JAC Board Class 10th Social Science Important Questions Economics Chapter 1 Development
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
What does ‘HDR’ stand for?
(a) Human Development Result
(b) Human Development Report
(c) Human Deliverable report
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Human Development Report
Question 2.
What is the most common indicator to measure development?
(a) Per Capita Income
(b) Infant mortality rate
(c) Literacy level
(d) Environmental degradation
Answer:
(a) Per Capita Income
Question 3.
What per capita income per annum makes a country rich as per WDR 2006?
(a) ₹ 4,53,000
(b) ₹ 37,000
(c) ₹ 2,00,000
(d) ₹ 26,000
Answer:
(a) ₹ 4,53,000
Question 4.
What does IMR stand for?
(a) International Mortality Rate
(b) International Monetary Report
(c) Infant Mortality Rate
(d) Infant Mortality Report
Answer:
(c) Infant Mortality Rate
Question 5.
What BMI indicates that an adult person is overweight?
(a) 25
(b) 18.5
(c) 18
(d) 22
Answer:
(a) 25
Question 6.
Which organization publishes Human Development Report?
(a) World Bank
(b) UNDP
(c) International Monetary Fund
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) UNDP
Question 7.
Which of the following is a renewable resource?
(a) Groundwater
(b) Coa
(c) Crude oil
(d) Nuclear energy
Answer:
(a) Groundwater
Question 8.
Which of the following country was ahead of India in both Per capita income and life expectancy at birth in 2004?
(a) Myanmar
(b) Nepal
(c) Sri Lanka
(d) Pakistan
Answer:
(c) Sri Lanka
Question 9.
………. is a PDS shop in India.
(a) Shoe shop
(b) Vegetable shop
(c) Chemist shop
(d) Ration shop
Answer:
(d) Ration shop
Question 10.
Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population in the ………. and above age group.
(a) 7
(b) 10
(c) 14
(d) 6
Answer:
(a) 7
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What could be at least one developmental goal of a landless rural labourer?
Answer:
One developmental goal of landless rural labourer would be more days of work and better wages.
Question 2.
What development goals people aspire?
Answer:
People look at a mix of goals for development.
Question 3.
What may allow women to take more variety of jobs?
Answer:
A secure and safe environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs.
Question 4.
What is Infant Mortality Rate?
Answer:
Infant Mortality Rate (or IMR) indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children bom in that particular year.
Question 5.
What is the role of Public Distribution System?
Answer:
The role of PDS is to make food available at lower cost to the public.
Question 6.
Which indicators are used to measure development by UNDP?
Answer:
Human Development Report published by UNDP measures development based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita income.
Question 7.
What is BMI?
Answer:
BMI stands for Body Mass Index, which calculates the nutrition level of a body. It is calculated by dividing weight of a person by the square of his height.
Question 8.
In which currency the per capita income of all countries is made?
Answer:
US Dollar $ is used to calculate the per capita income of all countries.
Question 9.
Mention any two renewable and two non-renewable resources.
Answer:
Solar energy and wind energy are renewable sources of energy. Thermal energy and nuclear energy are nonrenewable sources of energy.
Question 10.
Why Kerala has low Infant Mortality Rate?
Answer:
Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate because it has adequate provision of basic educational facilities and health facilities.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What is average income?
Answer:
Average income is also called per capita income. It is the total income of the country divided by its total population.
Question 2.
What could be developmental goal of prosperous farmers from Haryana?
Answer:
Developmental goals that a prosperous farmer from Haryana aspires could be assured high family income through higher support prices for their crops, through hardworking and cheap labourers. Many also aspire to settle their children abroad.
Question 3.
What is Human Development?
Answer:
Human development means development of people in such a way that they can lead a happy and good quality life, with proper education, health, security, freedom and income.
Question 4.
Why India comes under low middle – income category as per World Development Report?
Answer:
India is a low – middle income category country as per WDR because of lower per capita income. India’s per capita income in 2017 was US $ 1820 per year. Look at the table and answer the question numbers 5 and 6.
| State | Per Capita loco me for 2015 – 16 (in ₹) | Infant Mortality Rate per 1.000 (2016) | Literacy Rate (%) (2011) |
| Haryana | 1,62,034 | 33 | 61 |
| Kerala | 1,40,190 | 10 | 83 |
| Bihar | 31,454 | 38 | 43 |
Question 5.
Why Haryana with high per capita income (2015-16) than Kerala lags behind Infant Mortality Rate and literacy rate?
Answer:
- This is because higher income does not guarantee one to get all the goods and services that one may need to live well. So, income by itself is not a complete adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use.
- For example, money does not guarantee pollution free environment, it may not be able to protect us from infectious diseases, unless the whole of the community takes preventive steps.
- Money does not ensure that everyone (including girl child) enjoy the right to education, for this the attitude of the community needs to change.
- Thus, Haiyana even with high per capita income lags behind Kerala in IMR and literacy rate.
Question 6.
What could be the reasons behind higher infant mortality rate in Bihar?
Answer:
Lack of basic health facilities, under nourishment of kids, gender discrimination with female child getting neglected are few reasons behind high infant mortality rate in the state.
Question 7.
What is sustainable development?
Answer:
- Sustainable development means development that guarantees availability of resources for future generation so that they are able to fulfill their needs like us.
- It is to improve the current level of development or maintain the pace of development in future as well.
Question 8.
What is renewable and non-renewable resources?
Answer:
- Renewable resources are the ones, which are replenished by nature such as vegetation, crops, groundwater etc.
- Non – renewable resources are the one’s which will get exhausted after use. Such resources do ot get replenished, as have limited stock on the earth. Such as coal, natural oil etc.
Question 9.
What is Net Attendance Ratio?
Answer:
It’s an indicator to assess the education level of a state, region or a country. Net Attendance Ratio is the total number of children of age group 14 and 15 attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group.
Question 10.
Why is groundwater under serious threat in India?
Answer:
Groundwater is under serious threat because of over usages. In states like Punjab and western Utter Pradesh groundwater is used on regular basis for agricultural purposes, even in urban areas or big cities dependency on groundwater is high due to higher demand for water by increasing population.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Why is sustainable development important?
Answer:
- Sustainable development is important because even for developed countries to maintain the current level of development or aim to do better, development needs to be sustained.
- Sustaining development is possible with judicious usage of natural resources especially the non -renewable resources.
- Development should not be done at the cost of environmental degradation; resources should not be overused so that future generation is able to utilize the resources for their development.
- The present levels of development are not sustainable. Post industrial revolution and at the current level of industrialization, the natural resources such as fossil fuels, water, forest etc. are getting overused and misused, which is resulting into environmental degradation.
- Depleting stock of non – renewable resources from the earth would hamper the chances of development for future generation.
- Hence sustainable development with conservation of nature and natural resources is important.
Question 2.
What would result due to over usage of non-renewable resources?
Answer:
- Non – renewable resources are resources, which cannot be replenished by nature.
- Since industrial revolution non – renewable resources such as coal, crude oil and natural gas have been extensively used for development.
- Countries all over the world are still dependent on fossil fuels as major sources of energy. The challenge is due to overutilization stock of resources is reducing from the earth.
- Chances are our future generation may not get to use these resources at all for their development.
- Though new resources can be discovered, which were not discovered earlier, but overutilization of resources will ultimately exhaust the non – renewable resources.
Question 3.
What is national development?
Answer:
- National development is when a country or a nation is able to provide good quality life to its people. Every individual has different goals and aspiration.
- People’s notion for national development is different. People may have different as well as conflicting notions of a country’s development.
- A country can mainly develop when it is able to meet the basic requirement of its people without impacting the environment or causing environment degradation.
- A country can develop not only with higher per capita income but when its people have all the basic facilities like health facilities, education facilities, security, freedom to live, clean environment and ample resources for future.
Question 4.
Compare developed and developing countries? Give example.
Answer:
| Developed Countries | Developing Countries |
| (i) These countries have higher per capita income. | (i) They have lower but increasing per capita income. |
| (ii) Living standards of its people are high. | (ii) Living standards of all people are not high. |
| (iii) Literacy rate is high due to better educational infrastructure and facilities. Also, due to easy accessibility to education, the literacy rate of these countries is better. | (iii) Literacy rate is low due to lack of proper educational infrastructure and facilities for all. Education is not easily accessible to many. |
| (iv) Lower infant mortality rate and high life expectancy due to better health facilities. | (iv) High infant mortality rate and low life expectancy due to less health facilities. |
| (v) Developed countries are Australia, USA, Japan etc. | (v) Developing countries are India, China etc. |
Question 5.
What are public facilities?
Answer:
- Public facilities are facilities offered by the government for the people of the country. Better public facilities are indicators of the level of development of the country or state or a region.
- Public facilities include affordable housing, education and health facilities for all, ensuring access to clean environment and safe drinking water for all preventing health hazards and spread of infectious diseases, better infrastructure for easy and affordable transport etc.
- Public facilities are required for people to lead an affordable, comfortable and good quality life.
- Examples of public facilities are rail services, government schools, public transport such as bus, metro etc.
Activity Based Questions
Question 1.
Compare per capita income of the city A and city B. Assuming that both cities have five people, calculate the per capita income and find out which city is better to live in? Monthly income of each person
| City | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Per capita income |
| A | 9500 | 10000 | 9800 | 10200 | 10500 | |
| B | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 46,000 |
Answer:
Per capita income is total income divided by the population.
| City | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| A | 9500 | 10000 | 9800 | 10200 | 10500 | 1000 |
| B | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 46,000 | 10000 |
The table shows the per capita income of both the cities (A and B) are same. The per capita income of both the cities is same. However, city A would be a better place to live in as all the people of the city earns more or less similar to the average income. But the income pattern of city B shows only one person is earning more and rest all earn very less than the average income. Hence, City A would be decent place to stay, as one can expect to earn decent income.