :
कस्य क्रियतां पूजा? (किसकी पूजा की जानी चाहिए?)

प्रश्नः 8.
दुर्योधनादिना राजः विराटस्य गावः अपहता। (दुर्योधन आदि के द्वारा विराट की गायों का अपहरण कर लिया गया।)
उत्तरम् :
दुर्योधनादिना कस्य गावः अपहृता? (दुर्योधन आदि के द्वारा किसकी गायों का अपहरण कर लिया गया?)

प्रश्नः 9.
अशस्त्रे वीराः न प्रहरन्ति। (निःशस्त्र पर वीर प्रहार नहीं करते।)
उत्तरम् :
वीराः केषु न प्रहरन्ति? (वीर किन पर प्रहार नहीं करते हैं?)

प्रश्न: 10.
मां वञ्चयित्वा गृहीतवान्। (मुझे छलकर पकड़ लिया।)
उत्तरम् :
मां कथं गृहीतवान्? (मुझे कैसे पकड़ लिया गया?).

कथाक्रम-संयोजनम् ।

अधोलिखितानि वाक्यानि क्रमेण लिखित्वा कथाक्रम-संयोजनं कुरुत (नीचे लिखे वाक्यों को क्रम से लिखकर कथा-क्रम-संयोजन कीजिए-)
(1) अभिमन्युः स्व पितॄनवलोक्य प्रसन्नः सन् सर्वान् क्रमशः अभिवादयति पाण्डवाः च तम् आलिङ्गन्ति।
(2) उत्तरः रहस्यमुद्घाटयति।
(3) ततः एव विराटपुत्रः उत्तरः आयाति।
(4) पाण्डवाः अभिमन्युम् उपहसन्ति सः च क्रुध्यति।
(5) अभिमन्युः अनभिज्ञत्वात् तैः सह उग्रं व्यवहरति।
(6) अभिमन्युः विराटसैनिकैः सह योद्धमागच्छत्। तत्र छद्मवेषधारिणा भीमेन निग्रहीतः राज्ञः समीपं नीतः।
(7) कौरवैः सह विराटसेनायाः युद्धोऽभवत्।
(8) कौरवाः विराटस्य धेनूनाम् अपहरणम् अकुर्वन्।
उत्तर :
कथा-क्रम-संयोजनम् –
(1) कौरवाः विराटस्य धेनूनाम् अपहरणम् अकुर्वन्।
(2) कौरवैः सह विराटसेनायाः युद्धोऽभवत्।
(3) अभिमन्युः विराटसैनिकैः सह योद्धमागच्छत्। तत्र छद्मवेषधारिणा भीमेन निग्रहीतः राज्ञः समीपं नीतः।
(4) पाण्डवाः अभिमन्युम् उपहसन्ति सः च क्रुध्यति ।
(5) अभिमन्युरनभिज्ञत्वात् तैः सह उग्रं व्यवहरति।
(6) ततः एव विराटपुत्रः उत्तरः आयाति।
(7) उत्तरः रहस्यमुद्घाटयति।
(8) अभिमन्युः स्वपितृनवलोक्य प्रसन्नः सन् सर्वान् क्रमशः अभिवादयति पाण्डवाः च तम् आलिङ्गन्ति।

योग्यताविस्तारः

कवि परिचय – संस्कृत नाटककारों में महाकवि भास का नाम अग्रगण्य है। भासरचित तेरह रूपक (नाटक) निम्नलिखित दूतवाक्यम्, कर्णभारम्, दूतघटोत्कचम्, ऊरुभङ्गम्, मध्यमव्यायोगः पञ्चरात्रम्, अभिषेकनाटकम्, बालचरितम्, अविमारकम्, प्रतिमानाटकम्, प्रतिज्ञायौगन्धरायणम्, स्वप्नवासवदत्तम् तथा चारुदत्तम्।

ग्रन्थ-परिचय – पञ्चरात्रम् की कथावस्तु महाभारत के विराट पर्व पर आधारित है। पाण्डवों के अज्ञातवास के समय दुर्योधन एक यज्ञ करता है और यज्ञ की समाप्ति पर आचार्य द्रोण को गुरुदक्षिणा देना चाहता है। द्रोण गुरुदक्षिणा के रूप में पाण्डवों का राज्याधिकार चाहते हैं। दुर्योधन कहता है कि यदि गुरु द्रोणाचार्य पाँच रातों में पाण्डवों का पता लगा दें तो उन (पाण्डवों) की पैतृक सम्पत्ति का भाग उन पाण्डवों को दिया जा सकता है। इसी आधार पर इस नाटक का नाम ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’।

भावविस्तारः

तरुणस्य कृतास्त्रस्य युक्तो युद्धपराजयः – अज्ञातवास में बृहन्नला के रूप में अर्जुन को बहुत समय के बाद पुत्र-मिलन का अवसर प्राप्त हुआ। वह अपने पुत्र (अभिमन्यु) से बात करना चाहता है परन्तु (अपने अपहरण से) क्षुब्ध अभिमन्यु उनके साथ बात करना ही नहीं चाहता। तब अर्जुन उसे उत्तेजित करने की भावना से इस प्रकार के व्यङ्ग्यात्मक वचन कहते हैं –

तुम्हारे पिता अर्जुन हैं, मामा श्रीकृष्ण हैं तथा तुम शस्त्रविद्या से सम्पन्न होने के साथ ही साथ तरुण भी हो, तुम्हारे लिए युद्ध में परास्त होना उचित है।

मम तु भुजौ एव प्रहरणम् – अभिमन्यु क्षुब्ध है कि उसे धोखे से शस्त्रविहीन भीम ने निगृहीत किया है। भीम इसका स्पष्टीकरण करता है कि अस्त्र-शस्त्र तो दुर्बल व्यक्तियों द्वारा ग्रहण किये जाते हैं। मेरी तो दो भुजायें ही मेरा शस्त्र हैं। अतः मुझे किसी अन्य आयुध की आवश्यकता नहीं। इस प्रकार का भाव अन्य नाटकों में भी उपलब्ध है, जैसे –
(क) अयं तु दक्षिणो बाहुरायुधं सदृशं मम। (यह मेरी दाहिनी भुजा तो (मेरी) शस्त्र के समान है।)(मध्यमव्यायोगः)
(ख) भीमस्यानुकरिष्यामि शस्त्रं बाहुभविष्यति। (मैं भीम का अनुकरण करूँगा, भुजा शस्त्र हो जायेगी।)(मृच्छकटिकम्)
(ग) वयमपि च भुजायुद्धप्रधानाः। (और हम लोग भी भुजाओं से युद्ध करने की प्रधानता वाले हैं।) (अविमारकम्)

नीतः कृष्णोऽतदहताम् – श्रीकृष्ण ने जरासन्ध के जामाता (दामाद) कंस का वध किया था। इससे क्रुद्ध जरासन्ध ने यदुवंशियों के विनाश की प्रतिज्ञा की थी। इसलिए उसने बार-बार मथुरा पर आक्रमण भी किया था। उसने श्रीकृष्ण को कई बार पकड़ा भी परन्तु किसी-न-किसी प्रकार श्री कृष्ण वहाँ से निकल गये। वस्तुतः उचित अवसर पाकर श्रीकृष्ण जरासन्ध को मारना चाहते थे। परन्तु भीम ने जरासन्ध का वध करके उनकी पात्रता स्वयं ले ली। जो कार्य श्रीकृष्ण द्वारा करणीय था उसे भीमसेन ने कर दिया और श्रीकृष्ण को जरासन्ध के वध का अवसर ही नहीं दिया।

कोऽयं मध्यमो नाम? – यहाँ मध्यम शब्द का प्रयोग भास द्वारा भीम के लिए किया गया है। भास के नाटकों में सर्वत्र भीम के लिए ‘मध्यम’ शब्द का प्रयोग किया गया है। उन्होंने ‘मध्यमव्यायोग’ रूपक (नाटक) की रचना की जिसमें मध्यम पाण्डव अर्थात् भीम को नायक बनाया है।

‘क्तवतु’ भी भूतकालिक प्रत्यय है। इसका प्रयोग सदैव कर्तृवाच्य में होता है। क्तवतु प्रत्ययान्त शब्द भी तीनों लिङ्गों में होते हैं।

यथा-पठ् + क्तवतु = पठितवत् (पढ़ा)

वाच्यपरिवर्तनम्

योग्यताविस्तार पर आधारित प्रश्नोत्तर –

प्रश्न 1.
महाकवि भास के कुल कितने नाटक उपलब्ध हैं?
उत्तर :
महाकवि भास के कुल 13 नाटक उपलब्ध हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
भास के महाभारत पर आधारित किन्हीं 5 नाटकों के नाम लिखिये।
उत्तर :
दूतवाक्यम्, कर्णभारम्, ऊरूभङ्गम्, पञ्चरात्रम्, दूतघटोत्कचम्।

प्रश्न 3.
दुर्योधन से यज्ञ-दक्षिणा में आचार्य द्रोण ने क्या माँगा?
उत्तर :
दुर्योधन से यज्ञ-दक्षिणा में आचार्य द्रोण ने पाण्डवों का राज्याधिकार माँगा।

प्रश्न 4.
मध्यम व्यायोग का नायक कौन है?
उत्तर :
मध्यम व्यायोग का नायक मध्यम पाण्डव भीमसेन है।

प्रश्न 5.
इस नाटक का शीर्षक ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ क्यों चुना?
उत्तर :
दुर्योधन ने कहा यदि गुरु द्रोणाचार्य पाँच रातों में पाण्डवों का पता लंगा दें तो पाण्डवों की पैतृक सम्पत्ति का भाग पाण्डवों को दिया जा सकता है। इसी आधार पर इस नाटक का नाम ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ है।

प्रश्न 6.
निम्न वाक्यों में कोष्ठक में दिए शब्दों के उचित रूप बनाकर रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति कीजिए।
(क) अलं……………। (प्रलाप).
उत्तर :
प्रलापेन

(ख) रामः…………अलम। (रावण)
उत्तर :
रावणाय

(ग) अलं………… । (विवाद)
उत्तर :
विवादेन

(घ) अर्जुनः………….अलम्। (कर्ण)
उत्तर :
कर्णाय

(ङ) अहं…………..अलम्। (युष्मद्)
उत्तर :
तुभ्यम्

(च) इदं भोजनम्……………अलम्। (अस्मद्)
उत्तर :
मह्यम्

प्रश्न 7.
निम्न वाक्यों को वाच्य परिवर्तन करके लिखिए –
(क) बालकः पुस्तकं पठति।
(ख) अहं पत्रं लिखामि।
(ग) तेन भोजनं खाद्यते।
(घ) मया जलं पीयते।
(ङ) तया कथा श्रूयते।
(च) छात्रैः हस्यते।
उत्तर :
(क) बालकेन पुस्तकं पठ्यते।
(ख) मया पत्रं लिख्यते।
(ग) सः भोजनं खादति।
(घ) अहं जलं पिबामि।
(ङ) सा कथां शृणोति।
(च) छात्रः हसति।

प्रश्न 8.
निम्नलिखित पदों में प्रकृति प्रत्यय पृथक्-पृथक् कीजिए –
पठितः, गतः, हृष्टा, दुष्टः, गतवान्, हसितवान्, दृष्टवान्, नीतः
उत्तरम् :

प्रत्यभिज्ञानम् Summary and Translation in Hindi

पाठ परिचय – संस्कृत साहित्य में भास प्रथम नाटककार के रूप में जाने जाते हैं। महाकवि भास ने कुल 13 नाटकों की रचना की। ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ नाटक उन्हीं में से एक है। प्रस्तुत पाठ भासरचित ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ नाटक से सम्पादित कर लिया गया है। इसका कथानक महाभारत के विराट पर्व से लिया गया है। पाण्डवों के अज्ञातवास के समय दुर्योधन एक यज्ञ करता है और यज्ञ की समाप्ति पर आचार्य द्रोण को गुरुदक्षिणा देना चाहता है। द्रोण गुरुदक्षिणा के रूप में पाण्डवों का राज्याधिकार चाहते हैं। दुर्योधन कहता है कि यदि गुरु द्रोणाचार्य पाँच रातों में पाण्डवों का पता लगा दें तो पाण्डवों की पैतृक सम्पत्ति का भाग पाण्डवों को दिया जा सकता है। इसी आधार पर इस नाटक का नाम पञ्चरात्रम् है। भास के 13 नाटकों के नाम हैं – (1) दूतवाक्यम् (2) कर्णभारम् (3) दूतघटोत्कचम् (4) ऊरुभङ्गम् (5) मध्यमव्यायोगः (6) पञ्चरात्रम् (7) अभिषेकनाटकम् (8) बालचरितम् (9) अविमारकम् (10) प्रतिमानाटकम् (11) प्रतिज्ञायौगन्धरायणम् (12) स्वप्नवासवदत्तम् तथा (13) चारुदत्तम्।

पाठ का सारांश – दुर्योधन आदि कौरव वीरों ने राजा विराट की गायों का अपहरण कर लिया। विराट-पुत्र उत्तर बृहन्नला (छद्मवेषी अर्जुन) को सारथी बनाकर कौरवों से युद्ध करने जाता है। कौरवों की ओर से अभिमन्यु (अर्जुन-पुत्र) .. भी युद्ध करता है। युद्ध में कौरवों की पराजय होती है। इसी बीच विराट को सूचना मिलती है कि वल्लभ (छद्मवेषी भीम)

ने रणभूमि में अभिमन्यु को पकड़ लिया है। अभिमन्यु भीम तथा अर्जुन को नहीं पहचान पाता है और उनसे उग्रतापूर्वक बातचीत करता है। दोनों अभिमन्यु को महाराज विराट के समक्ष प्रस्तुत करते हैं। अभिमन्यु उन्हें प्रणाम नहीं करता। उसी समय राजकुमार उत्तर वहाँ पहुँचता है जिसके रहस्योद्घाटन से अर्जुन तथा भीम आदि पाण्डवों के छद्मवेष का उद्घाटन हो जाता है।

[मूलपाठः,शब्दार्यः,सप्रसंग हिन्दी अनुवादः,सप्रसंगसंस्कृत-व्यारव्याःअवबोधनकार्यम्च।]

1. भटः – जयतु महाराजः।
राजा – अपूर्व इव ते हर्षो ब्रूहि केनासि विस्मितः?
भटः – अश्रद्धेयं प्रियं प्राप्तं सौभद्रो ग्रहणं गतः॥
राजा – कथमिदानी गृहीतः?
भटः – रथमासाद्य निश्शङ्कं बाहुभ्यामवतारितः।
राजा – केन?
भटः – यः किल एष नरेन्द्रेण विनियुक्तो महानसे। (अभिमन्यमुद्दिश्य) इत इतः कुमार!
अभिमन्युः – भोः को नु खल्वेष:? येन भुजैकनियन्त्रितो बलाधिकेनापि न पीडितः अस्मि।
बृहन्नला – इत इत: कुमारः।
अभिमन्युः – अये! अयमपरः कः विभात्युमावेषमिवाश्रितो हरः।
बृहन्नला – आर्य, अभिभाषणकौतूहलं मे महत्। वाचालयत्वेनमार्यः।
वल्लभः – (अपवार्य) बाढम् (प्रकाशम्) अभिमन्यो!
अभिमन्युः – अभिमन्युर्नाम?
वल्लभः
रुष्यत्येष मया, त्वमेवैनमभिभाषय। बृहन्नला
अभिमन्यो! अभिमन्युः
कथं कथम्। अभिमन्यु माहम्। भोः! किमत्र विराटनगरे क्षत्रियवंशोद्भूताः नीचैः अपि नामभिः अभिभाष्यन्ते अथवा अहं शत्रुवशं गतः। अतएव तिरस्क्रियते।

शब्दार्था: – जयतु = विजयताम् (जय हो), महाराजः = देवः (महाराज), अपूर्व इव = अविद्यमानः पूर्ववत् इव (जो पहले न हुआ हो, उसके समान), ते हर्षः = तव प्रसन्नता (तेरी खुशी), ब्रूहि = कथय (कहो), केनासि = केन कारणेन असि (किस कारण से हो), विस्मितः = आश्चर्यचकितः (अचम्भित), अश्रद्धेयम् = न श्रद्धेयम्/अविश्वसनीयम् (श्रद्धा के अयोग्य/विश्वास न करने योग्य), प्रियं प्राप्तम् = इष्टम् (वृत्तं) लब्धं [प्रिय (समाचार) प्राप्त हुआ है],

सौभद्रोः ग्रहणं गतः = अधिगृहीतः सुभद्रानन्दनः अभिमन्युः (बन्दी बनाया हुआ सुभद्रा-पुत्र अभिमन्यु), कथमिदानी गृहीतः = कथमधुनाधिगृहीतः (अब यह कैसे पकड़ा गया), रथमासाद्य = स्यन्दनं प्राप्य/आरुह्य (रथ पाकर/पहुँचकर/चढ़कर), निश्शङ्कम् = शङ्कया रहितम्/संशयविहीनं (शङ्का/सन्देहरहित को), बाहुभ्यामवतारितः = भुजाभ्याम् अवरोहितः (भुजाओं से उतार लिया), केन = किसके द्वारा, यः = जो, किल = वस्तुतः (सचमुच),

एषः = अयम् (यह), नरेन्द्रेण = नृपेण (राजा द्वारा), विनियुक्तो = विशिष्ट नियुक्त (विशेष रूप से नियुक्त), महानसे = भोजनालये, पाकशालायाम् (रसोई में), अभिमन्युमुद्दिश्य = सौभद्रप्रति (अभिमन्यु को लक्ष्य करके), इत इतः कुमारः = अत्र, अत्र एहि राजकुमारः (इधर-उधर माइए राजकमार), भोः को न खल्वेषः = रे वस्तुतः अयं कः (अरे, वास्तव में यह कौन है?), येन = जिसके द्वारा, भुजैकनियन्त्रितो = एकेन एव बाहुना निरुद्धः/संयतः (एक ही भुजा से रोका/पकड़ा हुआ), बलाधिकेनापि = शक्तिप्रभूतेन, बलवत्तरेण (अधिक बलवान् के द्वारा भी), न पीडितः अस्मि = अपीडितः, न क्लिष्टः अस्मि (पीड़ित नहीं हूँ।),

इत इतः = अत्र-अत्र (इधर-इधर), कुमारः = बाल राजकुमारः (राजकुमार), अये! = अरे (अरे), अयमपरः दूसरा), कः = कौन, विभाति = शोभते (सुशोभित होता है), उमावेषमिवाश्रितो हरः = पार्वत्याः रूपधारिणा शिवेन इव (पार्वती का वेष धारण किये हुए शिव की तरह), आर्य = श्रेष्ठ (आर्य), अभिभाषण = वक्तुं (बोलने की), कौतूहलम् = औत्सुक्यम् (उत्सुकता), मे = मम (मेरी), महत् = अधिकं (बहुत), वाचालयत्वेनमनार्यः = वक्तुं प्रेरयतु इमं श्रीमान् (श्रीमान् ने की प्रेरणा प्रदान करें),अपवार्य = मुखं दूरीकृत्य (मुँह छुपाकर/ढककर/हटाकर), बाढम् = श्रेष्ठम् (बढ़िया/अच्छा), प्रकाशम् = सार्वजनिकरूपेण (खुले में/ सबके सामने),

अभिमन्यो = रे सौभद्र !/रे अभिमन्यो ! (हे अभिमन्यु!), अभिमन्यु म = अभिमन्यु नाम से, रुष्यत्येष मया = एषः मह्यं क्रुध्यति (मुझसे यह क्रोधित होता है), त्वमेवैनम् = भवान् एव इमम् (आप ही इसको), अभिभाषय = वादय, व्याख्यातुं प्रेरय (बुलवाइये), कथं कथम् = कैसे-कैसे, क्या-क्या, अभिमन्यु माहम् = मैं अभिमन्यु नाम से, भोः! = रे! (अरे!), किमत्र विराटनगरे = किमस्मिन् विराटनगरे (क्या इस विराट नगर में), क्षत्रियवंशोभूताः = राजन्यकुलजाताः (क्षत्रिय वंश में पैदा हुए), नीचैः अपि = अधमैः अपि (नीच लोगों द्वारा न), नामभिः = अभिधानैः (नाम लेकर/नाम से),

अभिभाष्यन्ते = वादयन्ते (बुलवाये जाते हैं), अथवा = उत वा (या), अहं शत्रुवशं गतः = अहम् अरीणां मध्येऽवरुद्धोऽस्मि (मैं शत्रुदल के मध्य घिर गया हूँ/वश में हो गया हूँ), अतएव = अतः, अनेनैव कारणेन (इसी वजह से), तिरस्क्रियते = अवमन्यते/उपेक्ष्यते (तिरस्कार किया जा रहा है/उपेक्षा की जा रही है)।

हिन्दी-अनुवादः

सन्दर्भ – प्रस्तुत नाट्यांश हमारी पाठ्यपुस्तक ‘शेमुषी’ के ‘प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्’ पाठ से लिया गया है। यह पाठ भास कवि के ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ नाटक का सम्पादित रूप है।

प्रसङ्ग – इस नाट्यांश में बन्दी बनाये गये अभिमन्यु के साथ भीम और अर्जुन का संवाद चल रहा है। क्रुद्ध अभिमन्यु पहचान न पाने के कारण उनके प्रति अविनीत व्यवहार करता है। भीम और अर्जुन भी उसकी उपेक्षा करते हैं।

अनुवाद –

भट – महाराज की जय हो।
राजा – पहले कभी न देखी-सी प्रसन्नता है तुम्हारी, कहिये, किस कारण आश्चर्यचकित हैं?
भट – विश्वास न करने योग्य प्यारा (समाचार) मिला है। सुभद्रानन्दन अभिमन्यु पकड़ लिया गया अर्थात् बन्दी बना लिया गया।
राजा – अब यह कैसे पकड़ा गया?
भट – निस्सन्देह रथ पर पहुँचकर भुजाओं से उतार लिया।
राजा – किसके द्वारा?
भटः – सचमुच जो इस राजा द्वारा रसोई में विशेषरूप से नियुक्त है। (अभिमन्यु की ओर संकेत करते हुए, इधर-उधर आइये राजकुमार)।
अभिमन्युः – अरे, वास्तव में यह कौन है? जिसके द्वारा एक भुजा से पकड़ा हुआ अधिक बल होने पर भी मैं पीड़ित नहीं हुआ हूँ।
बृहन्नला – इधर, इधर आओ, कुमार।
अभिमन्यु – अरे यह दूसरा कौन पार्वती का वेष धारण किए हुए शिव की तरह शोभा दे रहा है।
बृहन्नला – आर्य, मेरी (इससे) बोलने की प्रबल इच्छा है। आर्य इसे बोलने के लिए प्रेरित करें।
वल्लभ – (दूर हटकर) बहुत अच्छा (सबके सामने) अभिमन्यु!
अभिमन्यु – (क्या) अभिमन्यु (इस नाम से व्यवहार करता है)?
वल्लभ – यह मुझसे नाराज़ है, तुम्हीं इसे बोलने के लिए प्रेरित कीजिए।
बृहन्नला – अभिमन्यु!
अभिमन्यु – क्या, क्या? मैं अभिमन्यु नाम वाला हूँ? अरे, क्या यहाँ विराट नगर में क्षत्रिय वंश में पैदा हुए लोगों को नीच लोगों (सैनिकों आदि) के द्वारा भी नाम लेकर बुलवाये जाते हैं अथवा मैं शत्रुओं के वश में हो गया हूँ, इसीलिए तिरस्कार किया जा रहा है।

संस्कत-व्याख्याः –

सन्दर्भ: – नाट्यांशोऽयम् अस्माकं पाठ्यपुस्तकस्य ‘शेमुष्याः’ ‘प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्’ इति पाठात् उद्धृतः। पाठोऽयं भासकवेः ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ नाटकस्य सम्पादितं रूपं वर्तते। (प्रस्तुत नाट्यांश हमारी पाठ्यपुस्तक ‘शेमुषी’ के ‘प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्’ पाठ से लिया गया है। यह पाठ भास कवि के ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ नाटक का सम्पादित रूप है।) – प्रसङ्गः-नाट्यांशेऽस्मिन् निगृहीतेन अभिमन्युना सह भीमार्जुनयोः संवादः प्रवर्तते। क्रुद्धः अभिमन्युः अनभिज्ञानात् तौ प्रति विनयहीनं व्यवहारं करोति। भीमार्जुनौ अपि तम् उपेक्षते। (इस नाट्यांश में पकड़े हुए अभिमन्यु के साथ भीम और अर्जुन कद्ध अभिमन्य न यह जानने के कारण उन दोनों के साथ विनम्रता-विहीन व्यवहार करता है। भीम और अर्जुन भी उसकी उपेक्षा करते हैं।)

व्याख्याः

भटः – विजयतां देवः। (महाराज की जय हो।)
राजा – अविद्यमाना पूर्वम् इव तव प्रसन्नता, कथय, केन कारणेन आश्चर्यचकितोऽसि। (पहले न देखी गई (अपूर्व) खुशी है, कहिये कैसे आश्चर्यचकित हो रहे हो?)
भटः – न श्रद्धेयम् इष्टं (वृत्तं) लब्धम्। अभिमन्युः निगृहीतः। (विश्वास न करने योग्य प्रिय समाचार प्राप्त हुआ है। अभिमन्यु बन्दी बना लिया।)
राजा – कथम् अधुना निगृहीतः? (अब यह कैसे पकड़ा गया?)
भटः – शङ्कया रहितं स्यन्दनम् आरुह्य (प्राप्य) भुजाभ्याम् अवरोहितः। (निशङ्क रथ पर चढ़कर भुजाओं से उतार लिया सबके सामने।)
राजा – केन? (कैसे)
भटः – यः वस्तुतः अयम् नृपेण विशिष्ट नियुक्त पाकाशालायाम् (सौभद्रं प्रति) अंत्र अत्र इति राजकुमारः। (वस्तुतः जो यह राजा ने पाकशाला में विशिष्ट रूप से नियुक्त किया है (अभिमन्यु के प्रति) यहाँ यहाँ आइए राजकुमार।)
अभिमन्यु – अरे कोऽयं वस्तुतः? येन एकेन बाहुना संयतः बलवत्तरेण अपि न क्लिष्टोऽस्मि। (अरे! वास्तव में यह कौन है जिसने एक ही भुजा से पकड़ा हुआ होने पर अधिक बलवान् होने पर भी कष्ट नहीं दिया गया।)
बृहन्नला – अत्र एहि, अत्र एहि, कुमार। (यहाँ आओ, यहाँ आओ राजकुमार।)
अभिमन्युः – अरे! एषः इतरः कः पार्वत्याः रूपधारिणा शिवेन इव शोभते? (अरे इधर यह कौन पार्वती का वेष धारण किए हुए शिव की तरह शोभा दे रहा है?)
बृहन्नला – आर्य, मम वक्तुम् औत्सुक्यम् अधिकम् । श्रीमान् इमं वक्तुं प्रेरयतु। (आर्य, मुझे बात करने की बहुत उत्सुकता है। श्रीमान् इसे बोलने के लिए प्रेरित करें।)
वल्लभः – (दूरीकृत्य) श्रेष्ठम् (सर्वेषां समक्षे) अभिमन्यो! ((दूर करके) उत्तम (सबके सामने) अभिमन्यु!)
अभिमन्युः – (किम्) अभिमन्युः (इति नाम्ना मां व्यवहरति)? (क्या? अभिमन्यु, मुझे नाम लेकर बुला रहे
वल्लभः – अयं मह्यं क्रुध्यति अतः भवान् एव इमं वक्तुं प्रेरयतु। (यह मुझसे नाराज है अतः आप ही इसे बोलने के लिए प्रेरित करें।) बृहन्नला – अभिमन्यो! (अभिमन्यु।)
अभिमन्युः – किं, किम् अहम् अभिमन्युरभिधः? अरे! किम् अस्मिन् विराटनगरे राजन्यकुलोत्पन्नाः अधमैः (सैनिकादिभिः) अपि अभिधानः वादयन्ते उत वा अहम् अरिदलस्याधिकार प्राप्तः। अत एव. तिरस्कारं विधीयते (क्रियते)। (क्या, क्या तो तेरा नाम अभिमन्यु है? अरे क्या इस विराट नगर में क्षत्रियों के कुल में पैदा हुए अधम बीच (सैनिक आदि द्वारा) भी नाम लेकर बोला जाता है अथवा मैं शत्रु पक्ष के अधिकार में हूँ, इसीलिए तिरस्कार किया जा रहा है।)

अवबोधन कार्यम्

प्रश्न 1.
एकपदेन उत्तरत- (एक शब्द में उत्तर दीजिए-)
(क) सौभद्रः कः? (सौभद्र कौन है? )
(ख) का इयं बृहन्नला? (यह बृहन्नला कौन है?)

प्रश्न 2.
पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत- (पूरे वाक्य में उत्तर दीजिए-)
(क) सौभद्रः कथं गृहीतः? (सौभद्र कैसे पकड़ा गया?)
(ख) अभिमन्युः भीमस्य विषये किं पृच्छति? (अभिमन्यु भीम के विषय में क्या पूछता है?)

प्रश्न 3.
यथानिर्देशम् उत्तरत-(निर्देशानुसार उत्तर दीजिए-)
(क) ‘पाकशालायाम्’ इति पदस्य स्थाने नाट्यांशे किं समानार्थी पदं प्रयुक्तम्?
(‘पाकशालायाम्’ पद के स्थान पर नाट्यांश में कौनसा पर्यायवाची शब्द प्रयोग किया गया है?)
(ख) ‘को नु खल्वेषः’ अत्र एषः इति सर्वनाम पदं कस्य संज्ञापदस्य स्थाने प्रयुक्तम्?
(‘को नु खल्वेषः’ यहाँ ‘एषः’ सर्वनाम पद किस संज्ञा पद के स्थान पर प्रयोग हुआ है।)
उत्तराणि :
(1) (क) अभिमन्युः (सुभद्रापुत्र अभिमन्यु)।
(ख) अर्जुनः (अर्जुन ही बृहन्नला के रूप में है)।

(2) (क) रथमासाद्य निःशङ्कं बाहुभ्यामवतारितः।
(ख) पर चढ़कर शंकारहित को भुजाओं से उतार लिया गया।)
(ख) को नु खल्वेषः? येन भुजैक नियन्त्रियतो बलाधिकेनापि न पीडितः अस्मि। (यह कौन है? जिसने एक हाथ से नियन्त्रित कर अधिक ताकत होते हुए भी मुझे पीड़ित नहीं किया?)

(3) (क) महानसे (भोजनशाला में)।
(ख) भीमसेनाय (भीमसेन के लिए।)

2. बहन्नला – अभिमन्यो! सुखमास्ते ते जननी ?
अभिमन्युः – कथं कथम् ? जननी नाम? किं भवान् मे पिता अथवा पितृव्यः? कथं मां पितृवदाक्रम्य स्त्रीगतां कृथां पृच्छति?
बृहन्नला – अभिमन्यो! अपि कुशली देवकीपुत्रः केशवः?
अभिमन्युः – कथं कथम्? तत्रभवन्तमपि नाम्ना। अथ किम् अथ किम्?
(वृहन्नलावल्लभौ परस्परमवलोकयतः)
अभिमन्युः – कथमिदानी सावज्ञमिव मां हस्यते?
बृहन्नला – न खलु किञ्चित्।
पार्थं पितरमुद्दिश्य मातुलं च जनार्दनम्।
तरुणस्य कृतास्त्रस्य युक्तो युद्धपराजयः॥
अभिमन्युः – अलं स्वच्छन्दप्रलापेन! अस्माकं कुले आत्मस्तवं कर्तुमनुचितम्। रणभूमौ हतेषु शरान् पश्य, मदृते अन्यत् नाम न भविष्यति।
बृहन्नला – एवं वाक्यशौण्डीर्यम्। किमर्थं तेन पदातिना गृहीतः?
अभिमन्युः – अशस्त्रं मामभिगतः। पितरम् अर्जुनं स्मरन् अहं कथं हन्याम्। अशस्त्रेषु मादृशाः न प्रहरन्ति। अतः अशस्त्रोऽयं मां वञ्चयित्वा गृहीतवान्।
राजा – त्वर्यतां त्वर्यतामभिमन्युः।

शब्दार्था: – अभिमन्यो! = सौभद्र! (अरे! अभिमन्यु!), सुखमास्ते = सकुशलमस्ति (सकुशल हैं), ते जननी = तव माता (तुम्हारी माता), कथं कथम् = किं किम् (क्या, क्या), जननी = माता (माताजी), किं भवान् = अपि त्वं (क्या तुम), मे = मम (मेरे), पिता अथवा पितृव्यः = जनकः जनकस्यभ्राता वा (पिता अथवा चाचा/ताऊ), कथं मां = कस्मान्माम् (कैसे मुझसे), पितृवदाक्रम्य = जनकेवाधिकृत्य (पिता की तरह अधिकार जमाते हुए), स्त्रीगताम् = नारीविषयकी (स्त्री से सम्बन्धित), कथाम् = वृत्तं (समाचार), पृच्छति = पृच्छति (पूछते हो), अभिमन्यो! = सौभद्र। (अभिमन्यु),

अपि = किम् (क्या), कुशली = सकुशलम् (सकुशल हैं), देवकीपुत्रः = देवकीनन्दनः (देवकीपुत्र), केशवः = कृष्णः (कृष्ण), कथं कथम्? = किं किम्? (क्या-क्या?), तत्रभवन्तमपि = तम् श्रीमन्तं श्रीकृष्णमपि (उन आदरणीय श्रीकृष्ण को भी), नाम्ना = अभिधानेन (नाम से सम्बोधित कर रहे हैं), अथ किम् अथ किम् = कथं नु वा आम् (क्यों नहीं, क्यों नहीं, हाँ जी, हाँ जी), बृहन्नलावल्लभौ = उभौ (बृहन्नला और वल्लभ दोनों), परस्परमवलोकयतः = अन्योऽन्यं पश्यतः (आपस में एक-दूसरे को देखते हैं), कथमिदानीम् = कस्मात् अधुना (कैसे अब), माम् = (मुझे)। सावज्ञमिव = अपमानेन सहितम् (उपेक्षा सहित), मां = (मुझे), हस्यते = उपहस्यते (उपहास किया जाता है), न खलु किञ्चित् = निश्चयेन किञ्चिदपि नास्ति (निश्चित ही कुछ भी नहीं है), पार्थम् = पृथानन्दनम् अर्जुनम् (पृथापुत्र अर्जुन को), पितुरसुद्दिश्य = पितुः उद्देश्य कृत्वा (पिता को लक्ष्य करके),

मातुलम् = मातुः भ्राता (मामा जी), च = (और), जनार्दनम् = श्रीमन्तं कृष्णम् (श्रीकृष्ण को), तरुणस्य = यौवनारूढस्य (जवान का), कृतास्त्रस्य = शस्त्रविद्यासम्पन्नस्य (शस्त्र विद्या सम्पन्न का), युक्तोः = उचितमेव (उचित ही है), युद्धपराजयः = सङ्ग्रामे पराभवः, (युद्ध में परास्त होना), अलम् = मा कुरु, (बस), स्वच्छन्द = असंयतः/स्वैरं (मनमानी), प्रलापेन = अनर्गलवादेन (व्यर्थ की बातें), अस्माकं कुले = अस्मत्कुले (हमारे कुल में), आत्मस्तवम् = आत्मश्लाघा (आत्मप्रशंसा), कर्तुम् = विधातुम् (करना), अनुचितम् = नोचितम् (उचित नहीं है), रणभूमौ = समराङ्गणे (युद्धक्षेत्र में),

हतेषु = शवेषु (मारे हुओं में), शरान् पश्य = बाणान् अवलोकय (बाणों को देखो), मदृते = मामन्तरेण, (मेरे अतिरिक्त), अन्यत् = अन्यः (कोई और), नाम = अभिधानम् (नाम), न भविष्यति = न वर्तिष्यते (नहीं . .. होगा), एवम् = अनेन प्रकारेण (इस प्रकार), वाक्यशौण्डीर्यम् = वाचिकं वीरत्वं (वाणी की वीरता, गाल बजाना), किमर्थम् = केन प्रयोजनेन (किस प्रयोजन से, किसलिए), तेन = अमुना (उस), पदातिना = पादाभ्यां चलितेन (पैदल चलने वाले के द्वारा), गृहीतः = निगृहीतः (पकड़ लिया गया), अशस्त्रम् = शस्त्रहीनम् (निःशस्त्र),

मामभिगतः = मत्समीपं प्राप्तः (मेरे पास पहुँच गये), पितरम् = जनकम् (पिताजी), अर्जुनम् = अर्जुन को, स्मरन् = स्मरणं कुर्वन् (याद करता हुआ), अहं कथं हन्याम् = मैं कैसे मारता, अशस्त्रेषु = शस्त्रविहीनेषु (शस्त्रहीनों पर), मादृशाः = अहम् इव (मेरी तरह के), न प्रहरन्ति = प्रहारं न कुर्वन्ति (प्रहार नहीं करते), अतः = अतएव (इसलिए), अशस्त्रोऽयम् = शस्त्रहीन एषः (यह शस्त्रहीन है), इति माम् = एवं मां (इस प्रकार मुझको), वञ्चयित्वा = छलेन प्रतार्य (छल से), गृहीतवान् = निगृहीतवान् (पकड़ लिया), त्वर्यताम् = शीघ्रतां कुरु (शीघ्रता करो)।

सन्दर्भ – यह नाट्यांश हमारी पाठ्यपुस्तक ‘शेमुषी’ के ‘प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्’ नामक पाठ से लिया गया है: यह पाठ भास कवि के ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ नाटक के सम्पादित अंश के रूप में यहाँ प्रस्तुत किया गया है।

प्रसङ्ग – इस नाट्यांश में बन्दी बनाये अभिमन्यु के साथ भीम और अर्जुन का संवाद है। क्रुद्ध सुभद्रानन्दन अभिमन्यु पहचान न पाने के कारण उन दोनों के साथ अविनीत होते हुए व्यवहार करता है। भीम और अर्जुन उसे बोलने के लिए प्रेरित करते हैं।

अनुवादः
बृहन्नला – सुभद्रानन्दन! तुम्हारी माता सकुशल हैं?
अभिमन्युः – क्या, क्या, माताजी? क्या तुम मेरे पिता अथवा चाचा या ताऊ जी हो। कैसे मुझसे पिताजी की तरह अधिकार जमाते हुए स्त्री से सम्बन्धित समाचार पूछ रहे हो?
बृहन्नला – अभिमन्यु! क्या देवकीनन्दन श्रीकृष्ण सकुशल हैं?
अभिमन्युः – क्या, क्या? उन आदरणीय श्रीकृष्ण को भी नाम से (व्यवहार कर रहे हैं)। जी हाँ, जी हाँ।
(वृहन्नला और वल्लभ दोनों आपस में एक-दूसरे को देखते हैं ।)
अभिमन्युः – क्या कारण है कि अब अपमान के साथ मेरा उपहास किया जा रहा है?
बृहन्नला – निस्सन्देह कुछ भी नहीं है।
अर्जुन तुम्हारे पिता हैं, जनार्दन कृष्ण तुम्हारे मामा हैं, तुम युवा हो, सारी शस्त्रविद्या भी सम्पन्न की है। (इन्हें) उद्देश्य करके युद्ध में (तुम्हारी) पराजय उचित ही है।
अभिमन्युः – मनमाना प्रलाप मत करो। हमारे कुल में अपनी प्रशंसा करना अनुचित है। युद्ध-क्षेत्र में शवों में बाणों को देखो, मेरे सिवाय किसी और का नाम नहीं होगा।
बृहन्नला – इस प्रकार की वाचिक वीरता यानी गाल बजाना। (तो) किसलिए उस पैदल चलने वाले ने (तुम्हें) पकड़ लिया?
अभिमन्युः – (वह) निःशस्त्र मेरे पास पहुँच गया। पिताजी अर्जुन को याद करता हुआ मैं कैसे (उसे) मारता? निःशस्त्र लोगों पर मेरे जैसे (लोग) प्रहार नहीं करते। अतः शस्त्रहीन इसने मुझे छल करके पकड़ लिया।
राजा – शीघ्रता करो, शीघ्रता करो, अभिमन्यु।

संस्कत-व्याख्याः

सन्दर्भ: – नाट्यांशोऽयम् अस्माकं पाठ्यपुस्तकस्य ‘शेमुष्याः’ ‘प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्’ नामक पाठात् समुद्धृतोऽस्ति। पाठोऽयं भासकवेः ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ नाटकस्य सम्पादितांशरूपेण अत्र प्रस्तुतोऽस्ति। (यह नाट्यांश हमारी पाठ्यपुस्तक ‘शेमुषी’ के ‘प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्’ पाठ से उद्धृत है। यह पाठ भास कवि के ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ नाटक का सम्पादित रूप संकलित है।)

प्रसंग: – नाट्यांशेऽस्मिन् निगृहीतेन अभिमन्युना सह भीमार्जुनयोः संवादः अस्ति। क्रुद्धः सौभद्रः अनभिज्ञानात् तौ प्रति अविनीतः सन् व्यवहरति । भीमार्जुनौ तं वक्तुं प्रेरयतः। (इस नाट्यांश में पकड़े हुए अभिमन्यु के साथ भीम और अर्जुन का संवाद है। क्रुद्ध अभिमन्यु न पहचानने के कारण उन दोनों के साथ अविनय का व्यवहार करता है। भीम और अर्जुन उसे बोलने के लिए प्रेरित करते हैं।)

व्याख्याः

बृहन्नला – सौभद्र ! तव जननी सकुशलम्? (अभिमन्यु! तुम्हारी माता सकुशल हैं?)
अभिमन्युः – किं किम् माता? अपि त्वं मम जनकः पितुर्भ्राता वा? कस्मान्माम् जनकेवाधिकृत्य नारीविषयकं वृत्तान्तं पृच्छसि? (क्या, क्या माता? क्या तुम मेरे पिता या पिता के भाई-बन्धु हो? किसलिए मुझसे पिता की तरह साधिकार नारी से सम्बन्धित समाचार पूछते हो।)

हिन्दी अनुवादः

सन्दर्भ – यह नाट्यांश हमारी पाठ्यपुस्तक ‘शेमुषी’ के ‘प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्’ नामक पाठ से लिया गया है : यह पाठ भास कवि के ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ नाटक के सम्पादित अंश के रूप में यहाँ प्रस्तुत किया गया है।
प्रसङ्ग – इस नाट्यांश में बन्दी बनाये अभिमन्यु के साथ भीम और अर्जुन का संवाद है। क्रुद्ध सुभद्रानन्दन अभिमन्यु पहचान न पाने के कारण उन दोनों के साथ अविनीत होते हुए व्यवहार करता है। भीम और अर्जुन उसे बोलने के लिए प्रेरित करते हैं।

अनुवादः

बृहन्नला – सुभद्रानन्दन! तुम्हारी माता सकुशल हैं?
अभिमन्युः – क्या, क्या, माताजी? क्या तुम मेरे पिता अथवा चाचा या ताऊ जी हो। कैसे मुझसे पिताजी की तरह अधिकार जमाते हुए स्त्री से सम्बन्धित समाचार पूछ रहे हो?
बृहन्नला – अभिमन्यु! क्या देवकीनन्दन श्रीकृष्ण सकुशल हैं?
अभिमन्युः – क्या, क्या? उन आदरणीय श्रीकृष्ण को भी नाम से (व्यवहार कर रहे हैं)। जी हाँ, जी हाँ।
(वृहन्नला और वल्लभ दोनों आपस में एक-दूसरे को देखते हैं ।)
अभिमन्युः – क्या कारण है कि अब अपमान के साथ मेरा उपहास किया जा रहा है?
बृहन्नला – निस्सन्देह कुछ भी नहीं है।
अर्जुन तुम्हारे पिता हैं, जनार्दन कृष्ण तुम्हारे मामा हैं, तुम युवा हो, सारी शस्त्रविद्या भी सम्पन्न की है। (इन्हें) उद्देश्य करके युद्ध में (तुम्हारी) पराजय उचित ही है।
अभिमन्युः – मनमाना प्रलाप मत करो। हमारे कुल में अपनी प्रशंसा करना अनुचित है। युद्ध-क्षेत्र में शवों में बाणों को देखो, मेरे सिवाय किसी और का नाम नहीं होगा।
बृहन्नला – इस प्रकार की वाचिक वीरता यानी गाल बजाना। (तो) किसलिए उस पैदल चलने वाले ने (तुम्हें) पकड़ लिया?
अभिमन्युः – (वह) निःशस्त्र मेरे पास पहुँच गया। पिताजी अर्जुन को याद करता हुआ मैं कैसे (उसे) मारता? निःशस्त्र लोगों पर मेरे जैसे (लोग) प्रहार नहीं करते। अतः शस्त्रहीन इसने मुझे छल करके पकड़ लिया।
राजा – शीघ्रता करो, शीघ्रता करो, अभिमन्यु।

संस्कत-व्यारव्याः

सन्दर्भः – नाट्यांशोऽयम् अस्माकं पाठ्यपुस्तकस्य ‘शेमुष्याः’ ‘प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्’ नामक पाठात् समुद्धृतोऽस्ति। पाठोऽयं भासकवेः ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ नाटकस्य सम्पादितांशरूपेण अत्र प्रस्तुतोऽस्ति। (यह नाट्यांश हमारी पाठ्यपुस्तक ‘शेमुषी’ के ‘प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्’ पाठ से उद्धृत है। यह पाठ भास कवि के ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ नाटक का सम्पादित रूप संकलित है।)
प्रसंग: – नाट्यांशेऽस्मिन् निगृहीतेन अभिमन्युना सह भीमार्जुनयोः संवादः अस्ति। क्रुद्धः सौभद्रः अनभिज्ञानात् तौ प्रति अविनीतः सन् व्यवहरति। भीमार्जुनौ तं वक्तुं प्रेरयतः। (इस नाट्यांश में पकड़े हुए अभिमन्यु के साथ भीम और अर्जुन का संवाद है। क्रुद्ध अभिमन्यु न पहचानने के कारण उन दोनों के साथ अविनय का व्यवहार करता है। भीम और अर्जुन उसे बोलने के लिए प्रेरित करते हैं।)

व्याख्याः
बृहन्नला – सौभद्र! तव जननी सकुशलम् ? (अभिमन्यु! तुम्हारी माता सकुशल हैं?)
अभिमन्युः – किं किम् माता? अपि त्वं मम जनकः पितुर्कीता वा? कस्मान्माम् जनकेवाधिकृत्य नारीविषयकं वृत्तान्तं पृच्छसि? (क्या, क्या माता? क्या तुम मेरे पिता या पिता के भाई-बन्धु हो? किसलिए मुझसे पिता की तरह साधिकार नारी से सम्बन्धित समाचार पूछते हो।)
बृहन्नला –

बृहन्नला – अभिमन्यो! किं देवकीनन्दनः श्रीकृष्णः सकुशलम् ? (अभिमन्यु ! क्या देवकीपुत्र कृष्ण सकुशल हैं?)
अभिमन्यः – किं किम् ? तं श्रीमन्तं कृष्णमपि अभिधानेन (व्यवहरति)। कथं नु आम्। (क्या-क्या अब श्रीमान कृष्ण को भी नाम से (व्यवहार) कैसे? हाँ।)
(द्वौ अन्योऽन्यम् पश्यतः) (दोनों एक दूसरे को देखते हैं।)
अभिमन्युः – कस्माद् अधुना अपमानेन सहितं माम् उपहस्यते? (किसलिए, अब अपमान के साथ मेरा उपहास
कर रहे हैं? निश्चयेन किञ्चिदपि नास्ति। (निश्चित ही बिल्कुल नहीं।) पथानन्दनः अर्जनः ते जनक: जनार्दनः कृष्णः च ते मातलः इति (एतान) उद्देश्यं कृत्वा यौवनारूढस्य शस्त्रविद्यासम्पन्नस्य (तव) सङ्ग्रामे पराभवः उचितमेव। (कुंतीपुत्र अर्जुन तेरे पिताजी, जनार्दन कृष्ण तेरे मामाजी, इनको लक्ष्य करके, तुम जवान हो शस्य विद्या से सम्पन्न तुम्हारी युद्ध में पराजय
उचित ही है।)
अभिमन्युः – मा स्वैरं प्रलापं कुरु। अस्माकं कुले आत्मश्लाघा नोचितम्। समराङ्गणे शवेषु बाणान् अवलोकय, मामन्तरेण इतरस्याभिधानं न वर्तिष्यते। (मनमानी बकवास मत करो। हमारे कुल में अपनी बड़ाई करना उचित नहीं है। युद्ध में लाशों में बाणों को देखो, मेरे अलावा किसी दूसरे का नाम नहीं होगा।)
बृहन्नला – इत्थमिदं वाचिकं वीरत्वम्। (तु) केन कारणेन अमुना पादाभ्यां चलितेन (त्वम्) निगृहीतः? (इस प्रकार मुँह से वीरता का बखान। तो किस कारण से उस पैदल चलने वाले ने तुम्हें पकड़ लिया?)
अभिमन्युः – (सः) शस्त्रहीनः मत्समीपं प्राप्तः। जनकस्य अर्जुनस्य स्मरणं कुर्वन् अहं केन प्रकारेण (तम्) हन्याम्? शस्त्रविहीनेषु अहमिव (पुरुषाः) प्रहारं न कुर्वन्ति। अत एव एषः मां छलेन प्रतार्य निगृहीतवान्। (वह शस्त्रहीन मेरे पास पहुँच गया। पिताजी अर्जुन को याद करता हुआ मैं कैसे उसे मारता? नि:शस्त्र लोगों पर मेरे जैसे लोग प्रहार नहीं करते, इसलिए इसने मुझे धोखे से पकड़ लिया?)
राजा – शीघ्रतां कुरु, शीघ्रतां कुरु, अभिमन्यु। (शीघ्रता करो, शीघ्रता करो, अभिमन्यु।)

अवबोधन कार्यम्

प्रश्न 1.
एकपदेन उत्तरत – (एक शब्द में उत्तर दीजिए-)
(क) देवकी पुत्र केशवस्य कुशलतां कः पृच्छति? (देवकी पुत्र केशव की कुशलता कौन पूछता है?)
(ख) नाट्यांशे ‘तत्र भवन्तम्’ इति कस्मै संबोधितम्? (नाट्यांश में ‘तत्र भवन्तम्’ किसके लिए किया गया है?)

प्रश्न 2.
पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत – (पूरे वाक्य में उत्तर दीजिए-)
(क) बृहन्नला अभिमन्यु किं पृच्छन्ति? (बृहन्नला अभिमन्यु से क्या पूछती है?)
(ख) मातुः अभिधानं पृष्टे अभिमन्युः बृहन्नलां किमकथयत्?
(माँ का नाम पूछने पर अभिमन्यु ने बृहन्नला से क्या कहा?)

प्रश्न 3.
यथानिर्देशम् उत्तरत-(निर्देशानुसार उत्तर दीजिए-)
(क) ‘सुखमास्ते ते जननी’ अत्र ते इति सर्वनामपदं कस्य स्थाने प्रयुक्तम्?
(‘सुखमास्ते ते जननी’ यहाँ ‘ते’ सर्वनाम पद किसके स्थान पर प्रयोग हुआ है?)
(ख) ‘उन्मुक्तं’ इति पदस्य समानार्थी पदं नाट्यांशे अन्विष्य लिखत।
(‘उन्मुक्त’ पद का समानार्थी शब्द नाट्यांश से ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।)
उत्तराणि :
(1) (क) बृहन्नला (अर्जुनः)।
(ख) श्रीकृष्णम् (श्रीकृष्ण को)।

(2) (क) अभिमन्यो! सुखमास्ते ते जननी इति पृच्छति। (अभिमन्यु क्या तुम्हारी माता कुशल हैं। यह पूछता है।)
(ख) सः कथयति किं भवान् मे पिता अथवा पितृव्यः? कथं मां पितृवदाक्रम्य स्त्रीगतां कथां पृच्छति?
(वह कहता है-क्या आप मेरे पिता अथवा ताऊजी हैं, जो स्त्री सम्बन्धी बात पूछते हो? )

(3) (क) अभिमन्योः (अभिमन्यु की)।
(ख) स्वच्छन्द (बिना रोक टोक)।

3. बृहन्नला – इत इतः कुमारः। एष महाराजः। उपसर्पतु कुमारः।
अभिमन्युः – आः। कस्य महाराजः?
राजा – एह्येहि पुत्र! कथं न मामभिवादयसि? (आत्मगतम्) अहो! उत्सिक्तः खल्वयं क्षत्रियकुमारः। अहमस्य दर्पप्रशमनं करोमि। (प्रकाशम्) अथ केनायं गृहीतः?
भीमसेनः – महाराज! मया।
अभिमन्युः – अशस्त्रेणेत्यभिधीयताम्।
भीमसेनः – शान्तं पापम्। धनुस्तु दुर्बलैः एव गृह्यते। मम तु भुजौ एव प्रहरणम्।
अभिमन्युः – मा तावद् भोः! किं भवान् मध्यमः तात: यः तस्य सदृशं वचः वदति।
भगवान् – पुत्र! कोऽयं मध्यमो नाम?
अभिमन्युः – योक्त्रयित्वा जरासन्धं कण्ठश्लिष्टेन बाहुना।
असह्यं कर्म तत् कृत्वा नीतः कृष्णोऽतदर्हताम्॥
राजा – न ते क्षेपेण रुष्यामि, रुष्यता भवता रमे।
किमुक्त्वा नापराद्धोऽहं, कथं तिष्ठति यात्विति ॥
अभिमन्युः – यद्यहमनुग्राह्यः पादयोः समुदाचारः क्रियतां निग्रहोचितः।
बाहुभ्यामाहृतं भीमः बाहुभ्यामेव नेष्यति ॥
(ततः प्रविशत्युत्तरः)

शब्दार्थाः – इत इतः कुमारः = वत्सः अत्रागच्छतु (कुमार इधर-इधर आओ), एषः = अयम् (यह), महाराजः = नृपः (राजा), उपसर्पतु कुमारः = कुमारः समीपं गच्छतु (कुमार समीप जायें), आः! = अरे! (अरे!), कस्य महाराजः = कस्य नृपः (किसके महाराज), एोहि पुत्र! = तात! आगच्छ, आगच्छ (पुत्र! आओ, आओ), कथम् = किम् (क्या), न मामभिवादयसि = मम अभिवादनं न करोषि (मेरा अभिवादन नहीं करते हो), आत्मगतम् = स्वगतम् (मन ही मन में), अहो! = अरे! (अरे!), उत्तिक्तः = गर्वोद्धतः, (अहङ्कारी/गर्व से युक्त), खल्वयम् = वस्तुतः एषः (वास्तव में यह),

जन्यः सुतः (क्षत्रिय पुत्र/बालक), अहमस्य = अहम् एतस्य (मैं इसका), दर्पप्रशमनम् = गर्वशान्ति:/गर्वस्य शमनम् (घमंड की शान्ति), करोमि = विदधामि (करता हूँ), प्रकाशम् = सर्वेषां समक्षे (सबके सामने), अथ = ततः (तब), केनायं गृहीतः = एषः केन निगृहीतः (यह किसके द्वारा पकड़ा गया या इसे किसने पकड़ा), महाराज! मया = देव! मया भीमसेनेन (महाराज! मुझ भीमसेन द्वारा), अशस्त्रेणेत्यभिधीयताम् = शस्त्रेण विना इति कथ्यताम् (बिना शस्त्र, ऐसा कहो), शान्तं पापम् = अपसरतु अमङ्गलम् (अमंगल दूर हो),

धनुस्तु = चापस्तु (धनुष तो), दुर्बलैः एव = बलहीनैः एव (बलहीनों द्वारा ही), गृह्यते = ग्रहणं क्रियते (ग्रहण किया जाता है), मम तु भुजौ एव प्रहरणम् = मे तु बाहू एव शस्त्रम् (मेरी तो दो भुजाये ही हथियार है), मा तावद् भोः! = अरे! तदा अलम् (अरे! तब रहने दीजिए), किम् = क्या, भवान् = त्वम् (आप), मध्यमः तातः = मध्यमः पिता भीमसेनः (मझले पिता भीमसेन हो), यः तस्य = यः अमुष्य भीमसेनस्य (जो उस भीमसेन के), सदृशम् = तुल्यम् (समान), वचः = वचनं (वाणी), वदति = ब्रूते (बोलते हो), पुत्र! = वत्स! (बेटा), कोऽयं मध्यमो नाम = कः एषः मध्यः अभिधः? (यह मझला नाम वाला कौन है?),

योकत्रयित्वा = बद्ध्वा (बाँधकर), जरासन्धम् = जरासन्धनामानं शत्रु (जरासन्ध नाम के शत्रु को), कण्ठश्लिष्टेन बाहुना = गले पाशवत् बलितेन बाहुना (गले में फन्दे की तरह लिपटी हुई भुजा द्वारा), असा कर्म तत् कृत्वा = तत् असहनीयं कार्यं विधाय (उस असहनीय कार्य को करके), नीतः कृष्णो = वासुदेवः प्रापयितः (कृष्ण को पहुँचा दिया), अतदर्हताम् = अयोग्यताम् (अयोग्यता को), न ते क्षेपेण = न तव निन्दावचनेन आक्षेपेण (न तुम्हारे निन्दापूर्ण वचनों से/न तुम्हारी निन्दा से), रुष्यामि = क्रुद्धो भवामि (क्रोधित होता हूँ), रुष्यता = क्रुध्यता (क्रोधित हुए), भवता = त्वया (तुम्हारे द्वारा), रमे = प्रसन्नः भवामि (प्रसन्न होता हूँ), किमुक्त्वा = किं कथयित्वा (क्या कहकर),

नापराद्धोऽहं = न अहम् अपराधः कृतः (मैंने अपराध नहीं किया है/मैं अपराधी नहीं हूँ), कथं तिष्ठति = किं स्थितः (क्यों खड़े हो), यात्विति = गच्छतु इति (जाओ), यद्यहमनुग्राह्यः = अहं चेद् अनुग्रहस्य योग्यः (यदि मैं कृपा के योग्य हूँ), पादयोः = चरणयोः (चरणों में), समुदाचारः = शिष्टाचारः (सभ्य आचरण), क्रियताम् = विधीयताम् (किया जाये), निग्रहोत्रितः = बन्धनोचितः (उचित दण्ड), बाहुभ्याम् = भुजाभ्याम् (भुजाओं से), आहृतम् = आहरणं कृतम् (लाया गया है), भीमः बाहुभ्यामेव = मध्यमपाण्डवः भुजाभ्याम् एव (मझले पाण्डव भुजाओं से ही), नेष्यति = (ले जायेंगे)। ततः = तत्पश्चात् (तब), प्रविशत्युत्तरः = उत्तरः (विराट-पुत्रः) प्रवेशं करोति (विराट-पुत्र उत्तर प्रवेश करता है)

हिन्दी अनुवादः

सन्दर्भ – यह नाट्यांश हमारी पाठ्यपुस्तक शेमुषी के ‘प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्’ नामक पाठ से लिया गया है। यह पाठ मूल रूप से महाकवि भास-रचित ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ नाटक से सम्पादित करके संकलित किया गया है।
प्रसङ्ग – इस नाट्यांश में पकड़े गये अभिमन्यु के साथ भीम, अर्जुन आदि का संवाद हो रहा है। अभिमन्यु अनभिज्ञ होते हुए भी पाण्डवों की प्रशंसा करता है, शिष्टाचार का व्यवहार करता है तथा अपने पकड़े जाने का कारण स्पष्ट करता है।

अनुवादः

बृहन्नला – इधर-इधर (आओ) कुमार। ये महाराज हैं। कुमार पास जाइये।
अभिमन्यु – अरे, किसका महाराज? राजा आओ, आओ पुत्र! क्या मेरा अभिवादन नहीं करते हो? (अपने आपसे/मन में) अरे, (निश्चित ही) यह बालक गर्वयुक्त है। मैं इसका घमंड शान्त करता हैं। (सबके सामने) तो इसको किसने पकडा है?
भीमसेन – महाराज! मैंने।
अभिमन्यु – बिना शस्त्र के, ऐसा कहो।
भीमसेन – अमङ्गल दूर हो (पाप शान्त हो) धनुष तो बलहीनों (कमजोरों) के द्वारा ही ग्रहण किया जाता है। मेरी तो दो भुजाएँ ही शस्त्र हैं।
अभिमन्यु – अरे, तो रहने दीजिये (बस करिये) क्या आप मझले पिता हैं जो उन (भीमसेन) के समान वाणी बोलते हैं?
भगवान् – बेटा, यह मझला नाम वाला कौन है?
अभिमन्यु – जिसके द्वारा गले में (फंदे की तरह) लिपटी हुई भुजाओं से जरासंध को बाँधकर उस असहनीय कार्य को करके श्रीकृष्ण को (जरासंध को न मारने की) अयोग्यता की ओर पहुँचा दिया था।
राजा – (मैं) तुम्हारी निन्दा से क्रोधित नहीं होता हूँ। क्रोधित हुए आपसे प्रसन्न होता हूँ। क्यों खड़े हो? जाओ। क्या ऐसा कहकर मैं अपराधी नहीं हूँ?
अभिमन्यु – यदि मैं कृपा के योग्य हूँ तो-(आपके) चरणों में शिष्टाचार (प्रणाम)। जो भी उचित दंड हो, दीजिये। भुजाओं से (मुझे) लाया गया है (अब) भीमसेन भुजाओं से ही (उठाकर) ले जायेंगे।
[तब (विराट पुत्र) उत्तर प्रवेश करता है।]

संस्कत-व्यारव्याः

सन्दर्भ: – नाट्यांशोऽयम् अस्माकं पाठ्य-पुस्तकस्य ‘शेमुष्याः’ ‘प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्’ इति पाठाद् उद्धृतः। पाठोऽयं मूलतः भास-रचितात् ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ इति नाटकात् सम्पाद्य सङ्कलितः। (यह नाट्यांश हमारी पाठ्यपुस्तक ‘शेमुषी’ के ‘प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्’ पाठ से उद्धृत है। यहाँ पाठ मूलतः भास-रचित पञ्चरात्रम् नाटक का सम्पादित रूप संकलित है।)

प्रसङ्गः – नाट्यांशेऽस्मिन् निगृहीतेन अभिमन्युना सह भीमार्जुनादीनां संवादो भवति। अभिमन्युः अनभिज्ञः सन् अपि पाण्डवान् प्रशंसति, समुदाचारं करोति, स्व निग्रहणस्य कारणं च अपि कथयति। (इस नाटक में पकड़े हुए अभिमन्यु के साथ भीम-अर्जुन आदि का सम्वाद है। अभिमन्यु अनभिज्ञ होने पर भी पांडवों की प्रशंसा करता है तथा सदाचार करता है और अपने पकड़ने का कारण भी कहता है।)

व्याख्या:

बृहन्नला – वत्स! अत्रागच्छतु। अयं नृपः। कुमारः समीपमागच्छतु। (बेटा! यहाँ आओ। ये महाराज हैं। कुमार पास जाओ।)
अभिमन्युः – कस्य नृपः? (किसके राजा?)
राजा – आगच्छ आगच्छ पुत्र! किं मे अभिवादनं न करोषि? (स्वगतम्) अरे! गर्वोद्धतः वस्तुत एष राजन्यः सुतः। अहम् एतस्य गर्वशान्तिं विदधामि (सर्वेषां समक्षे) ततः एषः केन गृहीतः? (आओ, आओ पुत्र! क्या मेरा अभिवादन नहीं करोगे? अरे, वास्तव में यह राजा-पुत्र तो गर्व से उदंड है। मैं इसका गर्व शान्त करता हूँ। (सबके सामने) तो यह किसने बन्दी बनाया?)
भीमसेनः – देव! मया (गृहीतः)। (महाराज! मैंने।)
अभिमन्युः – शस्त्रेण बिना इति कथ्यताम्। (बिना हथियार, ऐसा कहो।)
भीमसेनः – अपसरतु अमङ्गलम्। चापस्तु बलहीनैः एव ग्रहणं क्रियते। मे तु बाहू एव शस्त्रम्। (अमंगल दूर हो, धनुष तो निर्बलों द्वारा ग्रहण किया जाता है। मेरी तो भुजायें ही हथियार हैं।)
अभिमन्युः – रे तदा अलम्! अपि त्वं मध्यमपिता भीमसेनः यः तेन (भीमसेनेन)तुल्यं वचनं ब्रूते? (अरे तो रहने दो। क्या तुम बीच के पिताजी भीमसेन हो जो उनकी तरह वचन बोल रहे हो।)
भीमः – वत्स! क एष मध्यः (मध्यमः) अभिधानम्? (बेटा यह मध्य किसका नाम है?)
अभिमन्युः – (यः) कण्ठे पाशवत् बलितेन बाहुना जरासन्धं बद्ध्वा तम् असहनीयं कार्यं विधाय कृष्णः अयोग्यतां प्रापयितः। (जिसने गले में फंदे की तरह लिपटी हुई भुजाओं से जरासन्ध को बाँधकर उस असहनीय कार्य को करके श्रीकृष्ण को अयोग्यता प्राप्त करा दी।)
राजा – (अहं) तव निन्दावचनेन न क्रुद्धो भवामि। त्वया क्रुध्यतया (अहं) प्रीतः (प्रसन्नः) भवामि। किं स्थितः? गच्छतु, किम् इति कथयित्वा अहं न कृतापराधः? (मैं तुम्हारी निन्दा से क्रोधित नहीं होता हूँ। तुम्हारी नाराजी से मैं प्रसन्न होता हूँ। क्यों खड़े हो? क्या ऐसा कहकर मैं अपराधी नहीं हूँ।)
अभिमन्युः – अहम् अनुग्रहस्य योग्यः कृपापात्रं वा चेत् तर्हि (भवतः) चरणयोः शिष्टाचारः। (यदि) बन्धनोचितः तर्हि (तत्) विधीयताम्। यः भुजाभ्यां मम आहरणम् अकरोत् स भीमः (मध्यमपाण्डवः) भुजाभ्यामेव (मां) नेष्यति। [तत्पश्चात् (विराट-पुत्रः) उत्तरः प्रवेशं करोति] (यदि मैं कृपा के योग्य हूँ तो आपके चरणों में शिष्टाचार अर्थात् प्रणाम। जो भी उचित दंड हो दीजिए। भुजाओं से मुझे लाया गया है अब भीमसेन भुजाओं से ही उठाकर ले जायेंगे।)
(तव विराट पुत्र उत्तर प्रदेश करता है।)

अवबोधन कार्यम्

प्रश्न 1.
एकपदेन उत्तरत- (एक शब्द में उत्तर दीजिए-)
(क) कोऽयं महाराजः? (यह महाराज कौन है?)
(ख) ‘मध्यमः’ कः उच्यते? (मध्यम कौन कहलाता है?)

प्रश्न 2.
पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत – (पूरे वाक्य में उत्तर दीजिए-)
(क) राजा अभिमन्यु किं पृच्छति? (राजा अभिमन्यु से क्या पूछता है?)
(ख) ‘अशस्त्रेण’ इति उक्त भीमः किं कथयति? (‘निःशस्त्र द्वारा ऐसा कहने पर भीम ने क्या कहा?)

प्रश्न 3.
यथानिर्देशम् उत्तरत-(निर्देशानुसार उत्तर दीजिए-)
(क) ‘सबलैः’ इति पदस्य विलोमपदं नाट्यांशात् अन्विष्य लिखत।
(‘सबलैः’ इस पद का विलोम पद नाट्यांश से ढूँढ़ कर लिखिए।)
(ख) ‘अहमस्य दर्पशमनं करोमि’ अत्र अस्य इति सर्वनामपदं कस्मै प्रयुक्तम्?
(‘अहमस्य दर्पशमनं करोमि’ यहाँ ‘अस्य’ सर्वनाम पद को किसके लिए प्रयोग किया है?)
उत्तराणि :
(1) (क) युधिष्ठिरः।
(ख) भीमसेनः।

(2) (क) एह्येहि पुत्र! कथं न मामभिवादयसि? (आओ पुत्र! मेरा अभिवादन नहीं करोगे।)
(ख) शान्तं पापम्। धनुस्तु दुर्बलैः एव गृह्यते। मम तु भुजौ एव प्रहरणम्। (पाप शान्त हों। धनुष तो दुर्बल लोगों द्वारा ग्रहण किया जाता है। मेरी तो भुजायें ही शस्त्र हैं।)

(3) (क) दुर्बलैः (कमजोरों द्वारा)।
(ख) अभिमन्योः (अभिमन्यु का)।

4. उत्तरः – तात! अभिवादये!
राजा – आयुष्मान् भव पुत्र ! पूजिताः कृतकर्माणो योधपुरुषाः।
उत्तरः – पूज्यतमस्य क्रियतां पूजा।
राजा – पुत्र! कस्मै?
उत्तरः – इहात्रभवते धनञ्जयाय।
राजा – कथं धनञ्जयायेति?
उत्तरः – अथ किम्
श्मशानाद्धनुरादाय तूणीराक्षयसायके।
नृपा भीष्मादयो भग्ना वयं च परिरक्षिताः॥
राजा – एवमेतत्।
उत्तरः – व्यपनयतु भवाञ्छङ्काम्। अयमेव अस्ति धनुर्धरः धनञ्जयः।
बृहन्नला – यद्यहं अर्जुनः तर्हि अयं भीमसेनः अयं च राजा युधिष्ठिरः।
अभिमन्युः – इहात्रभवन्तो मे पितरः। तेन खलु ….
न रुष्यन्ति मया क्षिप्ता हसन्तश्च क्षिपन्ति माम्।
दिष्ट्या गोग्रहणं स्वन्तं पितरो येन दर्शिताः।
(इति क्रमेण सर्वान् प्रणमति, सर्वे च तम् आलिङ्गन्ति।)

शब्दार्थाः – तात! = पितः! (पिताजी!), अभिवादये = अभिवादनं करोमि (मैं अभिवादन करता हूँ), आयुष्मान् भव पुत्र! = वत्स! चिरञ्जीवी भव (बेटा! चिरायु हो), पूजिताः = (पूजे गये हैं), कृतकर्माणः = निपुणाः (कर्मनिष्ठ निपुण लोग), योधपुरुषाः = योद्धारः (योद्धा लोग), पूज्यतमस्य = पूजनीयेषु श्रेष्ठस्य (पूजनीयों में श्रेष्ठ की), क्रियतां पूजा = पूजनं विधीयताम् (पूजा की जानी चाहिए), पुत्र! कस्मै? = वत्स कस्यार्थं (बेटा किसके लिए अर्थात् किसकी पूजा की जानी चाहिए?), इहात्रभवते = अत्र उपस्थिताय पूज्याय. (यहाँ उपस्थित पूज्य),

धनञ्जयाय = अर्जुनाय (अर्जुन के लिए), कथं धनञ्जयायेति = किम् अर्जुनाय (क्या अर्जुन के लिए), अथ किम् = आम् (जी, हाँ), श्मशानात् = पितृकाननात् (श्मशान भूमि से), धनुरादाय = चापमानीय (धनुष लेकर), तूणीर = शरकोशः (तरकस), अक्षयसायके = क्षयहीनाः शराः (अक्षय बाण), नृपाः भीष्मादयः = भीष्म आदयः राजानः (भीष्म आदि राजा लोग), भग्नाः = पराजिताः, विनष्टाः जाताः (पराजित कर दिये गये), वयं च परिरक्षिताः = अस्माकं च रक्षा कृता (और हमारी रक्षा की), एवमेतत् = इदम् इत्थम् (यह इस प्रकार से है), व्यपनयतु = दूरी करोतु (दूर करें),

भवाञ्छङ्काम् = त्वं संशयम् (तुम संशय को), अयमेव अस्ति = एष एव वर्तते (यही है), धनुर्धरः धनञ्जयः = (श्रेष्ठः) धनुर्धरः अर्जुनः (श्रेष्ठ धनुर्धर अर्जुन), यद्यहम् = अहं चेत् (यदि मैं), अर्जुनः = धनञ्जयः (अर्जुन), तर्हि अयं भीमसेनः = तदा एषः भीमः (तो यह भीमसेन है), अयं च = एषः च (और यह), राजा युधिष्ठिरः = नृपः युधिष्ठिरः (राजा युधिष्ठिर हैं), इह = अत्र (यहाँ), अत्रभवन्तः = पूज्याः (पूज्य लोग), मे = मम (मेरे), पितरः = पितृजनाः (पितृजन हैं),

तेन = अनेन कारणेन (इसलिए), खलु = निश्चितरूपेण (निश्चित ही), न रुष्यन्ति = क्रुद्धाः न भवन्ति (क्रोधित नहीं होते हैं), मया = मेरे द्वारा, क्षिप्ताः = व्यङ्ग्येन संबोधिताः (व्यंग्यपूर्वक संबोधित किये जाते हुए), हसन्तश्च = हास्यपूर्णाः सन्त: च (और हँसते हुए), क्षिपन्ति माम् = मां व्यङ्ग्येन सम्बोधयन्ति (मुझे आक्षेप करते हैं), दिष्ट्या = भाग्येन (सौभाग्य से), गोग्रहणम् = धेनूनाम् अपहरणम् (गायों का अपहरण), स्वन्तम् = सु + अन्तं, सुखान्तम् (सुखान्त हो गया),

पितरो येन दर्शितः = तेन (गोग्रहणेन) पिता पितृव्याः अवलोकयिताः (जिसने पिता, चाचा, ताऊ दिखा दिये), इति = एवमुक्त्वा (ऐसा कहकर), क्रमेण = क्रमशः (एक-एक करके क्रमानुसार), सर्वान् = निःशेषान् (सभी को), प्रणमति = प्रणामं करोति (प्रणाम करता है), सर्वे च = निःशेषाश्च (और सभी), तम् = अभिमन्युम् (उस अभिमन्यु को), आलिङ्गन्ति = परिष्वजन्ते (गले लगाते हैं)।

हिन्दी अनुवादः

सन्दर्भ – यह नाट्यांश हमारी पाठ्यपुस्तक ‘शेमुषी’ के ‘प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्’ नामक पाठ से लिया गया है। यह पाठ महाकवि भास-विरचित ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ नाटक का सम्पादित रूप है।

प्रसंग – इस नाट्यांश में विराट-पुत्र उत्तर के आ जाने पर रहस्योद्घाटन हो जाता है। सभी अपने-अपने छद्म वेष को त्याग कर यथार्थ स्वरूप से जाने जाते हैं। अपने पितृजनों को पाकर सुभद्रानन्दन अति प्रसन्न होता है और सभी का अभिवादन करता है और गुरुजन उसका आलिङ्गन करते हैं।’

अनुवादः

उत्तर – पिताजी! मैं अभिवादन (प्रणाम) करता हूँ।
राजा – वत्स! चिरायु हो। कर्मनिष्ठ योद्धा लोग पूजे गये हैं।
उत्तर – पूजनीयों में श्रेष्ठं की पूजा की जानी चाहिए।
राजा – बेटा! किसके लिए (किसकी पूजा की जाय)?
उत्तर – यहाँ उपस्थित अर्जुन के लिये। राजा-क्या पूज्य अर्जुन के लिए?
उत्तर – जी, हाँ (इन्होंने) श्मशान-भूमि से धनुष, तरकस और अक्षय बाणों को लेकर भीष्म आदि राजाओं को पराजित किया तथा हमारी भली-भाँति सुरक्षा की।
राजा – यह इस प्रकार से है।
उत्तर – आप शंका दूर करें। यह ही श्रेष्ठ धनुर्धर अर्जुन हैं।
बृहन्नला – यदि मैं अर्जुन हूँ तो यह भीमसेन हैं और यह महाराज युधिष्ठिर हैं।
अभिमन्यु – यहाँ ये पूज्य लोग मेरे पितृजन (चाचा-ताऊ) हैं। इसलिए निश्चित ही आप लोग व्यंग्यपूर्वक सम्बोधित किये जाते हुए, हँसते हुए क्रोधित नहीं होते हैं और मेरा आक्षेप (व्यंग्य) करते हैं। सौभाग्य से गायों का अपहरण सुखान्त हो गया, जिसने कि मेरे पिताजी और पितृव्यों के दर्शन करा दिए।
(ऐसा कहकर क्रमशः सभी को प्रणाम करता है और सभी उस (अभिमन्यु) को गले लगाते हैं।)

संस्कत-व्यारव्याः

सन्दर्भ: – नाट्यांशोऽयम् अस्माकं पाठ्य-पुस्तकस्य ‘शेमुष्याः’ ‘प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्’ इति पाठात् उद्धृतः। पाठोऽयं महाकविः भासविरचितस्य ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ इति नाटकस्य सम्पादितरूपं वर्तते। (यह नाट्यांश हमारी पाठ्यपुस्तक ‘शेमुषी’ के ‘प्रत्यभिज्ञानम्’ पाठ से उद्धृत है। यहाँ पाठ महाकवि भास-विरचित ‘पञ्चरात्रम्’ नाटक का सम्पादित रूप संकलित है।)
प्रसङ्गः – अस्मिन् नाट्यांशे विराट-पुत्रे उत्तरे आगते रहस्योद्घाटनं भवति। सर्वे स्व-स्व छद्मवेषं परित्यज्य यथार्थ स्वरूपेणाभिज्ञायन्ते। स्वकीयान् पितृजनान् प्राप्य सौभद्रोऽति प्रसन्नो भवति, सर्वान् अभिवादयति, गुरवश्च तमालिङ्गन्ति। (इस नाट्यांश में विराट पुत्र उत्तर के आ जाने पर रहस्य खुलता है। सभी अपने अपने वेष त्याग कर असली रूप में पहचाने . जाते हैं। अपने पितृजनों को प्राप्तकर अभिमन्यु प्रसन्न होता है, सभी को अभिवादन करता है, बड़े उसको गले लगाते हैं।)

व्याख्याः

(तदा विराट-पुत्रः उत्तर: उपस्थितः भवति) (तब विराट-पुत्र उत्तर उपस्थित होता है)
उत्तरः – पितः! अहम् अभिवादनं करोमि (प्रणमामि)। (पिताजी, मैं अभिवादन करता हूँ (प्रणाम करता हूँ।))
राजा – वत्स! चिरञ्जीवी भव। सम्पादितकर्मणाः योद्धारः पूजिताः। (बेटा, चिरायु हो। कार्य सम्पादित करने वाले योद्धाओं का सम्मान किया जाय।)
उत्तरः – पूजनीयेषु श्रेष्ठस्य पूजा विधेया। (पूजनीयों में श्रेष्ठ की पूजा होनी चाहिए।)
राजा – वत्स! कस्मै (कस्य पूजा क्रियताम्)? (बेटा, किसे, किसकी पूजा की जाये?)
उत्तर – अत्रोपस्थिताय पूज्याय अर्जुनाय। (यहाँ उपस्थित अर्जुन की।)
राजा – किम्, अर्जुनाय? (क्या अर्जुन की?)
उत्तर – आम्-(अयम्) पितृकाननात् धनुषं शरकोशंक्षयहीनान् च शरान् आदाय भीष्म आदयः राजानः पराजिताः अस्माकं च रक्षा कृता। (हाँ, (यह) शमशान से धनुष, तूणीर तथा अक्षय बाणों को लेकर भीष्म आदि को पराजित किया और हमारी रक्षा की।)
राजा – इदम् एवमेव। (अच्छा तो यह इस प्रकार है।)
उत्तरः – त्वं संशयं दूरीकुरु। एष एव (श्रेष्ठ) धनुर्धरः अर्जुनः अस्ति। (आप शंका दूर करें। यह ही श्रेष्ठ धनुर्धर अर्जुन हैं।)
बृहन्नला – अहं चेत् धनञ्जयः तदा एषः भीमसेनः एषः च नृपः युधिष्ठिरः। (यदि मैं अर्जुन हूँ तो यह भीमसेन है और ये महाराज युधिष्ठिर हैं।)
अभिमन्युः – अत्र पूज्याः मे पितृजनः। तर्हि निश्चितमेव भवन्तः मया व्यङ्ग्येन संबोधिताः, हसन्तः न क्रुध्यन्ति मां च आक्षिपन्ति। सौभाग्येन धेनूनाम् अपहरणं सुखान्तं सञ्जातम् येन (मम) पिता पितृव्याः अवलोकयिताः। (यहाँ ये पूज्य मेरे चत ही आप लोग व्ङग्यपूर्वक संबोधित किए जाते हए. हँसते हए क्रोधित नहीं होते हैं और मेरे ऊपर आक्षेप करते हैं। सौभाग्य से गायों का अपहरण सुखान्त हो गया, जिसने कि मेरे पिताजी और चाचा-ताऊओं के दर्शन करा दिए।)
(इत्युक्त्वा क्रमशः नि:शेषान् अभिवादयति, निःशेषाश्च तम् (अभिमन्यु) परिष्वजन्ते।) (ऐसा कहकर अभिमन्यु क्रमशः सभी को प्रणाम करता है और सभी उसको गले लगाते हैं।)

अवबोधन कार्यम्

प्रश्न 1.
एकपदेन उत्तरत – (एक शब्द में उत्तर दीजिए-)
(क) कस्य पूजा क्रियताम्? (किसकी पूजा की जानी चाहिए?)
(ख) धनञ्जयः इत्यभिधानं कस्मै प्रयुक्तम्? (धनञ्जय नाम का प्रयोग किसके लिए किया गया है?)

प्रश्न 2.
पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत- (पूरे वाक्य में उत्तर दीजिए-)
(क) अभिवाद्यमानं उत्तरं राजा किं कथयति? (अभिवादन करते हुए उत्तर से राजा क्या कहता है?)
(ख) धनञ्जय कस्मात् पूजनीयः? (अर्जुन क्यों पूजनीय है?)

प्रश्न 3.
यथानिर्देशम् उत्तरत-(निर्देशानुसार उत्तर दीजिए-)
(क) ‘कथं धनञ्जयायेतिः’ किमपि एकम् अव्यय शब्दं चित्वा लिखत।
(‘कथं धनञ्जयायेति?’ कोई एक अव्यय चनकर लिखिए।)
(ख) ‘इहात्रभवन्तो मे पितरः’ अत्र ‘मे’ इति सर्वनाम पदं कस्मै प्रयुक्तम्? – (इहात्रभवन्तो मे’ पितरः’ यहाँ ‘मे’ सर्वनाम पद किसके लिए प्रयोग हुआ है?)
उत्तराणि :
(1) (क) पूज्यतमस्य (सर्वाधिक पूजने योग्य की)।
(ख) अर्जुनाय (अर्जुन के लिए)।

(2) (क) आयुष्मान् भव पुत्र! पूजिताः कृतकर्माणो योधपुरुषाः। (चिरायु हो पुत्र, कर्मनिष्ठ योद्धा पूजे गये हैं।)
(ख) यतः येन श्मशानात् धनुः तूणीर-अक्षय शायके चानीय भीष्मादयः हताः वयं रक्षिताः’ सः धनञ्जयः पूज्यः। (क्योंकि जिसके द्वारा शमशान से धनुष, तरकस, अक्षय बाण लाकर भीष्मादि को मारा तथा हमारी रक्षा की। अतः अर्जुन पूज्य है।)

(3) (क) कथम् (कैसे)।
(ख) अभिमन्योः (अभिमन्यु के)।