Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions

September 6, 2024September 4, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions

JAC Class 7th Geography Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions InText Questions and Answers

Page 56

Question 1.
Name the countries of the basin through which the equator passes.
Answer:
The countries of the basin through which the equator passes are Ecuador, Colombia and Brazil.

Question 2.
Some TV channels broadcast documentaries on the wildlife of the world. Try to watch some of the films and share your experience with the class.
Answer:
Students need to do it themselves.

Page 60

Question 3.
River Brahmaputra is known by different names in different places. Find the other names of the river.
Answer:
Padma in Bangladesh, Siang in Arunachal Pradesh, Tsangpo or Yarlung Zangbo in Tibet.

Question 4.
Collect some handicrafts made from jute, bamboo and silk. Display them in the class. Find out in which area they were made?
Answer:
Jute, bamboo and silk are made in Bihar, West Bengal and Assam.

JAC Class 7th Geography Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical RegionsTextbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) Name the continent in which the Amazon Basin is located.
Answer:
The continent in which the Amazon Basin is located is South America.

(ii) What are the crops grown by the people of the Amazon Basin?
Answer:
The crops grown by the people of the Amazon Basin are pineapple, tapioca and sweet potato. Maize, coffee and cocoa are also grown as cash crops.

(iii) Name the birds that you are likely to find in the rainforests of the Amazon.
Answer:
The birds that are likely to found in the rainforests of the Amazon are macaws, humming bird and toucans.

(iv) What are the major cities located on the River Ganga?
Answer:
The major cities located on the River Ganga are Kolkata, Patna, Varanasi, Kanpur and Prayagraj (Allahabad).

(v) Where is the one-horned rhinoceros found?
Answer:
In the Brahmaputra plain, the one-horned rhinoceros is found.

Tick (√) the correct answer.

Question 2.
(i) Toucans are a type of
(a) birds
(b) animals
(c) crops
Answer:
(a) birds

(ii) Manioc is the staple food of
(a) Ganga Basin
(b) Africa
(c) Amazon
Answer:
(c) Amazon

(iii) Kolkata is located on the river
(a) Orange
(b) Hooghly
(c) Bhagirathi
Answer:
(b) Hooghly

(iv) Deodars and firs are a type of
(a) Coniferous trees
(b) Deciduous trees
(c) Shrubs
Answer:
(a) Coniferous trees

(v) Bengal tiger is found in
(a) mountains
(b) delta area
(c) Amazon
Answer:
(b) delta area

Question 3.
Match the following.

(i) Cotton textile	(a) Assam
(ii) Maloca	(b) Terrace farming
(iii) Piranha	(c) Sericulture
(iv) Silk worm	(d) Slanting roof
(v) Kaziranga	(e) Ganga plain
	(f) Varanasi
	(g) Fish

Answer:

(i) Cotton textile	(e) Ganga plain
(ii) Maloca	(d) Slanting roof
(iii) Piranha	(g) Fish
(iv) Silkworm	(c) Sericulture
(v) Kaziranga	(a) Assam

Question 4.
Give reasons.
(i) The rainforests are depleting.
Answer:
The rainforests is depleting due to the developmental activities that are going at a fast speed. It is evaluated that a large region of the rainforest has been disappearing yearly in the basin. As a result, the top soils is washed away when the rain falls and the lush green forests turn into barren and empty landscape. Apart from this, setting up large scale industries after the clearing of forests.

(ii) Paddy is grown in the Ganga- Brahmaputra plains.
Answer:
Paddy cultivation needs sufficient water. The Ganga-Brahmaputra plains fulfills this condition hence paddy is grown in the Ganga- Brahmaputra plains.

Question 5.
Map Skills
(i) On an outline map of Indian Sub-continent, draw the rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra from the source to the mouth. Also show the important tributaries of both the rivers.
Answer:
Important tributaries of river Ganga: Yamuna, Gomti, Kosi, Damodar Important tributaries of river Brahmaputra: Teesta, Dibang,
Kolong, Lohit, Subansiri. Do it yourself.

(ii) On the political map of the South America, draw the equator. Mark the countries located on the equator.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

(For Fun)

Question 6.
Make a collage to show places of attractions in India. You can divide the class in different groups to show attractions based on mountain landscapes, coastal beaches, wildlife sanctuaries and places of historical importance.
Answer:
Students need to do it yourself.

Question 7.
Activity
Collect under mentioned material and observe how destruction of trees effect the soil cover.
Material

Three small flowerpots or food cans (e.g., cold drinks tin cans),
one big can with holes punched in the bottom (this will act as a sprinkling can),
twelve coins or bottle caps
soil.

Process:
Take three small cans or pots. Fill them with soil till the top. Press the soil to make it level with the top of the can. Now put four coins or bottle caps on the soil of each can. Take the big can that has been punched with holes and fill it with water. You can also take the sprinkling can from your garden. Now, sprinkle water on the three cans. On the first can sprinkle water very slowly so that no soil splashes out.

Let moderate amount of water be sprinkled on the second can. On the third can, sprinkle the water heavily. You will observe that unprotected soil splashes out. Where the ‘rain’ is heavy the amount of soil that splashes out is the maximum and least in case of the first can. The coins or caps represent the tree covers. It is clear that if the land is cleared completely of the vegetation, the soil cover will quickly disappear.
Answer:
Students need to do it by themselves under the guidance of teachers parents.

JAC Class 7th Geography Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Through Delhi, the largest tributary of the Ganges passes. The city which join the river Ganga is
(a) Kanpur
(b) Patna
(c) Prayagraj
(d) Kolkata
Answer:
(c) Prayagraj

Question 2.
The major cities of India and Bangladesh which flank the Ganga- Brahmaputra delta are
(a) Patna and Dhaka
(b) Kolkata and Dhaka
(c) Patna and Faridpur
(d) Kolkata and Faridpur
Answer:
(b) Kolkata and Dhaka

Question 3.
The Ganges which joins the Brahmaputra in to form one of the largest river basins in the world.
(a) Nepal
(b) India
(c) China
(d) Bangladesh
Answer:
(d) Bangladesh

Question 4.
The most common food eaten by the Amazon people are
(a) Manioc
(b) Plum
(c) Passion fruit
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Manioc

Question 5.
The Amazon river basin encompasses the countries of Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
river is not a tributary of the Amazon,
(a) Purus
(b) Songa
(c) Rio Negro
(d) Nile
Answer:
(b) Songa

Question 6.
……. is not situated on the banks of the river Ganga.
(a) Indore
(b) Kolkata
(c) Patna
(d) Varanasi
Answer:
(a) Indore

Question 7.
The animal which is not found in the rainforest is
(a) Sloth
(b) Jaguars
(c) Lions
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Lions

Question 8.
Climate found in the Amazon Basin is
(a) Hot and wet
(b) Extremely cold
(c) Hot and humid
(d) Extremely hot
Answer:
(a) Hot and wet

Question 9.
Piranha is a type of
(a) Bird
(b) Reptiles
(c) Insect
(d) Fish
Answer:
(d) Fish

Question 10.
Cash crops grown in the Ganga- Brahmaputra plain are
(a) Jute and sugarcane
(b) Sugarcane and maize
(c) Jute and maize
(d) Sugarcane and banana
Answer:
(a) Jute and sugarcane

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the cash crops that the rainforest people grow?
Answer:
The cash crops that the rainforest people grow are coffee, maize and cocoa.

Question 2.
What do you mean by bromeliads?
Answer:
The special plants that store water in their leaves are known as bromeliads. Animals such as frogs use these pockets of water for laying their eggs.

Question 3.
Name the crops which are grown in Ganga-Brahmaputra basin.
Answer:
The crops which are grown in Ganga- Brahmaputra basin are paddy, wheat, maize, sorghum, gram and millets. Cash crops like sugarcane and jute are also grown.

Question 4.
On which river, Taj Mahal is located?
Answer:
Taj Mahal is located on the banks of the river Yamuna.

Question 5.
What do you mean by population density?
Answer:
The number of persons that live in one sq. km. of area is known as population density.

Question 6.
What do you mean by ‘Maloca’?
Answer:
‘Maloca’ means large apartment-like houses with a steeply slanting roof.

Question 7.
Who discovered the Amazon River?
Answer:
A Spanish explorer named Francisco de Orellana discovered the Amazon River.

Question 8.
Define the river’s mouth.
Answer:
The river’s mouth is the place where a river flows into another body of water.

Question 9.
Where Ganga and Brahmaputra basin situated?
Answer:
The Ganga and Brahmaputra basin lies in the sub-tropical region that is situated between 10°N to 30°N latitudes.

Question 10.
Define tributaries.
Answer:
Tributaries are the small river that join the main river.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why the tropical region is called the equatorial region?
Answer:
The tropical region is called the equatorial region because this region lies very close to the equator between 10 degree north and 10 degree south.

Question 2.
Variety of fishes are found in the Amazon basin and Ganga- Brahmaputra basin. What are they?
Answer:
Variety of fishes are found, in the Amazon basin and Ganga-Brahmaputra basin. They are: Amazon Basin: Several species of fishes such as Pancake stingray, Electric eel, Blue shark, Armored catfish, flesh eating Piranha are found. Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin: The popular fishes are rohu, catla and hilsa. It is also the staple diet of the people residing there.

Question 3.
What are the main characteristics of Ganga-Brahmaputra basin?
Answer:
The Ganga and the Brahmaputra plains, the mountains and the foothills of the Himalayas and the Sundarbans delta are the main characteristics of the Ganga and the Brahmaputra basin.

Question 4.
In the Amazon Basin what type of natural vegetation is found?
Answer:
In the Amazon Basin region, it rains heavily and thick forests grow. The forests are so thick that the dense ‘roof’ created by leaves and branches does not allow the sunlight to reach the ground. Hence, the ground remains dark and damp. Only shade tolerant vegetation may grow here. Plant parasites grow such as orchids, bromeliads, etc.

Question 5.
What do people of the Amazon rainforest do?
Answer:
After clearing some trees in the forest, people grow most of their food in small regions. Men hunt and fish along the rivers and women take care of the crops. They mainly grow tapioca, pineapple and sweet potato. Due to uncertainty of hunting and fishing, so the women keep their families alive by feeding them the vegetables they grow. They practice ‘slash and bum agriculture’.

Question 6.
The life of the people of the Amazon basin is changing. How?
Answer:
Time is moving very fast and this has resulted in the change of the life style of the people everywhere around the world. The life of the people of the Amazon basin is also changing but not at a very fast speed. In the early days, it was difficult to reach the core of the forest. The Trans Amazon highway was made in 1970 where all parts of the rain forest accessible. Aircrafts and helicopters are also used for reaching various places and dense forests. The native people was pushed out from the area and forced to settle in new regions and places.

Question 7.
Explain the vegetation found in the Ganga-Brahtnaputra Basin.
Answer:
The vegetation of the Ganga- Brahmaputra Basin covers the area which varies according to the type of landforms. In the Ganga and Brahmaputra, plain tropical deciduous trees grow such as teak, sal and peepal. In the Brahmaputra plain, thick bamboo groves are very common. The delta region is covered with the mangrove forests. In some parts of Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh, coniferous trees like pine, deodar and fir can be found due to the climatic condition which is cool and the slopes are steep.

Question 8.
Explain in short the agricultural activities of the people in the Ganga- Brahmaputra Basin.
Answer:
The main occupation of the people in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin is agriculture. The main crop cultivated is paddy. Apart from paddy the other crops which are grown are wheat, maize, sorghum, gram and millets. Cash crops such as sugarcane and jute are also grown. Banana plantations are found in some regions of the plain. In West Bengal and Assam, tea is grown in plantations. Silk is produced through the cultivation of silk worms in some parts of Bihar and Assam. In the mountains and hills, crops are grown on terraces where the slopes are gentle.

Question 9.
What is the indication and implication of devastation of rainforests?
Answer:
The indication of devastation of rainforests is that the top soil is washed away as the rain falls and the lush green forests turn into a barren and unproductive land.

Question 10.
Tourism is an important activity in the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin. How can we say that?
Answer:
Tourism is an important activity of the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin. Taj Mahal on the banks of River Yamuna in Agra, Prayagraj on the confluence of the Rivers Ganga and Yamuna and invisible Saraswati river, Buddhists stupas in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, Lucknow have its Imambara, Assam with Kaziranga and Manas wildlife sanctuaries and Arunachal Pradesh with a distinct tribal culture are few places worth a visit and to enjoy life.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Discuss in brief the wildlife living in the Ganga-Brahmaputra region or plain.
Answer:
There is a diversity and variety of wildlife found in the Ganga- Brahmaputra basin. The common animals which are found are elephants, monkeys, tigers, deers. Also, one- homed rhinoceros are found in the plain. In the delta region, crocodiles, alligators and Bengal tigers are found. Aquatic life flourish in the fresh river water, the lakes and the Bay of Bengal sea. The common and popular fish which are found are hilsa mainly in the fresh water of the river Ganga, rohu and catla and other fresh water fishes.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions

September 4, 2024September 3, 2024 by Bhagya

JAC Board Class 7 Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions

→ Life in the Amazon Basin:

The river Amazon flows through the equatorial region between 10°N and 10°S.
River’s mouth is the place where a river flows into another body of water.
Number of tributaries join the Amazon River to form the Amazon basin. The river basin drains portions of Brazil, parts of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Columbia and a small part of Venezuela.

→ Climate

The Amazon Basin has been characterized by hot and wet climate throughout the year. Day and nights both are almost equally hot and humid. The skin feels sticky.
Rain occurs almost everyday. The temperatures of daytime are high with very high humidity. The temperature during night goes down but the humidity remains high.

→ Rainforests:
In this region, heavy rainfalls happen. Hence, the forests are very thick that the dense ‘roof’ are created by the leaves and branches which does not allow the sunlight to reach the ground.

Orchids, bromeliads grow as plant parasites as only shade tolerant vegetation may Birds which are found are toucans, humming birds, bird of paradise with their brilliantly coloured plumage, oversized bills for eating make them different from birds we commonly see in India. These birds make loud sounds in the forests. These forests are very rich in fauna.
Monkeys, sloth and ant-eating tapirs are found in this forest. Different species of reptiles and snakes such as crocodiles, snakes, pythons are also found. Anaconda and boa constrictor are some of the species which are found here.
It is the home for various kinds of insects. Many species of fishes such as the flesh eating Piranha fish is also found in the river. Hence, this basin is exceptionally rich in the variety of life found there.

→ People of the Rainforests

Most of the food are grown in small places after clearing some trees in the forest. Men usually hunt and fish along the rivers and women take care of the crops.
They mainly grow tapioca, pineapple and sweet potato. The women take care of their families alive by growing vegetables as hunting and fishing are uncertain.
They practice ‘slash and bum agriculture’ which is a way of cultivating land where farmers clear a piece of land by slashing or cutting down trees and bushes and then they are burnt.
Manioc which is also known as cassava that grows under the ground like the potato is the staple food. They also eat queen ants and egg sacs. Coffee, maize and cocoa are also grown which are the cash crops.
Some people live in thatched houses shaped like beehives. Some live in large apartment like houses are known as ‘Maloca’ with a steeply slanting roof.
In the older days, only by navigating the river the core of the forest could be reached. In 1970, all parts of the rainforest was made accessible by the Trans Amazon highway. Aircrafts and helicopters are also used for reaching the remote places.
In the Amazon basin, it is evaluated that a large area of the rainforest has been disappearing annually.
Due to destruction of forest, the topsoil is washed away as the rains fall and the lush forest turns into a barren landscape.

→ Life in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin

Ganga-Brahmaputra basin in the Indian subcontinent is formed by the tributaries of rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra together. This basin lies in the sub-tropical region which is situated between 10°N to 30°N latitudes.
The River Ganga has the tributaries such as the Ghaghra, the Son, the Chambal, the Gandak, the Kosi and the tributaries of Brahmaputra drain it.
The main features of this basin are the plains of the Ganga and the Brahmaputra, the mountains and the foothills of the Himalayas and the Sundarbans delta.
The monsoon climate is the main climate of this region. The monsoon brings rains from mid-June to‘mid-September. Hence, the summers are hot and the winters cool.
The environment plays a major role in the distribution of the population. Inhospitable terrain is mostly found in the mountain areas with steep slopes. Hence, population is less who live in the mountain area of the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin.
Human habitation is present in the plain area which is the most suitable land as the soil is fertile. The main occupation of the people is agriculture where flat land is available to grow crops.
The density of population of the plains is very high. Paddy is the main crop as the cultivation of paddy requires sufficient water, so it is grown in the regions where there is high rainfall.
The other crops which are grown here are wheat, maize, sorghum, gram and millets. Sugarcane and jute are the cash crops which are also grown. In some areas of the plain, banana plantations are found.

→ Tea is grown in West Bengal and Assam.
In some parts of Bihar and Assam, silk is produced through the cultivation of silk worms. Crops are grown on terraces in the mountains and hills, where the slopes are gentle.

In the Ganga and Brahmaputra plain tropical deciduous trees grows such as teak, sal and peepal. In the Brahmaputra plain, thick bamboo groves are very common. The delta region is covered with the mangrove forests.
In some parts of Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh, coniferous trees such as pine, deodar and fir can be found. The climate is cool and the slopes are steep.
Many animals are found in this basin. Elephants, tigers, deer and monkeys are found. In the Brahmaputra plain, the one-homed rhinoceros is found. In the delta region, Bengal tiger, crocodiles and alligator are found. Aquatic life are found in the fresh river waters, the lakes and the Bay of Bengal Sea. The most popular varieties of the fish are the rohu, catla and hilsa.

→ The staple diet of the people living in this region are fish and rice.

Several big towns and cities are present near the Ganga-Brahmaputra plain. The main cities are Prayagraj, Kanpur, Varanasi, Patna and Kolkata with the dense population which are located along the River Ganga.
The wastewater and garbage from these cities and industries is discharged into the rivers which leads to the pollution of the rivers.
In the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin, all the means of transport are well developed. In the plain areas, the people use the roadways and railways transport to move from one place to another. The waterways, is an important means of transport particularly along the rivers. Kolkata is an important port on the River Hooghly. Large number of airports are present in the plain areas.
The other important activity of the basin is tourism. Taj Mahal on the banks of River Yamuna in Agra, Prayagraj on the confluence of the Rivers Ganga and Yamuna and invisible Saraswati river which is known as Triveni Sangam, Buddhist stupas in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, Lucknow with its Imambara, Kaziranga and Manas wild life sanctuaries in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh has a distinct tribal culture which are some of the places worth a visit.