JAC Class 10 Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements

JAC Class 10 Social Science Important Questions Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements

September 9, 2024September 6, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 10th Social Science Important Questions Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
When was the King Birendra killed in a mysterious massacre of the royal family?
(a) 2000
(b) 2001
(c) 2002
(d) 2003
Answer:
(b) 2001

Question 2.
When did King Gyanendra dismiss the then prime minister and dissolve the Parliament?
(a) In February 2005
(b) In February 2006
(c) In March 2006
(d) In April 2006
Answer:
(a) In February 2005

Question 3.
Against whom the people of Bolivia led a successful struggle?
(a) Limited franchise
(b) Government’s apathy towards public facilities
(c) Privatisation of water
(d) Lack of educational facilities
Answer:
(c) Privatisation of water

Question 4.
Which financial agency/organisation pressurised the government to give up its control of municipal water supply?
(a) International Monetary Fund
(b) World Bank
(c) Central Bank of Bolivia
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) World Bank

Question 5.
What is not true regarding public interest groups?
(a) hey represent some common or general interest
(b) Members of the organisation may not benefit from the cause that the organisation represents
(c) They promote collective rather than selective good
(d) They aim to help their own members
Answer:
(d) They aim to help their own members

Question 6.
Who won Bolivia’s water war?
(a) People
(b) Government
(c) MNC
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) People

Question 7.
Most of the time democracy evolves through what?
(a) Consensus
(b) Popular struggles
(c) Both the above
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Popular struggles

Question 8.
Which one of the following is not true about the pressure groups?
(a) They are directly engaged in party politics
(b) They take a political stance
(c) They organise protests
(d) They try to gain public support
Answer:
(d) They try to gain public support

Question 9.
Through what outstanding democratic conflicts are usually resolved?
(a) Mass mobilisation
(b) Institutions like the Parliament or the Judiciary
(c) Both the above
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Both the above

Question 10.
Which of these is one of the agencies of organised politics?
(a) Political parties
(b) Pressure groups
(c) Movement groups
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When was the movement for democracy in Nepal conducted? What was its aim?
Answer:
The movement for democracy in Nepal was conducted in April 2006. Its aim was to restore democracy.

Question 2.
What was SPA in Nepal?
Answer:
SPA was Seven Party Alliance of all the major political parties in the parliament of Nepal.

Question 3.
What was the outcome of the struggle of people in Bolivia?
Answer:
The contract with the MNC was cancelled and water supply was restored to the municipality at old rates.

Question 4.
What are pressure groups?
Answer:
Pressure groups are organizations that attempt to influence government policies.

Question 5.
How are most of the trade unions and students’ union are established or afflicted in India?
Answer:
Most of the unions and students’ organization in India are either established or afflicted to one or other political party e.g. ABVP (BJP), NSUI (Congress).

Question 6.
Some parties grow out movements. Give one example.
Answer:
When the Assam movement led by students against the ‘foreigners’ came to an end, it led to the information of the Asom Gana Parishad.

Question 7.
Which organization led the protest against water privatisation in Bolivia?
Answer:
FEDECOR led the protest against water privatisation in Bolivia.

Question 8.
Name any two sectional interest groups.
Answer:
Two sectional interest groups of India are Hind Mazdoor Sabha and Bengal Jute Mill Workers’ Union.

Question 9.
Who were Maoists?
Answer:
Those communists who believed in the ideology of Mao, the great leader of the Chinese Revolution were called Maoists.

Question 10.
Give one difference between Nepal and Bolivia movements.
Answer:
The movement in Nepal was to establish democracy, while the struggle in Bolivia involved claims on an elected, democratic government.

JAC Class 10 Social Science Important Questions

JAC Class 10 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements

September 9, 2024September 6, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 10th Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements

JAC Class 10th Civics Popular Struggles and Movements Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In what ways do pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics?
Answer:
Pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics in a variety of ways:

They try to gain public support and sympathy for their goals and their activity by carrying out information campaigns, organizing meetings, file petition, etc.
They often organize protest activity like strikes or disrupting government programs.
Business groups often employ professional lobbyists or sponsors expensive advertisements.
In some instances, the pressure groups are either formed or led by the leaders of political parties or act as extended arms of political parties.
Sometimes political parties grow out of movements.
In most cases, the relationship between parties and interest or movement groups is not so direct.

Question 2.
Describe the forms of relationship between pressure groups and political parties?
Answer:
The relationship between political parties and pressure groups can take different forms. Pressure groups are often formed and led by politicians and political parties. Most trade unions and students organisations in India are either established by or affiliated to one or the other major political party. Political parties sometimes grow out of movements. Parties like DMK and AIADMK were formed this way. Many a times the issues raised by pressure or movement groups are taken up by political parties leading to a change in the policies of the parties.

Question 3.
Explain how the activities of pressure groups are useful in the functioning of a democratic government.
Answer:

It may initially appear that it is not healthy for groups that promote the interest of one section to have influence in democracy.
It may seem that these groups wield power without responsibility!
Pressure groups and movements may not get their funds and support from the people.
Putting pressure on the rulers is not unhealthy activity in a democracy as long as everyone gets this opportunity.
Public interest groups and movements perform a useful role in countering this useful role or countering this undue influence and reminding the government of the needs and concerns of ordinary citizens.

Question 4.
What is a pressure group? Give a few examples.
Answer:
A pressure group is an organisation which attempts to influence government policies through protests and demonstrations. Pressure groups are formed when people with similar opinions get together for similar objectives. Examples of pressure groups are FEDECOR and BAMCEF.

Question 5.
What is the difference between a pressure group and a political party?
Answer:

Pressure Group	Political Party
(i) They attempt to influence gavernment policies.	(i) They aim to directly control or share power.
(ii) People with common interest come together to achieve a common objective.	(ii) It is directly answerable to the people.

Question 6.
Organisations that undertake activities to promote the interests of specific social sections such as workers, employees, teachers, and lawyers are called ……….. groups.
Answer:
Sectional Interest

Question 7.
Which among the following is the special feature that distinguishes a pressure group from a political party?
(a) Parties take political stances, while pressure groups do not bother about political issues.
(b) Pressure groups are confined to a few people, while parties involve larger number of people.
(c) Pressure groups do not seek to get into power, while political parties do.
(d) Pressure groups do not seek to mobilise people, while parties do.
Answer:
(c) Pressure groups do not seek to get into power, while political parties do.

Question 8.
Match List I (organisations and struggles) with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

List I	List II
1. Organisations that seek to promote the interests of a particular section or group	A. Movement
2. Organisations that seek to promote common interest	B. Political parties
3. Struggles launched for the resolution of a social problem with or without an organisational structure	C. Sectional interest groups
4. Organisations that mobilise people with a view to win political power	D. Public interest groups

	1	2	3	4
(a)	C	D	B	A
(b)	C	D	A	B
(c)	D	C	B	A
(d)	B	C	D	A

Answer:
(b) C,D,A and B

Question 9.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

List I	List II
1. Pressure group	A. Narmada Bachao Andolan
2. Long-term movement	B. Asom Gana Parishad
3. Single issue movement	C. Women’s movement
4. Political party	D. Fertilizer dealers’ association

	1	2	3	4
(a)	D	C	A	B
(b)	B	A	D	C
(c)	C	D	A	B
(d)	B	D	C	A

Answer:
(a) D,C,A and B

Question 10.
Consider the following statements about pressure groups and parties.
A. Pressure groups are the organised expression of the interests and views of specific social sections.
B. Pressure groups take positions on political issues.
C. All pressure groups are political parties.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) A, B, and C
(b) A and B
(c) B and C
(d) A and C
Answer:
(b) A and B

Question 11.
Mewat is one of the most backward areas in Haryana. It used to be a part of two districts, Gurgaon and Faridabad. The people of Mewat felt that the area will get better attention if it were to become a separate district. But political parties were indifferent to this sentiment. The demand for a separate district was rais’ed by Mewat Educational and Social Organisation and Mewat Saksharta Samiti in 1996. Later, Mewat Vikas Sabha was founded in 2000 and carried out a series of public awareness campaigns. This forced both the major parties, Congress and the Indian National Lok Dal, to announce their support for the new district before the assembly elections held in February 2005. The new district came into existence in July 2005. In this example what is the relationship that you observe among movement, political parties and the government? Can you think of an example that shows a relationship different from this one?
Answer:
From the example of Mewat, we can infer that movements take up issues which have been ignored by political parties. Political parties may then be influenced by these demands when they grab their own manifesto. Finally, the party which comes to power ends up implementing steps which fulfil these demands.

The six – year long Assam movement (19791985), led by the All Assam Students Union (AASU), was aimed against the infiltration of foreigners from Bangladesh into Assam. At the end of this movement, the state assembly was dissolved, the government was dismissed, and fresh elections were held. The Asom Gana Parishad, formed out of the AASU, contested and won the elections, forming the Government of Assam. In this example, we see a political party being formed out of a pressure group, which then goes on to form the government.

JAC Class 10 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 10 Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements

September 6, 2024September 5, 2024 by Bhagya

JAC Board Class 10 Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements

→ Popular struggles in Nepal and Bolivia Movements for democracy in Nepal

Nepal witnessed an extraordinary popular movement in April 2006. The movement was aimed at restoring democracy.
The movement of April 2006 was aimed at retaining popular control over the government from the king.
All the major political parties in the parliament formed a Seven Party Alliance (SPA) and called for four-day strike in Kathmandu, the country’s capital.
The number of protesters reached between three to five lakhs on 21 April and they served an ultimatum to the king.
The leader of the movement rejected the half-hearted concessions made by the king.
They stuck to their demand for restoration of parliament, the power to an all party government and a new constituent assembly.
On 24 April 2004, the last day of the ultimatum; the king was forced to concede all the three demands.
The SPA chose Girija Prasad Koirala as the new Prime Minister of the interim government.
This struggle came to be known as Nepal’s second movement for democracy.

→ Bolivia Water War

Bolivia is a poor country in Latin America.
World Bank pressurized the government to give up the control of water supply. So, the government to sell the rights of water supply to M.N.C.
As soon as they get the right of water supply, they increased the price of water by four times.
This bought troubles in lives of common people and led to a popular protest.
In January 2000, an alliance of labour human rights organizations called for a four day strike in city. Hence, the government agreed to negotiate but nothing happened.
The agitation was started again in February and April, but the government tried to suppress the movement.
But the power of people forced the M.N.C. to flee the city and made the government to accept all the demands.
The contract with M.N.C. was cancelled and water supply was restored to Municipality.

→ Democracy and popular struggles

What are differences between Bolivia and Nepal?
The movement in Nepal was to establish democracy but movement in Bolivia was against the policy of an elected democratic government.
The popular struggle in Bolivia was about one specific policy while the struggle in Nepal was about the foundation of country’s politics.

→ What are similarities between Bolivia and Nepal?

Both of these are instances of political conflicts that led to popular struggles.
In both cases, the struggle involved mass mobilization.
Public demonstration of mass support clinched the dispute.

→ Conclusion

Democracy evolves through popular struggles.
Democracy involves conflict between those who are in power and those who aspires for power.
Democratic conflicts are resolved through mass mobilization.
If the conflicts cannot be resolved by parliament the solution will come from people. ,
These conflicts and mobilization are based on new political organization.

→ Mobilization and organizations

The protest against water privatization in Bolivia was not led by any political party.
It was led by an organization called FEDECOR.
This organization comprised of local professionals, including engineers and environmentalists.
The movement was supported by the socialist party. In 200.6, this party came to power in Bolivia.
From both these examples, we can see that in a democracy several different kinds of organizations work behind any big struggle.
These organizations play their role in two ways:
- One-way of influencing the decisions in a democracy is direct participation in competitive politics.
- There are many indirect ways in which people can get governments to listen to their demands or their points of view.

→ Pressure groups and movements

Pressure groups are organizations that attempt to influence government policies.
These organizations are formed when people with common occupation, interest, aspirations or opinions come together in order to achieve a common objective.

→ Sectional interest groups and public interest groups

Interest groups seek to promote the interests of a particular section or group of society.
Their principal concern is the betterment and well-being of their members, not society in general.
Sometimes these organizations are not about representing the interest of one section of society. They represent some common or general interest that needs to be defined. These type of groups are called promotional groups or public interest groups.
They promote collective rather than selective goods. They aim to help groups other than their own members.

→ Movement groups

As in the case of interest groups, the groups involved with movements include a very wide variety.
Most of the movements are issues specific movements that seek to achieve a single objective within a limited time frame.
The movement started with the specific issues of the people displaced by the creation of Sardar Sarovar dam on the Narmada River. Its objective was to stop the dam from being constructed.
These single-issue movements can be contrasted with movements that are long terms and involve more than one issue.
Pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics in a variety of ways:
- They try to gain public support and sympathy for their goals and their activity by carrying out information
  campaigns, organizing meetings, file petition, etc.
- They often organize protest activity like strikes or disrupting government programs.
- Business groups often employ professional lobbyists or sponsors expensive advertisements.
- In some instances, the pressure groups are either formed or led by the leaders of political parties or act as extended arms of political parties.
- Sometimes political parties grow out of movements.
- In most cases, the relationship between parties and interest or movement groups is not so direct.

→ Is their influeqce healthy?

It may initially appear that it is not healthy for groups that promote the interest of one section to have influence in democracy.
It may seem that these groups wield power without responsibility.
Pressure groups and movements may not get their funds and support from the people.
Putting pressure on the rulers is not unhealthy activity in a democracy as long as everyone gets this opportunity.
Public interest groups and movements perform a useful role in countering this useful role or countering this undue influence and reminding the government of the needs and concerns of ordinary citizens.