JAC Class 10 Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity

JAC Class 10 Social Science Important Questions Civics Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity

September 9, 2024September 6, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 10th Social Science Important Questions Civics Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Why did Tommie Smith and John Carlos wear black socks and no shoes at the 1968 Olympics held at Mexico City?
(a) To represent Black power
(b) To represent Black poverty
(c) To represent the Civil Rights Movement in the USA
(d) To represent International Olympic Association
Answer:
(b) To represent Black poverty

Question 2.
What did the gesture of wearing black socks and no shoes by Tommie Smith and John Carlos try to draw the attention to?
(a) 1968 Olympics held at Mexico City
(b) Diversity of the United States of America
(c) Migrant community of the USA
(d) Racial discrimination in the United States
Answer:
(d) Racial discrimination in the United States

Question 3.
Why were the Olympic medals of Tommie Smith and John Carlos taken back?
(a) For violating the Olympic spirit by making a political statement
(b) For participating in 1968 Olympics held at Mexico City
(c) For participating in Civil Rights Movement in the USA
(d) For representing the American Civil War
Answer:
(a) For violating the Olympic spirit by making a political statement

Question 4.
What were the athletes, such as Tommie Smith, John Carios and Peter Norman responding to in 1968 Olympics at Mexico City?
(a) Olympics at Mexico
(b) Civil Rights Movement in the USA
(c) Social divisions and social inequalities
(d) The Black Power Movement
Answer:
(c) Social divisions and social inequalities

Question 5.
Who led the Civil Rights Movement in the USA?
(a) Rosa Parks
(b) Nelson Mandela
(c) Abraham Lincoln
(d) Martin Luther King Jr.
Answer:
(d) Martin Luther King Jr.

Question 6.
What was the duration of Black Power Movement?
(a) 1696 to 1795
(b) 1965 to 1976
(c) 1966 to 1975
(d) 1669 to 1759
Answer:
(c) 1966 to 1975

Question 7.
What are social differences mostly based on?
(a) Belonging to a homogeneous group
(b) Accident of birth
(c) Accident of death
(d) Belonging to the same religion
Answer:
(b) Accident of birth

Question 8.
The region of United Kingdom has been for many years the site of what type of conflict?
(a) Ethrio-political
(b) Religious
(c) Political
(d) Linguistic divisions
Answer:
(a) Ethrio – political

Question 9.
In which year did the UK government and the Nationalists reach a peace treaty?
(a) 1898
(b) 1997
(c) 1998
(d) 1999
Answer:
(c) 1998

Question 10.
Political competition along religious ending ethnic lines led to the disintegration of which country into six independent countries?
(a) Serbia
(b) Yugoslavia
(c) Hungary
(d) Romania
Answer:
(b) Yugoslavia

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by Apartheid?
Answer:
Apartheid was a policy of racial discrimination followed by the White regime against the Blacks in South Africa.

Question 2.
What is Civil Rights Movement?
Answer:
Civil Rights Movement in the USA (1954-1968) refers to a set of events and reform movements aimed at abolishing legal racial discrimination against African- Americans. Led by Martin Luther King Jr., this movement practised non-violent methods of civil disobedience against racially discriminatory laws and practices.

Question 3.
Who were Afro – Americans?
Answer:
Afro – American, Black American and Blacks are the terms used to refer mainly to the descendants of Africans who were brought into America as slaves between 17th century and early 19th century.

Question 4.
What is Black Power?
Answer:
The Black Power movement emerged in 1966 and lasted till 1975, It was a more militant anti-racist movement, advocating even violence if necessary to end racism in the US.

Question 5.
What is Homogeneous society?
Answer:
It is a society that has similar kind of people, especially where there are no significant ethnic differences.

Question 6.
Who are called Migrants?
Answer:
Migrant is anybody who shifts from one region or country to another region within a country or to another country, usually for work or other economic opportunities.

Question 7.
Mention one impact of Migration.
Answer:
Migration turns a homogeneous country into a multi-cultural country.

Question 8.
Who led the Civil Rights Movement in USA?
Answer:
Martin Luther King (Junior).

Question 9.
When do overlapping differences happen?
Answer:
Overlapping differences happen when one kind of social difference becomes more important than the other and people start feeling that they belong to different communities.

Question 10.
Give one positive way in which social divisions affect politics.
Answer:
This allows various disadvantaged and marginal social groups to express their grievances and get the government to attend to these.

JAC Class 10 Social Science Important Questions

JAC Class 10 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity

September 9, 2024September 6, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 10th Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity

JAC Class 10th Civics Democracy and Diversity Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Discuss three factors that determine the outcomes of politics of social divisions.

How people percieve I heir identities	Him political leaders raise the de ads of any community	How Covernmeot reacts to demands
1. As singular difficult to accommodate E.g., Ireland.	1. Demand must be within the framework of the constitution	1.Willing to share power and accommodate reasonable demands of minority.
2. As multiple – with nationality – they can stay together. E.g., India, Belgium.	2. Sri Lanka – demand for only Sinhala
	3. Yugoslavia – demands of ethnic communities can not be accommodated.

Question 2.
When does a social difference become a social division?

Question 3.
How do social divisions affect politics? Give two examples.
Answer:
(i) If social division is of such type that people see their identities in singular and exclusive terms, it becomes very difficult to accommodate. For example, as long as people in Ireland saw themselves as only Catholic or Protestant, their differences were difficult to reconcile.

(ii) If social division is of such type that the rulers are willing to share power and accommodate the reasonable demand of minority community social division becomes less threatening. For example, in Belgium, the demands of Dutch and French – speaking people could be accommodated without harming one another and the country

Question 4.
……….. social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions……………. social differences do not usually lead to conflicts.
Answer:
overlapping, crosscutting

Question 5.
In dealing with social divisions which one of the following statements is NOT correct about democracy?
(a) Due to political competition in a democracy, social divisions get reflected in politics.
(b) In a democracy it is possible for communities to voice their grievances in a peaceful manner.
(c) Democracy is the best way to accommodate social diversity.
(d) Democracy always leads to disintegration of society on the basis of social divisions.
Answer:
(d) Democracy always leads to disintegration of society on the basis of social divisions.

Question 6.
Consider the following three statements.
(a) Social divisions take place when social differences overlap.
(b) It is possible that a person can have multiple identities.
(c) Social divisions exist in only big countries like India.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
(a) A, B and C
(b) A and B
(c) B and C
(d) Only C
Answer:
(b) A and B

Question 7.
Arrange the following statements in a logical sequence and select the right answers by using the code given below.
A. But all political expression of social divisions need not be always dangerous.
B. Social divisions of one kind or the other exist in most countries.
C. Parties try to win political support by appealing to social divisions.
D. Some social differences may result in social divisions.
(a) D, B, C, A
(b) D,B,A,C
(c) D, A, C, B
(d) A, B, C, D
Answer:
(a) D, B, C, A

Question 8.
Among the following, which country suffered disintegration due to political fights on the basis of religious and ethnic identities?
(a) Belgium
(b) India
(c) Yugoslavia
(d) Netherlands
Answer:
(c) Yugoslavia

Question 9.
Read the following passage from a famous speech by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1963. Which social division is he talking about? What are his aspirations and anxieties? Do you see a relationship between this speech and the incident in Mexico Olympics mentioned in this chapter?
“I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character. Let freedom ring. And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual ‘Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are Free at last! ’I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed ‘We hold these truths to be self – evident that all men are created equal”.
Answer:
The speech of Martin Luther King Jr in USA is about racial discrimination:

He is referring to the segregation policies adopted by the Whites towards the coloured people. Martin Luther is asking for equality and same opportunities for Black a§ the Whites.
His aspirations are for his children and citizens of America to live in a country which is truly free of colour and race, religion, gender where everyone is equal. He aspired for a country where there will be security for all.
Yes, his speech and the incident at the Mexico Olympics are both parts of a movement to highlight the plight of the African – American people.

JAC Class 10 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 10 Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity

September 6, 2024September 5, 2024 by Bhagya

JAC Board Class 10 Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity

→ A Story from Mexico Olympics

The story depicts an important landmark in the history of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States.
The two men standing with clenched fists upraised and head bowed are the US athletes, Tommie Smith and John Carlos.
The International Olympics Association held Carlos and Smith guilty of violating the Olympic spirit by making a political statement.
Their medals were taken back.
Back home, they were subjected to a lot of criticism, even Peter Norman, who wore a badge of the Olympic Project for Human Rights in support of Tommie Smith and John Carlos had also suffered a lot, he was not included in the 1972 summer Olympics.
But their action gained attention for the Civil Rights Movements in the US.

→ Differences, Similarities, Divisions

The athletes above were responding to social divisions and social inequalities.
Social diversity can take different forms in different societies.

→ Origins of Social Differences
These social differences are mostly based on an accident of birth.

We don’t choose to belong to our community.
But all kinds of social differences are not based on our birth.
Some of the differences are based on our choices.
For example, some people are atheists. They don’t believe in God or any religion.
Every social difference does not lead to social divisions.
In the instances above, Carlos and Smith were similar in one way and thus different from Norman who was White.
But they where also all similar in another way – they were all athletes who stood against racial discrimination.
We all have more than one identity and can belong to more than one social group.
We have different identities in different contexts.

→ Overlapping and Cross-Cutting Differences

Social division takes place when some social differences overlap with other differences.
In the US, the Blacks tend to be the poor, homeless and are discriminated against.
In our country, Dalits tend to be the poor and landless.
They often face discrimination and injustice.
The group that shares a common interest on one issue is likely to be in different issues.
Overlapping social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions.
Cross-cutting social differences are easier to accommodate.

→ Politics of Social Divisions

At first sight, it would appear that the combination of politics and social divisions is very dangerous and explosive.
Political parties can make social divisions into political divisions and lead to conflict, violence or even disintegration of a country.
This has happened in many countries.

→ Range of Outcomes

Northern Ireland of the United Kingdom has been for many years the site of a violent and bitter ethno-political conflicts.
Such examples lead some people to conclude that politics and social divisions must not be allowed to mix.
But if social divisions do exist in a country, they must never be expressed in politics.
At the same time every expression of social divisions in politics does not lead to such disasters.
In a democracy, it is. only natural that political parties would talk about these divisions, make different promises to different communities.
Social divisions affect voting in most countries.
In many countries, there are parties that focus only on one community.

→ Three Determinants

Three factors are crucial in deciding the outcome of politics of social divisions.
(a) Outcome depends on how people perceive their identities.
(b) It depends on how political leaders raise the demands of any community.
(c) It depends on how the government reacts to demands of different groups.
Thus the assertion of social diversities in a country need not be seen as a source of danger.
Expression of various kinds of social divisions in politics often results in their cancelling one another out and thus reducing their intensity.
People who feel marginalised, deprived and discriminated have to fight against the injustices.
Sometimes social differences can take the form of unacceptable level of social inequality and injustice.
History shows that democracy is the best way to fight for recognition and also to accommodate diversity.