JAC Class 10 Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

JAC Class 10 Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

September 9, 2024September 6, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 10th Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
How is the industry classified on the basis of their main role?
(a) Agro-based and mineral-based industry
(b) Small-scale and large-scale industry
(c) Heavy and light industry
(d) Basic and consumer industry
Answer:
(d) Basic and consumer industry

Question 2.
Which is an example of agro-based industry?
(a) Cement industry
(b) Iron and steel industry
(c) Jute textile industry
(d) Ele’ctronics industry
Answer:
(c) Jute textile industry

Question 3.
Where was the first textile mill set up in India?
(a)’Mutnbai
(b) Gujarat
(c) Kolkata
(d) Kerala
Answer:
(a)’Mutnbai

Question 4.
Which is a private sector industry?
(a) BHEL
(b) Coal India
(c) SAIL
(d) TISCO
Answer:
(d) TISCO

Question 5.
Which country is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods?
(a) Bangladesh
(b) Myanmar
(c) India
(d) Indonesia
Answer:
(c) India

Question 6.
Which industry is seasonal in nature?
(a) Automobile industry
(b) Sugar industry
(c) Chemical industry
(d) Fertiliser industry
Answer:
(b) Sugar industry

Question 7.
Which country is the world’s largest consumer of steel?
(a) India
(b) China
(c) Japan
(d) Germany
Answer:
(b) China

Question 8.
Which region in India has the largest concentration of iron and steel industries?
(a) South India
(b) Himalayan belt
(c) North-east India
(d) Chhotanagpur Plateau
Answer:
(d) Chhotanagpur Plateau

Question 9.
Which is the second most important metallurgical industry in India?
(a) Aluminium smelting
(b) Chemical industry
(c) Iron and steel industry
(d) Fertiliser industry
Answer:
(a) Aluminium smelting

Question 10.
Which state has emerged as the electronic capital of India?
(a) Mumbai
(b) Noida
(c) Bengaluru
(d) Chennai
Answer:
(c) Bengaluru

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are secondary activities?
Answer:
Secondary activities are those which process

Question 2.
How is the economic strength of a country measured?
Answer:
The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of its manufacturing industries.

Question 3.
What are the factors that influence the location of an industry?
Answer:
The factors that influence the location of an industry are availability of raw material, labour, capital, power, market, etc. The key to decision of the factory location is the least cost. Government policies and specialised labour also influence the location of industry.

Question 4.
What are consumer industries?
Answer:
Consumer industries produce goods for direct use by consumers, such as sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, fans, etc.

Question 5.
What are joint sector industries?
Answer:
Joint sector industries are run jointly by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. Oil India Ltd. (OIL) is jointly owned by public and private sector.

Question 6.
Which is the only industry in the country, which is self-reliant?
Answer:
The textile industry is the only industry which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain, i.e., from raw material to the highest value added products.

Question 7.
Why maximum iron and steel industries are concentrated in Chhotanagpur Plateau region?
Answer:
Maximum iron and steel industries are concentrated in Chhotanagpur Plateau region because of the relative advantages in this region for the development of this industry. This includes low cost of iron ore, high grade raw materials in proximity, cheap labour and vast growth potential in the home market.

Question 8.
Though India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world, yet it is not able to perform to its full potential. Why?
Answer:
Though India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world, yet it is not able to perform to its full potential because of

high costs and limited availability of coking coal,
lower productivity of labour,
irregular supply of power, and
poor infrastructure.

Question 9.
What has been the major impact of information technology and electronics industry? |
Answer:
The major impact of information technology and electronics industry has been on employment generation. Liberalisation resulted in the demand for new and contemporary models in the market.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Agriculture and industry move hand in hand. Discuss.
Answer:
Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They move hand in hand. For instance, the agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity. They depend on the latter for raw materials and sell their products, such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc. to the farmers. Thus, development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only assisted agriculturists in increasing their production but also made the production processes very efficient.

Question 2.
Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand. Explain.
Answer:
After an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows. Sometimes, the industries are located in or near the cities. Thus, industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand. Cities provide markets, and services, such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice, etc. to the industry. Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies. Gradually, a large industrial agglomeration takes place.

Question 3.
With the help of a flow chart describe the industry and market linkage.
Answer:

Question 4.
Discuss the classification of industries on the basis of ownership.
Answer:
On the basis of ownership, industries are classified into:

Public sector:
Owned and operated by government agencies, e.g., BHEL, SAIL, .etc.
Private sector industries:
Owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals. For example, TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd., Dabur Industries, etc.
Joint sector industries:
Jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals, e.g., Oil India Ltd. (OIL).
Cooperative sector industries:
Owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. They pool in the resources and share the profits or losses proportionately, such as, sugar industry in Maharashtra, coir industry in Kerala, etc.

Question 5.
Explain the close link of cotton textiles with agriculture. How does it support other industries?
Answer:
The cotton textiles industry has close links with agriculture. It provides a living to farmers, cotton boll pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing. The industry by creating demands supports many other industries, such as chemicals and dyes, mill stores, packaging materials and engineering works.

Question 6.
Give the factors responsible for the location of jute textile industries in the Hugli basin.
Answer:
Factors responsible for the location of jute textile industries in the Hugli basin are proximity of the jute producing areas, inexpensive water transport, support of good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw material to the mills, abundant water for processing raw jute, and cheap labour from West Bengal, and adjoining states of Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh.

Question 7.
Why, in recent years, there is a tendency for the sugar mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states?
Answer:
In recent years there has been a tendency for the sugar mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra because the cane produced here has higher sucrose content and the cooler climate ensures a longer crushing season. The cooperatives are also more successful here.

Question 8.
Give the differences between mini steel plants and an integrated steel plant.
Answer:
Mini steel plants are smaller than the integrated steel plants. They have electric furnaces, use steel scrap and sponge iron. They have re-rollers that use steel ingots as well. They produce mild and alloy steel of given specifications. On the other hand, an integrated steel plant is large. It handles everything in one complex, from putting together raw material to steel making, rolling and shaping.

Question 9.
How is aluminium useful and what it is used to manufacture? Where are aluminium smelting plants located?
Answer:
Aluminium is light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat, malleable and becomes strong when it is mixed with other metals. It is used to manufacture aircraft, utensils and wires. It has gained popularity as a substitute of steel, copper, zinc and lead in a number of industries. Aluminium smelting plants are located in Odisha, West Bengal, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.

Question 10.
Describe the chemical industries of India.
Answer:
The chemical industry in India is fast growing and diversifying. It comprises both large and small scale manufacturing units. Rapid growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic sectors. The chemical industry is its own largest consumer. Basic chemicals are processed to further produce other chemicals that are used in industrial application, agriculture or directly for consumer markets.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Manufacturing industry is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular. Justify.
Answer:
Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular because:

Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, but also help to reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
Industrial development aims to eradicate unemployment and poverty. Public sector industries and joint sector ventures were started with the philosophy to bring down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
Export of manufactured goods brings in foreign exchange and expands trade and commerce.
Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide range of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous. India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.

Question 2.
Briefly describe the fertiliser industry of India.
Answer:
The fertilizer industry is centred around the production of nitrogenous fertilizers (mainly urea), phosphatic fertilizers and ammonium phosphate (DAP) and complex fertilizers which have a combination of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potash (K) Potash is entirely imported as the country does not have any reserves of commercially usable potash or potassium compounds in any form.

After the Green Revolution, the industry has spread to several other parts of the country. Half of the fertiliser production is from the states of Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Kerala. Other significant producers are Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Bihar, Maharashtra, Assam, West Bengal, Goa, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka.

Question 3.
Discuss the effect of industries on air and water.
Answer:
Industries are responsible for four types of pollution: air, water, land and noise. The thermal power plants also cause pollution. Air pollution: It is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Air-bome particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles like dust, sprays mist and smoke. Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore polluting norms. Toxic gas leaks are hazardous and can have long-term effects.

Water pollution:
It is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers. Pollution is caused by paper, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries that release dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury, pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, etc. into the water bodies. Fly ash, phospogypsum, iron and steel slags are the major solid wastes in India.

Question 4.
Explain the steps taken by NTPC to control and reduce pollution.
Answer:
NTPC, a major power providing corporation in India, has ISO certification for EMS (Environment Management System) 14001. The corporation has a pro-active approach for preserving the natural environment and resources, such as water, oil and gas, fuel in places where it is setting up power plants. They have .’ made If possible through

Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment.
Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.
Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation.
Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management.
Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power stations.

Activity Based Questions

Question 1.
Which industry am I?
1. I am a basic industry as all other industries heavy, medium and light, depend on me for their machinery. I am needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction material, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipment and a variety of consumer goods.

2. My basic ingredient is bauxite. I am a good substitute of steel, copper, zinc and lead in a number of industries.

3. Decontrol of my price and distribution since 1989 and other policy reforms have led to rapid strides in my capacity, process, technology and production. Efforts are being made to generate adequate domestic demand and supply in order to sustain me.

4. After the liberalisation, the coming in of new and contemporary models stimulated the demand for me in the market, which led to the healthy growth of my industry. I am located around Delhi, Gurugram, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bengaluru.

5. I cover a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom, telephone exchange, radars, computers and many other types of equipment.
Answer:

Iron and steel industry
Aluminium smelting industry
Cement industry
Automobile industry
Information technology and electronics industry

Question 2.
On a political map of India, mark the major cotton textiles industries.
Answer:

Question 3.
On a political map of India, mark the major Iron and Steel plants of India.

Question 4.
On a political map of India, mark the major software technology parks of India.

JAC Class 10 Social Science Important Questions

JAC Class 10 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

September 9, 2024September 6, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 10th Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

JAC Class 10th Geography Manufacturing Industries InText Questions and Answers

Page 63

Question 1.
Do you have some ideas about these industries?
Answer:
The diyas are usually handcrafted by the people in the cottage industries. Factories which make sugar are agro – based industries. Industries which depend on agricultural raw materials for manufacturing products are known as agro – based industries, e.g. sugar, tea, coffee. Shoes, utensils and clothes are made in factories which may be small or large, may be owned jointly or by the government or by an individual or a group.

Page 65

Question 2.
Classify the following into two groups on the basis of bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods. Oil, Knitting needles, Brassware, Fuse wires, Watches, Sewing machines, Shipbuilding, Electric bulbs, Paint brushes, Automobiles
Answer:
On the basis of bulk and weight of raw materials and finished goods, industries can be classified as heavy industries and light industries.

1. Heavy industries:
Oil, brassware, ship-building, automobiles.

2. Light industries:
Knitting needles, fuse wires, watches, sewing machines, electric bulbs, paint brushes.

Page 66

Question 3.
Why did Mahatma Gandhi lay emphasis on spinning yarn and weaving khadi?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi laid emphasis on spinning. yam and weaving khadi because it could generate employment in rural areas and make the villagers more self – sufficient. It encouraged the use of country – made clothes instead of purchasing imported machine – made clothes.

Question 4.
Why is it important for our country to keep the mill sector loomage lower than power loom and handloom?
Answer:
The mill sector employs less people than the power loom and handloom industries. Less importance is to be given to mill sector loomage to encourage the power looms and handloom which generates lot of employment in the rural areas. It gives a boost to the rural economy and tries to make the villagers self – sufficient. It is to sustain the livelihoods of the weavers and the growth of the village community.

Page 68

Question 5.
Why is it important for us to improve our weaving sector instead of exporting yarn in large quantities?
Answer:
Yam is an unprocessed product. Therefore, exporting it would bring less profit. If the weaving sector is improved, it will offer employment to many workers and the fabric can be sold at a much higher value. This will bring in more profit.

Page 69

Question 6.
Make a list of all such goods made of steel that you can think of.
Answer:
Some goods made of steel are auto parts, surgical tools, defence equipment, household items like cutlery, etc.

Question 7.
Why is the per capita consumption of steel so low in India?
Answer:
The per capita consumption of steel is low in Iqdia because:

Infrastructure is poor. Steel needs to be transported and hence, transport network needs to be improved. Power supply is erratic.
High cost of steel makes it difficult to manufacture it and many to buy it.

Question 8.
Collect information about products of steel plants in India.
Answer:
Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction material, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipment and a variety of consumer goods.

Page 71

Question 9.
Have you read about the Kalinganagar controversy? Collect information from different sources and discuss.
Answer:
Kalinganagar is a planned industrial town in Jajpur district, Odisha. It is rich in iron ore. It is a tribal area and when Tata Steel decided to set up their plant, there was resistance by the local tribal people of the region as they would have lost their land and subsequently their livelihood. On January 2, 2006 there was police firing where few tribals were killed. This led to issues of setting up of steel plant and industrialisation in Odisha. Read journals, magazines and visit the archives to read the old newspapers to find out details of the controversy.

Page 72

Question 10.
A factory produces aluminium sauce pans with plastic handles. It obtains aluminium from a smelter and a plastic component from another factory. All the manufactured saucepans are sent to a warehouse.
(a) (i) Which raw material is likely to be most expensive to transport and why?
(ii) Which raw material is likely to be the cheapest to transport and why?
(b) Do you think the cost of transporting the finished products after packaging is likely to be cheaper or more expensive than the cost of transporting aluminium and plastic? Why?
Answer:
(a) (i) Aluminium smelting requires bauxite which is very bulky and heavy. Therefore, aluminium is likely to be expensive to transport as aluminium smelting becomes expensive.

(ii) Plastic is likely to be cheapest to transport because plastic factories are widely spread all over the country. Plastic is not heavy and can be easily transported.

(b) Transporting the finished product after packaging will be expensive because packaging needs care and the finished products need to be handled carefully.

Page 73

Question 11.
Where would it be economically viable to set up the cement manufacturing units?
Answer:
Cement requires heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, gypsum and alumina. It also requires coal and power. Therefore, cement industries will be ideally located near the source of raw material and where coal is found in abundance, andthere is a good power supply.

Question 12.
Find out where the plants are located in other states of India. Find their names.
Answer:
The names of the major companies in cement industry and locations of their major eement plants in India are given below:

1. India Cements:
4 plants in Andhra Pradesh at Yerraguntla, Chilamkur, Vishnupuram and Malkapur. 3 plants in Tamil Nadu at Sankir Nagar, Dalavoi and Sankari.

2. Jaypee Group Century Cement:

Cluster of plants at Satna, Madhya Pradesh Plants at
Baikunth, Dist. Raipur in Chhattisgarh,
Sarlanagar, Dist. Satna, in Madhya Pradesh
Gadchandur, Dist. Chandrapur, Maharashtra
Sagardighi, Dist. Murshidabad, Paschim Banga

3. L & T Cement: 5 plants at:

Jafrabad, Gujarat
Hirmi, Chhattisgarh
Chandrapur, Maharashtra
Tadipatri, Andhra Pradesh
Arakonam, Tamil Nadu

4. ACC Cement:
17 plants spread over the states of Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and Paschim Banga

5. Cement Corporation of India: 41 plants all over India

6. Ambuja Cement:
16 plants spread over the states of Gujarat, Paschim Banga, Chhattisgarh, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Kerala and Maharashtra

7. JK Cement: Gotan, Mangrol and IMiimbahera, all in Rajasthan

JAC Class 10th Geography Manufacturing Industries Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.
(i) Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Plastic
(d) Automobile
Answer:
(b) Cement

(ii) Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants?
(a) HAIL
(b) SAIL
(c) TATA Steel
(d) MNCC
Answer:
(b) SAIL

(iii) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium Smelting
(b) Cement
(c) Paper
(d) Steel
Answer:
(a) Aluminium Smelting

(iv) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc.
(a) Steel
(b) Electronic
(c) Aluminium Smelting
(d) Information Technology
Answer:
(b) Electronic

Question 2.
Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words.
(a) What is manufacturing?
(b) Namp any three physical factors for the location of the industry.
(c) Name any three human factors for the location of an industry.
(d) What are basic industries? Give an example.
(e) Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement?
Answer:
(a) Manufacturing is production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products.

(b) Three physical factors for the location of the industry are:

Availability of raw material
Cheap and efficient power supply
Suitable climate for the establishment of an industry, especially the agro-based industries.

Availability of cheap and skilled labourers.
Availability and access to services, such as banking, insurance, consultants and financial advice, etc.
Market

(d) Basic industries are those industries on which other industries depend for the supply of raw materials to produce other goods. For example, iron and steel industry is a basic industry, which is required for the manufacture of automobiles, engineering goods, medicines, scientific equipment, etc.

(e) The important raw materials used in the manufacture of cement are limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum.

Question 3.
Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words.
(a) How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants? What problems does the industry face? What recent developments have led to a rise in the production capacity?
(b) How do industries pollute the environment?
(c) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry?
Answer:
(a) An integrated steel plant is large. It handles everything in one complex from putting together raw material to steel making, rolling and shaping. Mini steel plants are smaller than the integrated steel plants. They have electric furnaces, use steel scrap and sponge iron. They produce mild and alloy steel of given specifications. Though India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world, it is not able to perform to its full potential because of the following problems:

high costs and limited availability of coking coal,
lower productivity of labour,
irregular supply of power, and
poor infrastructure.

Liberalisation and Foreign Direct Investment along with the efforts of private entrepreneurs have given a boost to the industry. There is a need to allocate resources for research and development to produce steel more computatively.

(b) Industries cause four types of pollution: air, water, thermal and noise.
(i) Air pollution:
It is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide; solid and liquid air – borne particulate matters like dust, smoke, etc. Smoke is emitted by various factories, refineries, and by burning of fossil fuels. Gas leaks can be hazardous with long term effects.

(ii) Water pollution:
It is caused by the organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers from factories, such as paper and pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries, electroplating industries, etc. Pollutants like dyes, detergents, acids, mercury, pesticides, and fertilisers get released into water bodies. Fly ash, phosphogypsum and iron and steel slags are the major solid wastes in India.

(iii) Thermal pollution:
It occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling. Wastes from nuclear power plants and weapon production facilities cause cancers, birth defects and miscarriages. Soil becomes polluted from dumping of wastes, such as glass, chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, etc. which contaminate the ground water.

(iv) Noise pollution:
It results in irritation and anger, also causes hearing impairment, increase in heart rate, blood pressure and psychological effects also. It is a source of stress.

Minimising the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
Harvesting rainwater to meet water requirements
Treating hot water and effluents releasing them in rivers and ponds. Industrial effluents can be treated in three phases
- Primary treatment by mechanical means, such as screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
- Secondary treatment by biological process.
- Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of wastewater.
Overdrawing of groundwater should be regulated.
Factories should be fitted with smoke stacks, electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators to reduce particulate matter and smoke.
Oil and gas can be used instead of coal.
Machineries and generators should be fitted with silencers.

NCERT ‘Activity’

Question 1.
Give one word for each of the following with regard to industry. The number of letters in each word are hinted in brackets.
(a) Used to drive machinery
(b) People who work in a factory
(c) Where the product is sold
(d) A person who sells goods
(e) Thing produced
(f) To make or produce
(g) Land, Water and Air degraded
Answer:
(a) Power
(b) Workers
(c) Markets
(d) Retailer
(e) Produce
(f) Manufacture
(g) Pollution

NCERT ‘Project’ Work

Select one agro-based and one mineral based industry in your area.
1.What are the raw materials they use?
2. What are the other inputs in the process of manufacturing that involve transportation cost?
3. Are these factories following environmental norms?
Hints:

Take an appointment with the owner or manager of these industries and arrange a visit.
List the raw materials, machines and number of people employed.
Classify the industry.
Where do the processed goods go? Are these goods sold in the market or they go for further processing?
Who are the buyers or consumers of these products?
Find out what steps they are taking to control the pollution from their factories. Find out if any nearby river or any water body is getting polluted by the discharge from the industries.

NCERT ‘Activity’

Question 1.
Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally and vertically to find the hidden answers.

Textiles, sugar, vegetable oil and plantation industries deriving raw materials from agriculture are called.
The basic raw material for sugar industry.
This fibre is also known as the ‘Golden Fibre.
Iron – ore, coking coal, and limestone are the chief raw materials of this industry.
A public sector steel plant located in Chhattisgarh.
Railway diesel engines are manufactured in Uttar Pradesh at this place.

Answer:

AGROBASED
SUGARCANE
JUTE
IRON AND STEEL
BHILAI
VARANASI

JAC Class 10 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 10 Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

September 6, 2024September 5, 2024 by Bhagya

JAC Board Class 10 Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

→ Manufacturing is production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products.

It is a secondary activity.
The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.

→ Importance of Manufacturing

Manufacturing is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular.
Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture and reduce the dependence of people on agricultural income by engaging them in secondary and tertiary activities.
Industrial development gives a boost to the economy and reduces unemployment.
There is trade with other countries and export brings in foreign exchange.
Raw materials can be converted into a variety of finished products.
Development and competitiveness of manufacturing industries assists agriculturists in increasing their income. This also makes production processes very efficient.

→ Contribution of Industry to National Economy
Over the last two decades, the contribution of rnaìufacturing in GDP has been low as compared to some East Asian economies.

With appropriate policy interventions by the government and renewed efforts by the industry to improve productivity, economists predict that manufacturing can achieve the target over the next decade.
The National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been set up with this objective.

→ Industrial Location

Industrial locations are influenced by the availability of raw materials, labour, capital, power, market, least cost, government policies and specialised labour.
Many industries come together to make the use of the advantages offered by the urban centres (financial advice, banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants, etc.). These are known as agglomeration economies. Gradually, a large industrial agglomeration takes place.
In pre-Independence India, industries were strategically located from where overseas trade was possible.

→ Classification of Industries

On the basis of source of raw materials used, industries are classified as agro-based and mineral-based.
On the basis of their main role, industries are classified as basic or key industries and consumer industries.

→ Contribution of Industry to National Economy

Over the last two decades, the contribution of manufacturing in GDP has been low as compared to some East Asian economies.
On the basis of capital investment, industries can be small-scale or large-scale.
On the basis of ownership, industries can be in public sector, private sector, joint sector or cooperative sector.
On the basis of bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods, it can be a heavy industry or a light industry.

→ Agro-based Industries

Agro-based industries include cotton, jute, woollen textiles, sugar and edible oil, etc.
These industries are based on agricultural raw materials.
The textile industry contributes significantly to industrial production.

→ Cotton textiles: This industry has close links with agriculture as it provides a living to farmers, cotton boll pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing. It supports other industries, such as chemicals and dyes, mill stores, packaging materials and engineering works. The handspun khadi provides large-scale employment to weavers in their homes as a cottage industry. India exports yam to Japan, and exports cotton goods to USA, UK, Russia, France, Sri Lanka and African countries.

→ Jute textiles: India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods. It stands at a second place as an exporter after Bangladesh. Most mills are located along Hugli basin, West Bengal.

→ Sugar industry: India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies the first place in production of gur and khandsari. In recent years, there has been a tendency for the’ sugar mills to shift and concentrate in west and south India, especially Maharashtra as sugarcane has higher sucrose content and longer crushing season.

→ Mineral-based Industries:
Industries that use minerals and metals as raw materials are called mineral based industries.

→ Iron and steel industry:
It is a basic industry as all other industries depend on it for their machinery. Steel is required to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction material, defence, medical, scientific equipment, etc. There are mini steel plants and integrated steel plants. Steel plants are concentrated in Chota Nagpur Plateau region. Liberalisation, Foreign Direct Investment and private entrepreneurs have given a boost to this industry.

→ Aluminium smelting:
It is the second most important metallurgical industry in India. These plants are located in Odisha, West Bengal, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. A very heavy raw material, viz., bauxite is used in the smelters. It is used as a substitute of steel, copper, zinc and lead in many industries.

→ Chemical industry:
This industry in India is fast growing and diversifying. Rapid growth has been recorded in both organic and inorganic sectors. It comprises both large and small scale manufacturing units. Inorganic chemical units are located all over the country. Organic chemical plants are located near oil refineries and petrochemical plants.

→ Fertiliser industry:
is centred around the production of nitrogenous fertilizers (Urea) and combination of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) and potash (K). This industry is located in Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Assam, etc.

→ Cement industry:
It is required for building houses, factories, bridges, roads, airports, dams and for other commercial establishments. It requires bulky raw materials, power supply and coal. They are located in Gujarat that has suitable access to the market in the Gulf countries.

→ Automobile industry:
It provides vehicles for quick transport of goods and passengers. With liberalisation new and contemporary models increased the demand for vehicles in the market. This industry is located in Delhi, Gurugram, Mumbai, Lucknow, Indore, Bengaluru, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad and Jamshedpur.

→ Information Technology and Electronics Industry:
Bengaluru has emerged as the electronic capital of India. Other centres are at Noida, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad and Pune. A major impact has been on employment generation. The growth in hardware and software is the key to success of IT in India

→ Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation

Industries are responsible for air, water, land and noise pollution. Increase in industrialisation has led to degradation of environment which has serious long-term effects on plant, animal and human life.
Several toxic gases are released into the atmosphere through the factory chimneys. The wastes are discharged into water bodies, polluting the rivers and ponds and poisoning the underground water. Noise pollution has psychological effects too.

→ Control of Environmental Degradation

Water should be reused and recycled for minimising the use of water for processing.
Rainwater harvesting should be practised to use water efficiently.
Hot water and effluents should be treated before being discharged into any water bodies.
Smoke filters, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators should be used to capture the dust apd reduce it. Silencers should be used to reduce noise levels.
NTPC has adopted a pro-active approach for preserving the natural environment and resources like water, oil, gas and fuels in the places.where it is setting up power plants.