Class 7 – Page 2 – Jharkhand Board Solution

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth

September 6, 2024September 5, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth

JAC Class 7th Geography Our Changing Earth InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Find out the names of a few rivers of the world that form a delta?
Answer:
Some of the rivers of the world that form a delta are Niger, Mississippi, Nile, Rhine, Ganga, Brahmaputra.

JAC Class 7th Geography Our Changing Earth Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) Why do the plates move?
Answer:
There is a movement of the molten magma inside the earth hence the plates move. .

(ii) What are exogenic and endogenic forces?
Answer:
Exogenic forces are the forces that act on the surface of the earth. Endogenic forces are the forces that act in the interior of the earth.

(iii) What is erosion?
Answer:
Wearing away of the landscape by different agents such as wind, water and ice is known as erosion.

(iv) How are flood plains formed?
Answer:
Layers of fine soil and other materials called sediments are deposited on the river bank during floods. This leads to the evolution of a flat fertile and productive flood plains.

(v) What are sand dunes?
Answer:
In the desert, the low-hill like structures formed by the deposition of sand are known as sand dunes.

(vi) How are beaches formed?
Answer:
When the sea waves deposits sediments along the shores of the sea, the beaches are formed.

(vii) What are ox-bow lakes?
Answer:
Ox-bow lakes are formed when the meander loop is cut-off from the main river, it forms a cut-off lake and the shape is like an ox-bow.

Tick (√) the correct answer.

Question 2.
(i) Which is not an erosional feature of sea waves?
(a) Cliff
(b)Beach
(c) Sea cave
Answer:
(b)Beach

(ii) The depositional feature of a glacier is:
(a) Flood plain
(b) Beach
(c) Moraine
Answer:
(c) Moraine

(iii) Which is caused by the sudden movements of the earth?
(a) Volcano
(b) Folding
(c) Flood plain
Answer:
(a) Volcano

(iv) Mushroom rocks are found in:
(a) Deserts
(b) River valleys
(c) Glaciers
Answer:
(a) Deserts

(v) Ox bow lakes are found in:
(a) Glaciers
(b) River valleys
(c) Deserts
Answer:
(b) River valleys

Question 3.

Match the following.

(i) Glacier	(a) Sea shore
(ii) Meanders	(b) Mushroom rock
(iii) Beach	(c) River of ice
(iv) Sand dunes	(d) Rivers
(v) Waterfall	(e) Vibrations of earth
(vi) Earthquake	(f) Sea cliff
	(g) Hard bed rock
	(h) Deserts

Answer:

(i) Glacier	(c) River of ice
(ii) Meanders	(d) Rivers
(iii) Beach	(a) Sea shore
(iv) Sand dunes	(h) Deserts
(v) Waterfall	(g) Hard bed rock
(vi) Earthquake	(e) Vibrations of earth

Question 4.
Give reasons.
(i) Some rocks have a shape of a mushroom.
Answer:
Winds usually erode the lower section of the rock much more than the upper portion in desert. Hence, such hocks take the shape of a mushroom which have narrower base and wider top.

(ii) Flood plains are very fertile.
Answer:
The deposition of fine soil and other materials called sediments on the river banks helps in the formation of flood plains. By flood water, the soil and sediments are brought hence they are very fertile.

(iii) Sea caves are turned into stacks.
Answer:
At the rocks, sea waves strikes. Cracks develops as a result and it becomes bigger over the period and hollow like caves are formed on the rocks. These are the sea caves. These cavities becomes bigger and bigger and a times come when only the roof of the caves remain to make sea arches. To some extent, erosion breaks the roof and only walls are left. These wall like features are called stacks hence, in this manner sea waves are turned into stacks,

(iv) Buildings collapse due to earthquakes.
Answer:
Most of the buildings are not earthquake proof and safe enough to withstand the pressure of the vibrations of the earthquake. They collapse tearing apart due to insubstantial foundation and lack of adequate good materials such as steel in the interior design.

Activity

Question 5.
Observe the photographs given below. These are various features made by a river. Identify them and also tell whether they are erosional or depositional or landforms formed by both.

Answer:

(For Fun)

Question 6.
Solve the crossword puzzle with the help of given clues.

Across:
2. Loop like bend of river 4. Solid form of water
7. Moving mass of ice
9. Sudden descent of water in bed of river
11. Natural cavity on weak rocks formed by action of waves
12.Embankment on river that keeps river in its channel
13. Large body of sea water
14. Dry area where sand dunes are found
15. Small hill of sand piled by action of wind
16. Flat plain formed by river depoits during time of flood

Down:
1. Rise and fall of water caused by friction of wind on water surface
3. Flow of water in channel
5. Steep perpendicular face of rock along sea coast
6. Debris of boulder and coarse material carried by glacier
8. Crescent shaped lake formed by river meander
10. Fine sand deposited by action of wind
13. Isolated mass of rising steep rock near coastline
14. Alluvial tracts of land at mouth of river formed by river deposits

Across	Down
2. Meander	1. Wave
4. Ice	3. River
7. Glacier	5. Cliff
9.Waterfall	6. Moraine
11. Caves	8. Ox Bow lakes
12. Levee	10. Loess
13. Sea	13. Stack
14. Desert	14. Delta
15. Sand dune
16. Flood Plain

JAC Class 7th Geography Our Changing Earth Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The earthquake is measured with the help of
(a) Compass
(b) Seismograph
(c) Thermometer
(d) Lactometer
Answer:
(b) Seismograph

Question 2.
Sand dunes are
(a) hill like structure
(b) cave like structure
(c) wall like structure
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) hill like structure

Question 3. Inside the earth, the molten magma moves in a……manner.
(a) circular
(b) vertical
(c) horizontal
(d) spiral
Answer:
(b) vertical

Question 4.
The highest waterfall in the world is
(a) Jog Falls
(b) Victoria Falls
(c) Niagra Falls
(d) Horseshoe Falls
Answer:
(c) Niagra Falls

Question 5.
Loess is found in
(a) mountains
(b) sea
(c) plains
(d) deserts
Answer:
(d) deserts

Question 6.
Colour of infrared images that represent sandy areas, sand dunes and beaches is
(a) yellow
(b) white – cream
(c) red magenta
(d) pink – white
Answer:
(b) white – cream

Question 7.
Broken plates are known as
(a) Farallon plate
(b) Scotia plate
(c) Tectonic plate
(d) Lithospheric plate
Answer:
(d) Lithospheric plate

Question 8.
The forces which act in the interior of the earth is known as
(a) Endogenic Force
(b) Magnetic Force
(c) Exogenic Force
(d) Gravitational Force
Answer:
(a) Endogenic Force

Question 9.
One of the Endogenic Force is theSudden Force. These include/s
(a) Volcano
(b) Landslides
(c) Earthquake
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 10: The activity in a river which erodes the landscape is
(a) Swimming of humans
(b) Growth of weeds
(c) Running water
(d) Boating
Answer:
(c) Running water

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
During an earthquake we should keep away from which places?
Answer:
During an earthquake we should keep away from the places such as chimneys, windows that shatter including mirrors and picture frames and fire places.

Question 2.
Name the major agents of erosion.
Answer:
The major agents of erosion are wind, water and ice.

Question 3.
What do you meant by vent?
Answer:
Vent is the narrow opening of the volcano.

Question 4.
Name the scale that is used to measurethe earthquake.
Answer:
The Richter Scale is used to measure themagnitude of the earthquake.

Question 5.
What do you mean by distributaries?
Answer:
When the river begins to break up to a number of streams are known as distributaries.

Question 6.
Which are the two methods that wear away the landscape?
Answer:
The two methods that wear away the landscape are weathering and erosion.

Question 7.
What are the activities on the surface of the earth that create different landforms?
Answer:
The activities on the surface of the earth that create different landforms are the process of erosion and deposition.

Question 8.
What do you mean by focus?
Answer:
The focus is the place in the crust where the movement starts.

Question 9.
When the river tumbles at the steep angle over very hard rocks or down a steep valley side then what is formed?
Answer:
When the river tumbles at the steep angle over very hard rocks or down a steep valley side then waterfall is formed.

Question 10.
What is formed when the river enters the plain and twists and turns forming large bends?
Answer:
Meander is formed when the river enters the plain and twists and turns forming large bends.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which manner glacial morains form?
Answer:
The materials which are carried by the glacier such as rocks small and big; sand and silt gets deposited. These depositions form glacial moraines.

Question 2.
What do you understand by the term delta?
Answer:
A feature is formed when river drops off the sediments in low-lying areas usually as they enter the sea, ocean or estuary is known as delta. It has triangular shape sometimes.

Question 3.
What are the three types of earthquake waves?
Answer:
The three types of earthquake waves are

Longitudinal waves or P waves
Transverse waves or S waves
Surface waves or L waves

Question 4.
Where are Victoria Falls and Niagra Falls located?
Answer:
Victoria Falls is located on the borders of Zambia and Zimbabwe in Africa. Niagra Falls is situated on the borders of United States of America and Canada.

Question 5.
List the important lithospheric plates.
Answer:
The important lithospheric plates are

The Indo-Australian Plate
The Eurasian Plate
The North American Plate
The South American Plate
The African Plate
The Pacific Plate
The Antarctic Plate

Question 6.
What are the agents of denudation?
Answer:
Denudation is the effect of two main processes – Endogenous and Exogenous.

The agents of denudation are
Wind
Running water
Sea waves
Glaciers

Question 7.
How do we measure the intensity of an earthquake?
Answer:
Seismograph is a machine which helps to measure an earthquake and the magnitude is measured on the Richter Scale. Hence, the intensity of the earthquake is measured in the following way:

Magnitude	Affect
4.0 or less	only little can be felt
Over 5.0	cause damages such as things falling
6.0 or more	feel very strong
7.0 or higher	major damage of this earthquake

Question 8.
When does ox-bow lakes form?
Answer:
When there is a continuous erosion and deposition occurs along the sides of the meander, the ends of the meander loop come very closer. Hence, in due period of time the meander loop cuts off from the river and forms a cut-off lake which is known as ox-bow lakes.

Question 9.
What are the two types of tectonic movement?
Answer:
The two types of tectonic movements are Vertical earth movement and Horizontal earth movement.

Question 10.
Where do you think volcanoes are found?
Answer:
The place where the tectonic plates are pulled apart or come together, the volcanoes are found there. These are also found where there is thinning and stretching of earth’s crust happens such as in the rift valley (Africa).

Long Answer Type Questions

Due to continuous erosion and deposition along the sides of the meander, the ends of the meander loop come very close. In due period of time the meander loop cuts off from the river and forms a cut-off lake which is also called as an oxbow lake.
At times the river overflows its banks and and this leads to the flooding of the neighbouring areas. As it floods heavily, it deposits

Question 1.
Discuss the work of a river.
Answer:
Work of a river:

1. In the river, the running water erodes the landscape. When the river tumbles at steep angle over very hard rocks or down a steep valley side it forms a waterfall.layers of fine soil and other materials which is known as sediments along its banks. This leads to the formation of a flat fertile flood plain. This raised banks are known as levees.

2. As the river proceeds towards the sea, the speed of the flowing water
decreases and the river begins to break up into a number of streams which are known as distributaries. The river becomes so slow that it begins to deposit its load. And, each distributary forms its own mouth. The collection of sediments from all the mouths hence forms a delta.

Question 2.
Write short note on the work of sea waves.
Answer:
Work of sea waves:

The sea waves gives rise to coastal landforms with the help of erosion and deposition. Sea waves . continuously strike at the rocks and the cracks develop. Over the period, they become larger and wider. Hence, hollow like caves are formed on the rocks. They are known as sea caves.
As these cavities become bigger and bigger only the roof of the caves remain at last and thus forms the sea arches.
Furthermore, erosion breaks the roof and only the walls are left. These walls like features are known as stacks.
Above sea water, the steep rocky coast rises almost vertically is known as sea cliff”.
The sea waves which deposits sediments along the shores forms beaches.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life

September 6, 2024September 5, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life

JAC Class 7th Geography Natural Vegetation and Wild Life InText Questions and Answers

Page 39

Question 1.
Salima was excited about the summer camp she was attending. She had gone to visit Manali in Himachal Pradesh along with her class mates. She recalled how surprised she was to see the changes in the landform and natural vegetation as the bus climbed higher and higher. The deep jungles of the foothills comprising sal and teak slowly disappeared.

She could see tall trees with thin pointed leaves and cone shaped canopies on the mountain slopes. She learnt that those were coniferous trees. She noticed blooms of bright flowers on tall trees. These were the rhododendrons. From Manali as she was travelling up to Rohtang pass she saw that the land was covered with short grass and snow in some places.

Question 1.
Now can you tell why Salima saw changes in the natural vegetation as she climbed higher and higher? What type of vegetations did she see in the Himalayas starting with the foothills and going to the higher altitudes?
Answer:
Salima saw changes in the natural vegetation as she climbed higher and higher because of change in climate, slope, thickness of soil. The type of vegetation she saw in the Himalayas starting with the foothills and going to the. higher altitudes are trees such as cedar, pine, chir; snow covered coniferous forests and short grass.

Question 2.
Like Salima, when you go to visit any new place, notice the type of natural vegetation occurring there and try to think of factors responsible for the growth of such vegetation in that habitat.
Answer:
Students need to do it themselves.

Question 3.
Note down if any human interference has taken place in that area in terms of deforestation, grazing, cultivation of cash crops, constructional activities etc.
Answer:
Students need to do it themselves.

Page 41

Question 4.
Where in India do tropical evergreen and tropical deciduous forests occur? Name the states.
Answer:
In India, the tropical evergreen and tropical deciduous forests occur are

Tropical evergreen forests: Assam, West Bengal, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu.
Tropical deciduous forests: Odisha, Jharkhand Chhattisgarh, Kerala.

Question 5.
Which type of forest dominates most part of India?
Answer:
The tropical deciduous forests dominates part of India.

Page 43

Question 6.
Look around in your surroundings and find out the articles made of hard wood and soft wood.
Answer:
The articles made of Hard wood Doors, windows, tables, chairs, beds, cupboards, etc. Soft wood Match boxes, packaging materials, boats, etc.

Question 7.
Find out and learn few names of trees of your locality.
Answer:
We see mango, neem, guava, peepal, jamun trees in our locality.

JAC Class 7th Geography Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) Which are the two factors on which the growth of vegetation mostly depends?
Answer:
The temperature and moisture are the two factors on which the growth of vegetation mostly depends.

(ii) Which are the three broad categories of natural vegetation?
Answer:
Forests, grasslands and shrubs are the three broad categories of natural vegetation.

(iii) Name the two hardwood trees commonly found in tropical evergreen forest.
Answer:
Mahogany and rosewood are the two hardwood trees commonly found in tropical evergreen forest.

(iv) In which part of the world and tropical deciduous forest is found?
Answer:
The tropical deciduous forest are found in northern Australia, Central America and in large part of India.

(v) In which climatic conditions, citrus fruits cultivated?
Answer:
In hot dry summers and mild rainy winters, citrus fruits are cultivated.

(vi) Mention the uses of coniferous . forest.
Answer:
The coniferous forests are used for manufacturing paper and newsprint, match boxes, packing boxes.

(vii) In which part of the world is seasonal grassland is found?
Answer:
In the mid-latitudinal zones and in the interior parts of the continents of the world, the seasonal grasslands are found.

Tick (√) the correct answer.

Question 2.
(i) Mosses and Lichens are found in
(a) Desert vegetation
(b) Tropical evergreen forest
(c) Tundra vegetation
Answer:
(c) Tundra vegetation

(ii) Thorny bushes are found in
(a) Hot and humid tropical climate
(b) Hot and dry desertic climate
(c) Cold polar climate
Answer:
(b) Hot and dry desertic climate

(iii) In tropical evergreen forest, one of the common animals is
(a) Monkey
(b) Giraffe
(c) Camel
Answer:
(a) Monkey

(iv) One important variety of coniferous forest is:
(a) Rosewood
(b) Pine
(c) Teak
Answer:
(b) Pine

(v) Steppe grassland is found in
(a) S. Africa
(b) Australia
(c) Central Asia
Answer:
(c) Central Asia

Question 3.
Match the following.

(i) Walrus	(a) Soft wood tree
(ii) Cedar	(b) An animal of tropical deciduous forest
(iii) Olives	(c) A polar animal
(iv) Elephants	(d) Temperate grassland in Australia
(v) Campos	(e) Thorny shrubs
(vi) Downs	(f) A citrus fruit

Answer:

(i) Walrus	(c) A polar animal
(ii) Cedar	(a) Soft wood tree
(iii) Olives	(f) A citrus fruit
(iv) Elephants	(b) An animal of tropical deciduous forest
(v) Campos	(g) Tropical grassland of Brazil
(Vi) Downs	(d) Temperate grassland in Australia

Question 4.
Give reasons.

The animals in polar region have thick fur and thick skin.
Tropical deciduous trees shed their leaves in the dry season.
The type and thickness of vegetation changes from place to place.

Answer:

The animals in polar region have thick fur and thick skin to protect themselves from extreme cold climatic conditions.
Transpiration occurs through leaves. To reduce transpiration in dry season, the tropical deciduous trees shed their leaves in dry season.
Due to variation in temperature and moisture, the type and thickness of vegetation changes from place to place.

(For Fun)

Question 5.
In the given crossword table given below, some words are hidden. They are all about vegetation and wildlife and are to be found horizontally and vertically. Two have been worked out for you. Work in pairs with a friend

Vegetation	Wildlife
1. Neem	1. Bear
2. Bamboo	2. Whale
3. Flora	3. Ox
4. Lichen	4. Zebra
5. Pine	5. Goat
6. Chir	6. Tiger
7. Grass	7. Yak
8. Taiga	8. Owl
9. Tulsi	9. Deer
10. Fir	10. Lion
11. Tundra	11. Fowl
12. Ebony	12. Horse
13. Pampas	13. Pig
14. Llanos	14. Camel
15. Oak	Wildlife
16. Mosses

JAC Class 7th Geography Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Coniferous forests are also known as
(a) Mediterranean
(b) Taiga
(c) Tundra
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Taiga

Question 2.
The forest which comprises both hard wood and softwood trees is
(a) Coniferous forest
(b) Tropical evergreen forest
(c) Temperate evergreen forest
(d) Tropical deciduous forest
Answer:
(c) Temperate evergreen forest

Question 3.
Tropical deserts are found on the margins of the continents.
(a) Northern
(b) Western
(c) Southern
(d) Eastern
Answer:
(b) Western

Question 4.
Tropical grasslands in East Africa is
(a) Campos
(b) Llanos
(c) Savannah
(d) Prairie
Answer:
(c) Savannah

Question 5.
kind of vegetation is found in steppes.
(a) Temperate grasslands
(b) Tropical evergreen forests
(c) Tropical grasslands
(d) Temperate deciduous forests
Answer:
(a) Temperate grasslands

Question 6.
The given below is a coniferous tree
(a) Teak
(b) Cedar
(c) Rosewood
(d) Pine
Answer:
(d) Pine

Question 7.
Given below tree is not a hardwood tree
(a) Rosewood
(b) Eucalyptus
(c) Ebony
(d) Mahogany
Answer:
(b) Eucalyptus

Question 8.
The most commonly found primate in India is
(a) The Rhesus Macaque
(b) The Red-faced baboon
(c) The Proboscis monkey
(d) The Grey langur
Answer:
(a) The Rhesus Macaque

Question 9.
The only species of bears found in India are
(a) Sloth bear
(b) Himalayan Black bear
(c) Asian Sun Bear
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Himalayan Black bear

Question 10.
Thorny bushes are mainly found in
(a) Cold polar climate
(b) Hot and humid tropical climate
(c) Hot and dry desert climate
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Hot and dry desert climate

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do the term Taiga mean in Russian language?
Answer:
The term taiga means untouched or pure in the Russian language.

Question 2.
What is the reason which makes the coniferous forest unique?
Answer:
The reason which makes the coniferous forest unique is the tall and softwood evergreen trees. .

Question 3.
What is the alternate name of tropical evergreen forests?
Answer:
The alternate nathe of tropical evergreen forests is tropical rainforests.

Question 4.
Where is Veld Temperate Grassland situated?
Answer:
Veld Temperate Grassland is situated in Africa.

Question 5.
What is the main feature of polar region?
Answer:
The main feature of polar region is that it is very cold.

Question 6.
Where are Campos found?
Answer:
Campos are found in Brazil.

Question 7.
What animals are found in the tropical grasslands?
Answer:
Animals which are found in the tropical grasslands are elephants, zebras, giraffes, deer, leopards, etc.

Question 8.
Where are Savannah grasslands found?
Answer:
Savannah grasslands are found in Africa.

Question 9.
Which place is known as ‘Orchards of the World’ and why?
Answer:
Mediterranean places are known as ‘Orchards of the World’ because for their fruit cultivation.

Question 10.
In which region temperate evergreen forests are found?
Answer:
The thick forests are found in the regions near the equator and close to the tropics.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
The equatorial forests are considered as the lungs of the earth. Why?
Answer:
The tropical evergreen forest or the equatorial forests in Brazil are so enormous that it is like the lungs of the earth.

Question 2.
What are the features of Mediterranean trees?
Answer:
The features of Mediterranean trees are that they adapt themselves to dry summers with the help of their thick barks and wax coated leaves which help them to lessen the transpiration.

Question 3.
Write a note on anaconda.
Answer:
Anaconda is one of the world’s largest snakes. They are very huge and non- poisonous snakes. They are found in the tropical rainforest. Anaconda can kill and eat a large animal such as a crocodile.

Question 4.
Does altitude affect vegetation? If yes then-how?
Answer:
Yes, altitude affects vegetation. A close relationship between height of land and the character of vegetation is present. With the change in height, the climate changes and thus changes the natural vegetation.

Question 5.
Name the different types of grasslands. Answer: Different grasslands are:

Savannah in East Africa
Campos in Brazil
Llanos in Venezuela
Pampas in Argentina
Prairie in North America
Veld in South Africa
Steppe in Central Asia
Down in Australia.

Question 6.
Write the important features of tropical evergreen forests.
Answer:
Important features of tropical evergreen forests are:

These forests are so dense and opaque that thick canopies and sunshades are developed which do not allow the sunlight to penetrate and go inside the forest.
There is no particular dry season, hence the trees do not shed their leaves altogether. This keeps the forest evergreen.
Hardwood trees such as rosewood, ebony and mahogany, etc., are found here.

Question 7.
Brief about the tropical grasslands.
Answer:
The tropical grasslands develop on either side of the equator and extend till the tropics. This vegetation grows in the regions of moderate to low amount of rainfall. The grass can grow very tall to a height of about 3 to 4 metres. One of this type of grasslands are Savannah grasslands of Africa. Some ; of the animals found here are elephants, zebras, giraffes, deer and leopards.

Question 8.
What are the different kinds of h natural forests found?
Answer:
The different kinds of natural forests’ found are

Tropical evergreen forest
Tropical deciduous forest
Temperate evergreen forest
Temperate deciduous forest
Mediterranean vegetation
Coniferous forest

Question 9:
Write a short note on the natural vegetation and wildlife found in the polar regions.
Answer:
The growth of natural vegetation is very limited here as the polar regions are extremely cold. Only mosses, lichens and very and small shrubs are found here and grow during the very short summer. This is known as Tundra type of vegetation and found in the polar regions of Europe, Asia and North America. The animals found here have thick fur and skin which protect them from the cold and harsh climatic

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 10.
Explain different types of forests.
Answer:
Different types of forests are:

Tropical evergreen forests
Tropical deciduous forests
Temperate evergreen forests
Temperate deciduous forests
Mediterranean vegetation
Coniferous forests

Tropical evergreen forests :
These forests are very dense and thick and found in the regions near the equator and close to the tropics. They receive heavy rain all through the year. The trees of these forests do not shed their leaves altogether and therefore they remain green all the time and called as evergreen. Hardwood trees like rosewood, ebony and mahogany are found here.

Tropical deciduous forests:
These forest are found in the areas which experience seasonal changes and trees shed their leaves in the dry season to conserve water. The hardwood trees such as sal, teak, neem and shisham are found in this region. Animals like tigers, lions, elephants, langoors and monkeys are found in these forests.

Temperate evergreen forests:
These forests are found along the eastern margin of the continents. They contains both hard and softwood trees such as oak, pine, eucalyptus, etc.

Temperate deciduousf orests:
Trees of these forests shed their leaves in dry season. Trees found here are oak, ash, beech, etc. Deer, foxes, wolves, etc., are some of the animals found in these forests.

Mediterranean vegetation :
It is found in the areas around the Mediterranean sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. Citrus fruits like oranges, figs, olives and grapes are cultivated in the Mediterranean regions.

Coniferous forests :
These forests are also known as Taiga. They are tall, softwood evergreen trees. Chir, pine, cedar are important types of trees found in these forests. Silver, fox, mink, polar bear are the some of the animals found here.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 2 Inside Our Earth

September 6, 2024September 5, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 2 Inside Our Earth

JAC Class 7th Geography Inside Our Earth InText Questions and Answers

Page 9

Question 1.
Collect pictures of some monuments and find out which are the rocks used to build them.
Answer:
Students can collect pictures of monuments which are made of

White marbles: Victoria Memorial in Kolkata; Lake Palace in Udaipur; Taj Mahal in Agra.
Red Sandstones: Hawa Mahal in Jaipur; Buland Darwaza in Fatehpur Sikri near Agra Red Fort in Delhi.

Page 10

Question 2.
What are the minerals found in your state? Collect some samples to show in your class.
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own.

JAC Class 7th Geography Inside Our Earth Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.

What are the three layers of the earth?
What is a rock?
Name three types of rocks.
How are extrusive and intrusive rocks formed?
What do you mean by a rock cycle?
What are the uses of rocks?
What are metamorphic rocks?

Answer:
1. The three layers of our earth are Mantle

2. A rock is made up of a natural mass of mineral matter that makes up the earth’s cmst. They can be of different shape, colour, size and texture.

3. Three types of rocks are:

Igneous rocks and primary rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks

4. When the molten lava comes down, it cools down very fast and becomes solid. In this way, the rocks formed on the crust are called the extrusive rocks. For example – basalt. Sometimes the molten magma cools down deep inside the crust of the earth. So, the solid rocks are thus formed and called the intrusive rocks. For example – granite.

5. One certain type of rock changes to another type under certain conditions in a cyclic way. This process of transformation of the rock from one to another is called the rock cycle such as igneous rocks change into sedimentary rocks. When the igneous and sedimentary rocks exposed to extreme heat. and pressure, they change into metamorphic rocks. The metamorphic rocks which are still under heat and pressure meet down to form molten magma. This again cool down and solidify into igneous rocks.

6. The rocks are used for making houses, buildings, roads. Stones are used in many games such as hopscotch (stapu / kitkit), five stones (gitti), seven stones (pitthoo) etc.

7. The igneous and the sedimentary rocks are exposed to heat and pressure, they changes into metamorphic rocks. Such as clay changes into slate, limestone changes into marble.

Tick (√) the correct answer.

Question 2:
(i) The rock which is made up of molten magma is
(a) Igneous
(b) Sedimentary
(c) Metamorphic
Answer:
(a) Igneous

(ii) The innermost layer of the earth is
(a) Crust
(b) Core
(c) Mantle
Answer:
(b) Core

(iii) Gold, petroleum and coal are examples of
(a) Rocks
(b) Minerals
(c) Fossils
Answer:
(b) Minerals

(iv) Rocks which contain fossils are
(a) Sedimentary rocks
(b) Metamorphic rocks
(c) Igneous rocks
Answer:
(c) Igneous rocks

(v) The thinnest layer of the earth is
(a) Crust
(b) Mantle
(c) Core
Answer:
(c) Core

Question 3.
Match the following.

(i) Core	(a) Changes into slate
(ii) Minerals	(b) Used for roads and buildings
(iii) Rocks	(c) Made of silicon and alumina
(iv) Clay	(d) Has definite chemical composition
(v) Sial	(e) Innermost layer
	(f) Changes into slate
	(g) Process of transformation of the rock

Answer:

(i) Core	(e) Innermost layer
(ii) Minerals	(d) Has definite chemical composition
(iii) Rocks	(b) Used for roads and buildings
(iv) Clay	(f) Changes into slate
(v) Sial	(c) Made of silicon and alumina

Question 4.
Give reasons.

We cannot go to the centre of the earth.
Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments.
Limestone is changed into marble.

Answer:
1. We cannot go to the centre of the earth because we need to dig around 6000 km under the ocean bed which is not possible. Also, the centre of the earth has very high temperature and pressure.

2. Rocks break down into small pieces called the sediments. These sediments are transported and deposited by water, wind, etc. These loose sediments are composed and hardened to form layers of rocks called the sedimentary rocks.

3. Limestone is changed to marble because sedimentary rocks changes into metamorphic rocks under a extensive pressure and heat. (For Fun)

Question 5.

What are the minerals most commonly used in the following objects?
Identify some more objects made up of different minerals.

Answer:

Karhai, Pan, Taw CL Hammer – Iron, steel Bell, lamp – brass, iron Ornaments – gold, pearl
Utensils – aluminium, steel, copper, brass Wires – copper, aluminium Almirah – Iron Doors – Iron Windows – Iron, glass, aluminium

JAC Class 7th Geography Inside Our Earth Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The continental mass of the crust is about km and km on the ocean floor.
(a) 5,65
(b) 45,10
(c) 35, 5
(d) 10, 50
Answer:
(c) 35, 5

Question 2.
……… is the deepest mine in the world.
(a) South Africa
(b) Australia
(c) South America
(d)Asia
Answer:
(a) South Africa

Question 3.
Rock sediments are transported and deposited by
(a) wind
(b) water
(c) Both ‘a’ and ‘b’
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Both ‘a’ and ‘b’

Question 4.
We use the following as fuel /s:
(a) petroleum
(b) coal
(c) natural gas
(d) all of these
Answer:
(d) all of these

Question 5.
The Deccan plateau is made up of
(a) clay and sandstone
(b) granite and basalt
(c) limestone
(d) basalt
Answer:
(d) basalt

Question 6.
From the sand grains is made.
(a) silicon
(b) sandstone
(c) limestone
(d) granite
Answer:
(b) sandstone

Question 7.
Below the crust, the mantle extends upto a depth of
(a) 2900 km
(b) 2000 km
(c) 2100 km
(d) 3900 km
Answer:
(a) 2900 km

Question 8.
The thickness of the outer layer of the earth is
(a) 40 km
(b) 60 km
(c) 70 km
(d) 100 km
Answer:
(b) 60 km

Question 9.
The main mineral constituents of the continental mass are
(a) silica and magnesium
(b) nickel and iron
(c) silica and alumina
(d) nickel and magnesium
Answer:
(c) silica and alumina

Question 10. The oceanic crust mainly consists of silica and magnesium called as
(a) sial
(b) sima
(c) nife
(d) nima
Answer:
(b) sima

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the radius of the core of the earth?
Answer:
The radius of the core of the earth is 3500 km.

Question 2.
What is the crust of the earth made up of?
Answer:
The crust of the earth is made up of different types of rocks.

Question 3.
In which rock igneous and sedimentary rocks change?
Answer:
In metamorphic rocks the igneous and sedimentary rocks changes.

Question 4.
What are the main components of the core?
Answer:
The main components of the core are nickel and iron. It is generally called as nife.

Question 5.
What is the special trait of the uppermost layer of the earth?
Answer:
The special trait of the uppermost layer of the earth is that it is the thinnest of all the layers.

Question 6.
What are the components of the oceanic crust?
Answer:
The components of the oceanic crust are silica and magnesium.

Question 7.
What do you mean by lava?
Answer:
A raging and fiery red molten magma coming out from the interior of the earth on its surface is called as lava.

Question 8.
What do you mean by volcano?
Answer:
Volcano happens when magma from deep below forces its way upto earth’s outer surface.

Question 9.
What are minerals?
Answer:
Naturally occurring substances which have specific physical and definite chemical properties and composition are called the minerals.

Question 10.
What do you understand by crust?
Answer:
Crust is the uppermost layer of the earth’s surface.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why the igneous rocks are called the primary rocks or the basic rocks?
Answer:
Our earth consists of a hot molten material which have high temperatures and pressure deep below. Igneous rocks are formed on cooling and solidification of the matter and they make up about two-thirds of the earth’s crust. Hence, they are called primary or basic rocks.

Question 2.
Volcanic ashes are found after the volcano’s eruption. What are these volcanic ashes?
Answer:
The material that comes out of the volcano are generally of three types; they are solid, liquid and gases. The solid materials are large and small fragments and pieces of rocks which are known as cinder and fine particles of these are called volcanic ashes.

Question 3.
Why formation of rocks is a slow process?
Answer:
Formation of rocks is a slow process because:

Climate and weather breaks the parent rocks into numerous smaller pieces.
Plants and animals organism helps in weathering of rocks.
Elevation or topography also helps in weathering of rocks.
Time and period also plays major role in the slow process.

Question 4.
Give examples of each of the following:
(a) Igneous rocks
(b) Sedimentary rocks
(c) Metamorphic rocks
Answer:
Examples of each of the following:
(a) Igneous rocks – basalt
(b) Sedimentary rocks – limestone, coal, sandstone, shale
(c) Metamorphic rocks – marble, slate, gnesis

Question 5.
What do you mean by fossils?
Answer:
Fossils are the remains of the dead plants and animals trapped and confined in the layer of rocks. They generally formed from the hard parts bones or shells of living things.

Question 6.
How minerals are useful for mankind?
Answer:
Some of the minerals such as coal, natural gas and petroleum are used as fuels and also in industries. Iron, aluminium, gold, uranium, etc., are used in medicine, in fertilizers, etc. Hence, minerals are very useful for mankind.

Question 7.
What do you mean by mantle?
Answer:
The intermediate layer which lies between the crust and the core of the earth is called the mantle. Its average thickness is about 2900 km and is believed to comprises of solid ultra basic rocks which are rich in iron and magnesium.

Question 8.
Why the outer crust is important to us?
Answer:
The outer crust is important to us because the solidified outer crust of the earth is having a thin crust forms the base on which human life and civilization have developed. It also consists of the valuable soil and gives us most of our minerals.

Question 9.
Differentiate between mantle and core.
Answer:

Mantle	Core
• Just underneath the crust means it is the middle or centric layer of the earth.	• The innermost layer of the earth.
• It has a density of 3.5 km.	• It has a density of 5.1 km.
• The main components of minerals are silica and magnesium i.e.; SIMA.	• The main components of minerals are nickel and ferrous (iron) i.e; NIFE.

Question 10.
Differentiate between minerals and rocks.

Minerals	Rocks
• Minerals have atomic structure and contains ore.	• Rock is a collection and cluster of minerals.
• They have a specific and definite chemical composition.	• -They does not have a definite chemical composition.
• There are about 2000 types of minerals.	• Mainly they are of three types – igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.
• It is the natural inorganic compound which forms in the rocks.	• It is a solid natural material formed in the earth’s crust.
Minerals	Rocks

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write and describe the different types and features of the rocks.
Answer:
The different types of rocks are:

Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks

Igneous Rocks :
When the molten magma cools down it solidifies and rocks formed in this way are called igneous rocks. They are also known as primary rocks. These are mainly of two types:

Extrusive rocks :
When the molten lava comes on the surface of the earth, „ it cools down very fast and solidifies. Thus, rocks formed in this way on the crust are called extrusive rocks such as basalt.

Intrusive rocks:
When the molten magma cools down deep inside the earth’s crust and solidifies. Thus, rocked formed in this way are called intrusive rocks such as granite. They cool down slowly and form large grains.

Sedimentary rocks:
Small and tiny pieces of rocks are called sediments. These sediments are carried from and deposited by wind, water, etc. These ‘ loose sediments are compressed and hardened to form sedimentary rocks such as sandstone.

Metamorphic rocks:
When igneous and sedimentary rocks are exposed to enormous heat and pressure they gradually change into metamorphic rocks such as clay changes into slate.

Important Features of Rocks:

They are found in different shapes, sizes, textures and colours.
On the earth’s crust, different types of rocks are found.
They can be as soft as clay or chalk and hard as granite.

Question 2:
Differentiate between crust and core.
Answer:

Crust	Core
• Crust is the uppermost layer of the earth’s surface.	• Core is the innermost layer of the earth’s surface.
• The main mineral components are silica and alumina i.e; SIAL.	• The main mineral components are nickel and iron (ferrous) i.e; NIFE.
• The density is only 1.5 km.	• The density is only 5.1 km.
• The temperature is between 50 degree to 55 degree Celcius.	• It has pressure and the temperature is much higher than the crust.
• On continental mass the crust is about 35 km and on the ocean floors it is about 5 km.	• It has a radius of 3500 km.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 5 Water

September 6, 2024September 5, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 5 Water

JAC Class 7th Geography Water InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why water is important for us?
Answer:
Water is the most useful and easily available thing on the earth for the survival. It is useful in many ways. We require water for drinking, cleaning, washing, cooking, bathing, putting out fire, etc.

Question 2.
Suggest some ways in which water can be conserved in your home and in your school.
Answer:
Some ways in which water can be conserved in our home and in our school are:

Use only the amount of water required.
We should not play with water.
We should repair the leakage taps.
We should try to minimise the wastage of water.
We should close the tap after use.
Rainwater harvesting tequniques should be applied.
We should not pollute water.
Water recycling should be done.

JAC Class 7th Geography Wate Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) What is precipitation?
Answer:
Precipitation is the falling of moisture in the form of rainfall, snow, fog, sleet and hailstorm.

(ii) What is water cycle?
Answer:
The process by which water continuously changes its form and circulates between oceans, seas, atmosphere and land is called as water cycle.

(iii) What are the factors affecting the height of the waves?
Answer:
The factors affecting the height of the waves are winds, earthquakes, under water disturbances, volcanic eruptions. The waves become bigger when the winds are stronger.

(iv) Which factors affect the movement of ocean water?
Answer:
The factors which affect the movement of ocean water are winds, temperature, gravitational pull of the sun, the earth and the moon. Apart from these, cold and warm currents also affect the movement of ocean current.

(v) What are tides and how are they caused?
Answer:
In a day, the rhythmic rise and fall of ocean or sea water which occurs twice are called as tides. They are caused by the strong gravitational pull exerted by the sun and moon on the surface of the earth.

(vi) What are ocean currents?
Answer:
The streams of water which flows constantly on the ocean’s surface in definite direction are called the ocean currents.

Question 2.
Give reasons.
(i) Ocean water is salty.
Answer:
Salt in the ocean comes from two sources: runoff from the land and openings in the seafloor. Rocks on land are the major source of salts dissolved in seawater. Rainwater that falls on land is slightly acidic, so it erodes rocks. Ocean water seeps into cracks in the seafloor and is heated by magma from the Earth’s core.

(ii) The quality of water is deteriorating.
Answer:
The quality of water is deteriorating because the portable water which is available is not always of good and pure in terms of quality. This is due to industrial effluents and outflow . and untreated water of factories and . industries get mixed into the rivers and streams. Sewer water also get mixed with them. Hence, it is unfit and poisonous for human and for other living being’s consumption.

Tick (√) the correct answer.

Question 3.

(i) The process by which water continually changes its form • and circulates between oceans, atmosphere and land
(a) Water cycle
(b) Tides
(c) Ocean currents
Answer:
(a) Water cycle

(ii) Generally the warm ocean currents originate near
(a) Poles
(b) Equator
(c) None of these
Answer:
(b) Equator

(iii) The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice in a day is called
(a) Tide
(b) Ocean current
(c) Wave
Answer:
(a) Tide

Question 4.
Match the following.

(i) Caspian Sea	(a) Largest lake
(ii) Tide	(b) Periodic rise and fall of water
(iii) Tsunami	(c) Strong seismic waves Streams of water
(iv) Ocean currents	(d) moving along definite paths
	(e) Water cycle

Answer:

(i) Caspian Sea	(a) Largest lake Periodic rise
(ii) Tide	(b) and fall of water
(iii) Tsunami	(c) Strong seismic waves
(iv) Ocean currents	(d) Streams of water moving in along definite paths

Question 5.
(For Fun) Be a Detective
(i) The name of one river is hidden in each of the sentences below. Spot it. Example: Mandira, Vijayalakshmi and Surinder are my best friends
Answer:
Ravi
(a) The snake charmer’s bustee, stables where horses are housed, and the piles of wood, all caught fire accidentally. (Hint: Another name for River Brahmaputra)

(b) The conference manager put pad, material for reading and a pencil for each participant. (Hint: A distributary on the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta)

(d) Bhavani germinated the seeds in a pot (Hint: Look for her in West Africa)

(e) “I am a zonal champion now” declared the excited atheletic. (Hint: The river that has he biggest basin in the world)

(f) The tiffin box rolled down and all the food fell in dusty potholes. (Hint: Rises in India and journeys through Pakistan)

(g) Malini leaned against the pole when she felt that she was going to faint. (Hint: Her delta in Egypt is famous)

(h) Samantha mesmerised everybody with her magic tricks. (Hint: London is situated on her estuary)

(i) “In this neighbourhood, please don’t yell! Owners of these houses like to . have peace”. Warned my father when . we moved into our new flat”. (Hint: colour!)

(j) ‘Write the following words, Marc!’ “On”, “go”, “in” said the teacher to the little boy in KG Class. (Hint: Rhymes with ‘bongo’). Now make some more on your own and ask your classmates to spot the hidden name. You can do this with any name: that of a lake, mountains, trees, fruits, school items, etc.
Answer:
(a) Teesta
(b) Padma
(c) Orange
(d) Niger
(e) Amazon
(f) Indus
(g) Nile
(h) Thames
(i) Yellow
(j) Congo

Carry on Detective
(ii) With the help of an atlas, draw each river which you discoverd in For fun (i), on an outline map of the world. Answer: Student need to do it on their own.

JAC Class 7th Geography Water Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The word Tsunami derived from a Japanese word which means
(a) Ocean waves
(b) Harbour waves
(c) Ocean wind
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Harbour waves

Question 2.
World Water Day is celebrated on
(a) 22nd March
(b) 22nd May
(c) 24th March
(d) 28th July
Answer:
(a) 22nd March

Question 3.
The earth surface is …….covered by water.
(a) one-fourth
(b) one-third
(c) three-fourth
(d) half
Answer:
(c) three-fourth

Question 4.
The sources of fresh water are
(a) river, spring, salt lakes
(b) pond, river, glacier
(c) ocean, sea, river
(d) glacier, sea, river
Answer:
(b) pond, river, glacier

Question 5.
…….. has a saline water body.
(a) Glenwood Springs
(b) The Sambar lake
(c) The Amazon river
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) The Sambar lake

Question 6.
The percentage of freshwater foundin rivers are
(a) 0.01%
(b) 0.00001%
(c) 0.001%
(d) 0.0001%
Answer:
(d) 0.0001%

Question 7.
A huge tidal wave is also called
(a) a Tsunami
(b) a tide
(c) a super wave
(d) all of these
Answer:
(a) a Tsunami

Question 8.
When the water covers much of the shore by rising to its highest level then the tide is called as
(a) Spring tide
(b) Neap tide
(c) Low tide
(d) igh tide
Answer:
(d) igh tide

Question 9.
The following is not a result of high tides
(a) generation of electricity
(b) growth of bananas
(c) better fishing
(d) better navigation
Answer:
(b) growth of bananas

Question 10.
The current which originates near the equator and moves towards the poles are
(a) warm ocean currents
(b) frozen ocean current
(c) cold ocean currents
(d) tidal ocean currents
Answer:
(a) warm ocean currents

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which condition causes evaporation of water from earth’s surface?
Answer:
The condition which causes evaporation of water from earth’s surface is the sun’s heat.

Question 2.
Which place was the epicentre of the earthquake of 26th December, 2004?
Answer:
Sumatra was the epicentre of the earthquake of 26th December, 2004.

Question 3.
What was the magnitude of 26th December, 2004 earthquake?
Answer:
The magnitude of 26th December, 2004 earthquake was 9.0 on the Richter scale.

Question 4.
What happens in the areas where warm and cold current meet?
Answer:
The areas where warm and cold current meet, there they experience a foggy and misty weather which makes navigation very difficult.

Question 5.
Which place/s are the best fishing grounds in the world?
Answer:
The best fishing grounds in the world are the seas around eastern coast of North America and Japan.

Question 6.
What are the major sources of fresh water?
Answer:
The major sources of fresh water are river, lakes, springs, glaciers and ponds.

Question 7.
Is it possible to float in the Dead Sea? Why?
Answer:
Yes, it is possible to float in the Dead Sea because it becomes very dense by the increased salt contents.

Question 8.
From where cold currents originates?
Answer:
Cold current originates from the poles.

Question 9.
What do you mean by waves?
Answer:
The water of the ocean surface rises and falls alternatively, they are known as waves.

Question 10
Which is the southernmost point ofIndia? What happened in 2004?
Answer:
Indira point is the southernmost point of India. It submerged due to Tsunami in 2004.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What happens during high tide and low tide?
Answer:
When high tide occurs waves rise very high and water covers much of the sea shore. When low tide occurs water falls to its lowest level and go back and recedes from the shore.

Question 2.
Define salinity? What is the salinity of seas and oceans?
Answer:
Salinity is the amount of salt in grams present in 1000 grams of water. The average salinity of the oceans is 35 parts per thousand.

Question 3.
Name the different types in which the movements of ocean w ater can be categorized.
Answer:
The movements of ocean water can be categorized as

waves
currents
tides

Question 4.
What is the initial sign or indication of a tsunami?
Answer:
The initial sign or indication of a tsunami is that there is a rapid withdrawal and pull-out of water from the coastal region followed by destructive and disastrous wave.

Question 5.
What do you mean by spring tide and neap tide?
Answer:
Spring tides occurs during the full moon and new moon days, when the sun, the earth and the moon are in the same line and the tides are at its highest level.Neap tide occurs when the moon is in its first and last quarter, then the ocean water get drawn in diagonally opposite directions by the gravitational pull of sun and earth which results in low tides.

Question 6.
In which way waterbodies are distributed on the surface of the earth?
Answer:
The following table gives the distribution of water in percentage

Saline water	Oceans	97.3
Fresh water	Ground water	0.68
	Ice caps	2.0
	Fresh water lakes and Inland seas	0.009
	Salt lakes	0.009
	Atmosphere	0.0019
	Rivers	0.0001
	Total	100.00

Question 7.
Differentiate between warm ocean current and cold ocean current.
Answer:
Difference between:

Warm ocean currents	Cold ocean currents
• These originates near the equator and move towards the poles.	• These carry water , from the polar or higher latitudes to tropical or lower latitudes.
• Such as – The Gulf Stream	• Such as – The Labrador Ocean Current.
• It brings warm temperature over the surface of the land.	• It bring the cold temperature over surface of the land.

Question 8.
Differentiate between waves and tides.

Waves	Tides
• Waves happens all day long means 24 hours a day.	• Tides happens twice a day; once early morning and late at night.
• Due to the different actions of the wind, there are up and down movements of ocean water are called as waves.	• Due to the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon, there are up and down movement of ocean water are called as tides.
• The waves are not so useful’. As a matter of fact, they can be destructive and devastating.	• Tides are very useful.

Question 9.
What do you understand by vertical circulation of ocean water.
Answer:
When the water surface gets heated by sun, water evaporates and increases the concentration of salts. Surface water becomes more dense and sinks and eventually sub-surface water rises up. Hence, the salinity of ocean water causes vertical circulation.

Question 10.
In which way Tsunami cause?
Answer:
A volcanic eruption, under water landslide, an earthquake shifts large amount of ocean water. Hence, huge and large waves are formed which are known as Tsunami.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the important and major movements of ocean water?
Answer:
The important movements that occur in oceans can be classified as waves, tides and currents.

Waves occurs when the water on the surface of the ocean rises and falls alternatively. Waves are formed when winds scrape and push across the ocean surface. The bigger the wave becomes when the stronger the wind blows.
Tides are the rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice in a day. High tide occurs when water covers much of the shore by rising to its highest level. Low tide occurs, when water falls to its lowest level and recedes and move back from the shore. The strong gravitational pull exerted by the sun and the moon on the earth’s surface causes the tides.
Ocean Currents are the streams of water flowing constantly on the ocean surface in definite directions. The ocean currents may be warm or cold. Normally, the warm ocean currents originate near the equator and move towards the poles. The cold currents carry water from polar or higher latitudes to tropical or lower latitudes. The Labrador Ocean current is cold current while the Gulf Stream is a warm current.

Question 2.
Explain in brief about Tsunami.
Answer:
Tsunami:

Tsunami is a Japanese word which means ‘Harbour waves’ as the harbours get destroyed whenever there is tsunami.
A volcanic eruption, an earthquake or underwater landslides can shift large amounts of ocean water.
Hence, a huge tidal wave known as tsunami which may be as high as 15 m is formed. The largest tsunami ever measured was 150 m high. These waves travel at a speed of more than 700 km per hour.
The tsunami of 2004 caused devastating and disastrous damage in the coastal areas of India. The Indira point in the Andaman and Nicobar islands got submerged after the tsunami.
On 22nd December, 2018, huge, monstrous and gigantic waves crashed into the coastal areas of Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. The volcano named Anak Karakatau erupted again on the following day causing huge damage which took many lives.
These damage caused to life and property are due to the lack of monitoring the early warning systems and knowledge among the coast dwellers.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Deserts

September 6, 2024September 5, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Deserts

JAC Class 7th Geography Life in the Deserts InText Questions and Answers

Page 69

Question 1.
Can you name some more passes in the Himalayas?
Answer:
Banihal Pass, Burzil Pass, Aghil Pass, etc., are the passes in Himalayas.

JAC Class 7th Geography Life in the Deserts Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(a) What are the two types of deserts found in the world?
Answer:
The two types of deserts found in the world are the hot deserts and the cold deserts.

(b) In which continent is the Sahara desert located?
Answer:
In Africa, the Sahara desert is located.

(c) What are the climatic conditions of the Ladakh desert?
Answer:
The climatic conditions of the Ladakh desert is exceptionally cold and very dry due to high altitude. In summer, the day temperature are just above zero degree and at night, the temperature are below -30 degree. Most of the time in winters they have the temperatures below -40 degree. The region experiences hot burning sunlight and freezing winds.

(d) What mainly attracts tourists to Ladakh?
Answer:
Treks to the meadows, glaciers and the gompas attract the tourists in Ladakh. In winter, the ceremonies and festivities in which the local people engaged themselves also attract the tourists.

(e) What type of clothes the people of the Sahara desert wear?
Answer:
The types of clothes people in the Sahara desert wear are the heavy robes.

(f) Name the trees that grow in Ladakh.
Answer:
The trees that grow in Ladakh are fruit trees such as apple, apricots and walnuts. Also grown there are scanty patches of shrubs and grasses, groves of willows and poplars.

Tick (√) the correct answer.

Question 2.
(i) Sahara is located in which part of Africa?
(a) Eastern
(b) Northern
(c) Western
Answer:
(b) Northern

(ii) Sahara is what type of desert?
(a) Cold
(b) Hot
(c) Mild
Answer:
(b) Hot

(iii) The Ladakh desert is mainly inhabited by
(a) Christians and Muslims
(b) Buddhists and Muslims
(c) Christians and Buddhists
Answer:
(b) Buddhists and Muslims

(iv) Deserts are characterised by
(a) scanty vegetation
(b) heavy precipitation
(c) low evaporation
Answer:
(a) scanty vegetation

(v) Hemis in the Ladakh is a famous
(a) temple
(b) church
(c) monastery
Answer:
(c) monastery

(vi) Egypt is famous for growing
(a) wheat
(b) maize
(c) cotton
Answer:
(c) cotton

Question 3.
Match the following.

(i) Oasis	(a) Libya
(ii) Bedouins	(b) monastery
(iii) Oil	(c) glacier
(iv) Gangri	(d) depressions with water
(v) Lamayuru	(e) Sahara

Answer:

(i) Oasis	(d) depressions with water
(ii) Bedouins	(f) Sahara
(iii) Oil	(a) Libya
(iv) Gangri	(c) glacier
(v) Lamayuru	(b) monastery

Question 4.
Give reasons.
(i) There is scanty vegetation in the . deserts.
Answer:
There is scanty vegetation in the deserts because the climate is either very hot and dry or very cold and dry. Both the conditions are unfavourable for the growth of vegetation. Apart from this, there is less rainfall and lack of sufficient water as well to have vegetation.

(ii) People of the Sahara desert wear heavy robes.
Question
To protect themselves from hot winds and dust storms, the people of the Sahara desert wear heavy robes.

Question 5.
Map skills
(i) On the outline map of Africa, mark the Sahara desert.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

(ii) On the outline map of India, mark the Karakoram Range, Zanskar Range, Ladakh and Zoji La pass.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

(For Fun)

Question 6.
Desert Game This is a class room activity involving all the students. The teacher will create a list of desert creatures. The number of the creatures should be same as the number of students in the class. The creatures can be picked up from the categories of mammals, birds and reptiles.

Mammals can include – camel, yak, fox, sheep, goat, antelope… Birds – raven, eagle, vulture, turkey… Reptiles – snakes … Assign one desert creature to each student. Ask the student to write three characteristics of the creature on plain sheet of paper, (students can use index cards of size 10 cm * 15 cm). Question such as – in what type of deserts it is found? Major adaptation? Use to man?
Answer:
These characteristics will be used as clues in the guessing game. On the board make three columns mammals, birds and reptiles. Paste a sheet of paper in the column under the particular category. The class can be divided in three to four groups. They will compete against each other in the ‘desert game’. Each group now takes turn in guessing the correct answer. Explain to the class that they have to guess what animal matches the characteristics listed on the paper.

For example:

Animal of hot desert
Has double set of eyelashes to keep away the sand
The hide is used for making water bottles.

The correct answer is ‘camel’. Within the group there will be a student who has prepared the card. That student should not answer. Ten points are awarded for the correct answer. This game will enable students to understand the desert You can play the same game by taking different types of fruits, flora and the clothes the people wear.
Answer:
Students need to do this activity in the class.

JAC Class 7th Geography Life in the Deserts Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
All over the world, the Egyptians have been famous for a cash crop that they have been growing since ancient times, which is widely in demand even – today and the cash crop is
(a) Cotton
(b) Maize
(c) Wheat
(d) Barley
Answer:
(a) Cotton

Question 2.
….. are commonly found in Ladakh.
(a) Camels
(b) Churches
(c) Monastries
(d) Buffaloes
Answer:
(c) Monastries

Question 3.
Plants and animals adapt to the exceptionally hot and cold weather conditions and water shortages by adapting themselves by learning skills and developing different techniques which help them survive in the deserts. The are not found in deserts.
(a) Kangaroo rat
(b) Redwood trees
(c) Bactrian camel
(d) Red cactii
Answer:
(b) Redwood trees

Question 4.
Which of the following people do not live in deserts?
(a) Anangus
(b) Tuaregs
(c) Apache Indians
(d) Bedouins
Answer:
(c) Apache Indians

Question 5.
The animals which is not found in Ladakh is/are
(a) The Asiatic Lion
(b) the Himalayan Marmot
(c) the Mountain Sheep
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(a) The Asiatic Lion

Question 6.
The common occupation of the people of Ladakh are
(a) cotton farming
(b) tourism
(c) fruit cultivation
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Answer:
(d) Both (b) and (c)

Question 7.
The mineral which is found in Sahara is
(a) copper
(b) iron
(c) zinc
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) iron

Question 8.
Number of country/ies which touches Sahara desert is/are
(a) 11
(b) 9
(c) 1
(d) 14
Answer:
(a) 11

Question 9.
Vegetation of Sahara desert consists of cactus, palms,
(a) date and apple
(b) fig and date
(c) apple and acacia
(d) date, acacia
Answer:
(a) date and apple

Question 10.
The world’s largest desert is
(a) Sahara desert
(b) Thar desert
(c) Ladakh desert
(d) Kalahari desert
Answer:
(a) Sahara desert

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
List the major and famous monasteries of Ladakh.
Question
The major and famous monasteries of Ladakh are Lamayuru, Hemis, Thiksey and Shey.

Question 2.
Name the capital of Ladakh.
Answer:
The capital of Ladakh is Leh.

Question 3.
List the countries which are associated with the discovery of oil.
Answer:
The countries which are associated with the discovery of oil are Egypt, Algeria and Libya.

Question 4.
What is the area of the Sahara desert?
Answer:
The area of the Sahara desert is approximately 8.54 million sq km.

Question 5.
Name the place which recorded the highest temperature of 57.7°C in 1922.
Answer:
A1 Azizia in the Sahara desert which is south of Tripoli, Libya recorded the highest temperature of 57.7°C in 1922.

Question 6.
Which are the four passes that Manali – Leh highway crosses?
Answer:
Manali Leh highway crosses four passes, Rohtang la, Baralacha la Lungalacha la and Tanglang la.

Question 7.
What type of desert are Sahara and Ladakh?
Answer:
The type of desert are:

Sahara hot desert
Ladakh cold desert

Question 8.
Which is the most important river that flow through Ladakh?
Answer:
The most important river that flow through Ladakh is Indus.

Question 9.
What do you mean by desert?
Answer:
Desert is an arid region distinguished and marked by extremely high or low temperatures and has scarce vegetation.

Question 1.
Where is Tafilalet Oasis situated and what is the area of this oasis?
Answer:
Tafilalet Oasis is situated in Morocco and is a very large oasis with an area of approximately 13,000 sqkm.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How many countries touches the Sahara desert? Name them all.
Answer:
The Sahara desert touches eleven countries which are Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Sudan, Tunisia and Western Sahara.

Question 2.
Oasis in the Sahara has settled population. Explain briefly.
Answer:
Oasis in the Sahara has settled population because these areas are fertile and people may settle around these water bodies and grow date palms and other crops.

Question 3.
Nomadic tribes of Sahara desert rear livestock. Why do they do?
Answer:
These animals yields milk, hides from which they make leather for belts, slippers, water bottles; hair is also used for mats, carpets, clothes and blankets hence nomadic tribes of Sahara desert rear livestock.

Question 4.
Briefly describe the changes which are undergoing in the cultural environment of the Sahara desert.
Answer:
The following changes which are undergoing in the cultural environment of the Sahara desert are:

In the salt trade, trucks are replacing camels.
Big and huge glass office buildings, towers are shining over mosques. Super highways criss-cross the ancient camel paths.
Tuaregs are working as guides to the foreign tourists.
More and more nomadic herdsman are shifting to the city for finding jobs in gas and oil operations.

Question 5.
Describe in brief the climate of the Sahara desert.
Answer:
The climate of the Sahara desert is unbearably hot and parch dry. It has a very short rainy season and the sky is clear and cloudless. The days are extremely hot and the temperature rises upto 50 degrees. The nights are freezing cold nearing zero degree.

Question 6.
In which way Sahara became a desert?
Answer:
Sahara once used to be a lush green plain. In Sahara desert, cave paintings depicts that there were rivers with . crocodiles. Common animals were found such as elephants, lions, giraffes, ostriches, sheep, cattle and goats. Due to the change in climate, it has changed to a very hot and dry region.

Question 7.
Describe in brief the rich fauna of Ladakh.
Answer:
Ladakh is very rich in fauna. Many bird species and animals are seen. In Ladakh, common birds are tibetian snow cock, robins, raven, redstarts and hoopoe. Few of them are migratory. The animals which are found are wild goats, wild sheep, yak and special kinds of dogs.

Question 8.
Describe in brief the activities of the people of Ladakh in summers and winters.
Answer:
There are many activities the people of Ladakh are engaged in summers and winters. People are busy in cultivation work during summers. They grow crops such as potatoes, pear, turnip, barley and beans. During winter, they engage themselves in different festivities and ceremonies as winters are unbearable and harsh.

Women manage both house and field very efficiently. One of the important occupation is weaving. Pashmina shawls are weaved from the wool of the chiru antelope. Carpets and rugs from the sheep. Many popular products such as butter, milk and hides are obtained from yak.

Question 9.
What is the location of Ladakh?
Answer:
Ladakh is a cold desert which is lying in the Great Himalayas on the eastern side of Jammu and Kashmir. In the north, the Karakoram Range and the Zanskar mountains in the south enclose it. Many rivers flow through Ladakh and Indus being the most important amongst them.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Distinguish between the deserts of Sahara and Ladakh.
Answer:
Sahara

Sahara is a hot desert.
It is located in northern Africa.
The climate is extremely hot and parched dry.
It attracts very less tourists.
They are mainly nomadic tribes. Oasis offers settled population.
Few plants grow such as cactus, date, palm and acacia.

Ladakh

Ladakh is a cold desert.
It is located in northern Himalayas, India
The climate is extremely cold and dry.
It attracts tourists because of its festivities and different ceremonies.
The people are either Muslims or Buddhists.
Fruits trees grow such as apples, apricots. Trees such as poplar, willows, etc. also grows.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication

September 6, 2024September 4, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication

JAC Class 7th Geography Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication InText Questions and Answers

Page 49

Question 1.
Where do you find dwellings made of ice? Who makes them and what are they called?
Answer:
In tundra region, we find dwellings made of ice. Eskimos makes them and they are called as igloos.

Question 2.
List the different modes of transport used by the students of your class while coming to school.
Answer:
The different modes of transport used by the students of the class while coming to school are buses, vans, cars, public transport and bicycles. Also some of them come by foot.

Page 51

Question 3.
Can you name some more ports of the world?
Answer:
Some more ports of the world are Shanghai and Shenzhen in China, Busan in South Korea, Hamburg in Germany, Valencia in Spain, Colon in Panama, etc.

Page 52

Question 4.
Find out the names of some newspapers and TV news channels in English, Hindi and a regional language.
Answer:
The names of some newspapers and TV news channels in English, Hindi and a regional language are Newspapers
English:
The Times of India, The Hindu, The Statesman, The Hindustan Times. Hindi: Navbharat Times, Dainik Jagran, Hindustan

Bangla:
Anandabazar; Gujarati: Divya Bhaskar TV News Channels English: CNN, IBN, Times Now Hindi: Aaj Tak, Zee News, DD News

Bangla: Star Jalsha News

JAC Class 7th Geography Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) What are the four means of transport?
Answer:
The four means of transport are

Roadways
Railways
Waterways
Airways

(ii) What do you understand by the term ‘settlement’?
Answer:
The term ‘settlement’ means a place where people build their homes to live in.

(iii) Which are the activities practised by the rural people?
Answer:
The activities which are practiced by the rural people are farming, fishing, forestry, craftwork, trading, extracting and collecting.

(iv) Mention any two merits of railways.
Answer:
Two merits of railways are:

Carry heavy goods in bulk
Carry people to long distances very quickly and at low cost.

(v) What do you understand by communication ?
Answer:
A process by which we convey our messages to other people is known as communication.

(vi) What is mass media?
Answer: Mass media consists of newspaper, television and radio. Due to mass media we can communicate with number of people through this.

Tick (√) the correct answer.

Question 2.
(i) Which is NOT a means of communication?
(a) Telephone
(b) Books
(c) Table
Answer:
(c) Table

(ii) Which type of road is constructed under the ground?
(a) Fly over
(b) Expressways
(c) Subways
Answer:
(c) Subways

(iii) Which mode of transport is most suitable to reach an island?
(a) Ship
(b) Train
(c) Car
Answer:
(a) Ship

(iv) Which vehicle does not pollute the environment?
(a) Cycle
(b) Bus
(c) Aeroplane
Answer:
(a) Cycle

Question 3.
Match the following.

(i) Internet	(e) areas where people are engaged in manufacturing, trade and services
(ii) Canal route	(d) closely built area of houses
(iii) Urban areas	(c) houses on stilts
(iv) Compact settlement	(d) inland waterway
	(e) a means of communication

Answer:

(i) Internet	(d) a means of communication
(ii) Canal route	(c) inland waterway
(iii) Urban areas	(a) areas where people are engaged in manufacturing, trade and services
(iv) Compact settlement	(b) closely built area ofhouses

Question 4.
Give reasons. Today’s world is shrinking.
Answer:
Information is available at any place or area from any region of the world due to modem technology. With the development and progress of communication and technology, the world has shrinked. Radio, newspaper, television had brought the world closer to each other. World has even come closer due to internet and cellular phones. Hence, we can say that today’s world is shrinking:

(For Fun)

Question 5.
(i) Conduct a survey in your locality and find out how people commute to their respective workplaces using –
(a) more than two modes of transport
(b) more than three modes of transport
(c) stay within walking distance,

(ii) Mention which mode of communication you will prefer most in the following situations –
(a) Your grandfather has suddenly fallen ill. How will you inform the doctor?
(b) Your mother wants to sell the old house. How will she spread this news?
(c) You are going to attend the marriage of your cousin for which you will be absent from the school for the next two days. How will you inform the teacher?
(d) Your friend has moved out with his/her family to New York. How will you keep in touch on a daily basis?
Answer:
(i) (a) auto-rickshaw, metro and on foot
(b) metro, bus, rickshaw and on foot
(c) on foot

(ii) (a) Inform the doctor through telephone or cell phone.
(b) Will spread the news through newspaper and internet.
(c) Will send an application on leave to the teacher.
(d) Will keep in touch through internet or telephone.

JAC Class 7th Geography Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Igloos are made by
(a) Eskimos
(b) Shepherds
(c) Farmers
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Eskimos

Question 2.
In Asia, Indian railways is the . network.
(a) smallest
(b) slowest
(c) largest
(d) fastest
Answer:
(c) largest

Question 3.
The ports in Europe are
(a) Singapore and Mumbai
(b) Rotterdam and London
(c) New York and London
(d) Los Angeles and Rotterdam
Answer:
(b) Rotterdam and London

Question 4.
The inland waterways are
(a) The Nile river in Africa
(b) The Great Lakes in North America
(c) The Ganga- Brahmaputra river system
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 5.
To communicate with large number of people, we use the mode/s of communication.
(a) television
(b) radio
(c) newspaper
(d) all of these
Answer:
(d) all of these

Question 6.
The cheapest mode of transport is/are
(a) Waterways
(b) Roadways
(c) Airways
(d) Railways
Answer:
(a) Waterways

Question 7.
Roads built above the ground are called as
(a) Bridges
(b) Flyovers
(c) Subways
(d) Canals
Answer:
(b) Flyovers

Question 8.
The traditional train engines are nowadays replaced by electric and diesel ones. Those are
(a) air-powered
(b) magnetic
(c) steam
(d) hydro-powered
Answer:
(c) steam

Question 9.
Air traffic is mainly affected by
(a) floods
(b) fog and storms
(c) drought
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) fog and storms

Question 10.
The type of houses which are less likely to find in cities are
(a) huts
(b) bunglows
(c) slums
(d) flats
Answer:
(a) huts

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by the term ‘site’?
Answer:
Site is the place where a building or a settlement develops.

Question 2.
Name the cities which are connected by the Golden Quadrilateral.
Answer:
Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata are connected by the Golden Quadrilateral.

Question 3.
How human settlements became larger and larger?
Answer:
Human settlements became larger andlarger with the development of trade, commerce and manufacturing.

Question 4.
In places of hot climate, which types of house are commonly found?
Answer:
In areas of hot climate, thick mud walled houses with thatched roofs are commonly found.

Question 5.
What type of transport is used for short distance?
Answer:
The means of transport used for short distances are roads.

Question 6.
Define Transhumance.
Answer:
A seasonal movement of people is known as transhumance. According to changes in seasons, people who rear animals move in search of new pastures.

Question 7.
What do you mean by wet point settlement?
Answer:
Wet point settlement is the settlement growing around water areas.

Question 8.
What are the three ways of inland waterways?
Answer:
The three ways of inland waterways are river, lake and canals.

Question 9.
What are the modern means of communication?
Answer:
The modem means of communication are email, cellular phones, fax, computers.

Question 10.
When and where the first rail route came into started in India?
Answer:
In 1853, the first rail route came into started between Mumbai and Thane.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Differentiate between compact and scattered settlement.
Answer:

Compact Settlement	Scattered Settlement
• A closely built area of dwelling where flat land is available is known as compact settlement.	• The area where houses are spread over an extensive area is known as scattered settlement.
• This type of settlement is found near river valleys and fertile plain.	• This type of . settlement is found in hilly regions, thick … forests and in extreme climatic conditions.

Question 2.
What are the natural conditions for selection of a site?
Answer:
The natural conditions for selection of a site are as follows:

Convenient climate
Fertile soil
Fertile and suitable land
Good availability of water

Question 3.
Mention the merits of airways.
Answer:
The merits of airways are as follows:

It is the only means of transport to reach the most distant and remote
areas where no roads or railways can reach.
Helicopters are also very useful in most accessible places and in time of disasters and tragedies such as to rescue people, distribution of medicines, food, useful things.

Question 4.
Why it become necessary to build a permanent house?
Answer:
Human beings in early days lived on trees and in caves. When they started to grow crops it became very necessary to have a permanent house.

Question 5.
What changes made transport easier and uncomplicated?
Answer:
Transport was made easier by invention of the wheel. With the transit of time various mode of transport developed but even today people use animals for transport. Airplanes have made travel faster. New and modem means of transport hence saves time and energy.

Question 6.
Differentiate between Communication and Transport.
Answer:

• It conveys the messages and news from one place to another such as telephone service; postal service.	• It transfers goods and helps for transportation of human beings and other living beings from one place to another such as roadways, railways.
• Modes of communication are television, radio, cellular phone.	• Modes of transport are airplanes, ships, train, bus, cars, etc.
• In early days, bullock carts, donkeys, camels L were used.	• In early days, modes of transport was used as communication.

Question 7:
Differentiate between State Highways and National Highways.
Answer:

State Highways	National Highways
• The state capitals which are joined with big cities within a state are known as state highways.	• The state capitals which are joined with other state capitals are known as national highways.
• They are limited within the states.	• They cross many states within the country.
• Total length of the state highways in India is about 3,81,000 km.	• Total length of the national highways in India is about 1,15,435 km.

Question 8.
Satellites had proved themselves very useful for the mankind. How?
Answer:
Satellites had proved themselves very useful for the mankind as they have helped in detecting mineral wealth, underground water, weather forecast, oil exploration, forest survey.

Question 9.
Which is the longest railway system in the world?
Answer:
The Trans-Siberian Railway is the longest railway system which connects St. Petersburg in Western Russia to Vladivostok on the Pacific coast.

Question 10.
In which places, the railway network are well developed?
Answer:
The railway network are well developed in the plain and flat places.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the two types of waterways? Explain.
Answer:
Waterways are the cheapest means of transport for carrying heavy and especially where there are no roads and railways. Helicopters are useful in most inaccessible areas and in times of disasters and tragedies.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works

September 5, 2024September 4, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works

JAC Class 7th Civics How the State Government Works InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is happening in Patalpuram?
Answer:
Patalpuram is facing a problem of severe water crisis. People are drinking unclean water as they have no other choice. Hence, they are becoming ill and having diarrhoea. Children are the most affected in this situation.

Question 2.
Why is this problem serious?
Answer:
This problem is serious because a large number of people are facing the problem of serious and acute diarrhoea and many people died from this disease as well. Thus, it is important to take necessary steps to bring the situation under control immediately.

Question 3.
What action do you think can be taken in the above situation and who do you think should take this action? Discuss.
Answer:
Clean drinking water should be supplied to the people of Patalpuram. The MLA and the government should be responsible enough to take this action.

Page 32

Question 4.
Discuss the following terms with your teacher public meeting, States in India, constituency, majority, ruling party and opposition.
Answer:
Public meeting :
Public meetings are the assembly of general people in which they are made to know about the current problems faced by the people in general. States

In India:
India is divided into many units and parts with well defined boundaries. These parts or units are known as States in India.

Constituency :
Constituency is the area from where the eligible voters can cast their vote to elect their representative or leader.

Majority :
A political party whose MLAs have won more than half the number seats or constituencies in a state is said to be in majority.

Ruling party:
The party which has the majority is often known as the ruling party.

Opposition:
The elected representatives who are not from the ruling party are known as the opposition. The people can question the government’s decisions and actions. They can also raise new and concerned issues for the benefit of the people.

Question 5.
Can you explain the following terms majority, ruling party, opposition with reference to your state?
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own with ine ‘ne’ip oi teacher.

Page 33

Question 6.
Construct a table, similar to the one given for Himachal Pradesh, for your state.
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own with the help of teacher.

Question 7.
At times, the ruling party may not be a single party but a group of parties working together. This is called a coalition. Discuss with your teacher.
Answer:
The coalition is formed when two or more parties come together and elect their leader. The state Governor appoints their leader as the Chief Minister. The coalition parties prepare the Common Minimum Programme and present it during the period for which the coalition is formed.

Page 35

Question 8.
Can you identify the MLAs of the ruling party and the opposition in the illustration? Colour the ruling party in one colour and the opposition in another.
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own.

Page 1

Question 9.
What were the main arguments put forward by different MLAs who thought that th§ government was not taking the situation in a serious manner?
Answer:
MLA1:
He belongs to the Akhandagaon constituency. In last three weeks, several people died due to diarrhoea. He is very sad and upset that the government has not been able to check the situation although they proclaim that they are doing it.

MLA2:
He wants to know why the government hospitals are in bad conditions. We a’iso as’ks tiie government that how it plans to deal with this situation which is badly affecting the common people.

MLA3:
The Tolpatti constituency which he represents is facing shortage of water. Women had to fetch water from far away. He wants to know from the government that what actions are taken to clean and disinfect the wells and ponds.

Question 10.
If you were the health minister, how would you respond to the above discussion?
Answer:
If I were the health minister, I would promptly respond to the above discussion. I would have put mobile vans with equipments with doctors, nurses and health Workers into service for the ill people.

Question 11:
Do you think the above debate would have been useful in some ways? How? Discuss.
Answer:
Yes, the above debate would have been useful. It has highlighted many issues concerning about the public health and their solutions are sorted out in the minimum time.

Question 12.
In the working of the government, explain the difference between being an MLA and an MLA who is also a minister.
Answer:
An MLA is only responsible for the development of his constituency whereas, an MLA who is a minister
also has to do dual responsibilities. He is accountable for the entire state as well for his constituency also.

Page 37

Question 13.
Write two measures that the government undertook for controlling diarrhoea. The two measures that the government undertook for controlling diarrhoea are:

To every village, there should be supply of water through tanker trucks.
Creating awareness through different campaigns in order to inform people about the measures to prevent diarrhoea.

Question 4.
What is the purpose of a press conference? How does the press conference help you get information on what the government is doing?
Answer:
The purpose of the press conference is to ask questions on a particular issues about the steps taken and hear about the same. The data collected by press conference is printed in newspaper and magazines for the common people. Such conference also create a public opinion about the issue.

Page 1

Question 15.
Find out with the help of your teacher, the work done by the government departments mentioned and fill in the table.
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own

Page 40

Question 16.
Do a similar wallpaper project about any issue connected with the working of your State Government like an education programme, any law and order issue, midday meal scheme, etc.
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own.

JAC Class 7th Civics How the State Government Works Textbook Questions and Answers

Page 41

Question 1.
Use the terms ‘constituency’ and ‘represent’ to explain who an MLA is and how is the person elected?
Answer:
A state is divided into many regions known as constituencies on the basis of the population. For the Legislative Assembly, one representative is elected from every constituency and that person represents that constituency. That person is known as the Member of Legislative Assembly or MLA. Through general election, an MLA is elected. That person can be an independent or a member of a particular political party. The person who gets the maximum votes or wins the election becomes the MLA of that constituency.

Question 2.
How did some MLAs become Ministers? Explain.
Answer:
Some MLAs become Ministers as:

The party which is elected in majority or wins the election for the Legislative Assembly forms the government.
According to the constitutional norms, the ruling party elects its leader who is known as the Chief Minister, who heads the government.
The Chief Minister constitutes a cabinet which includes members of his party as ministers.
The MLAs who become the ministers are allotted with a portfolio or department of work.
Hence, the MLAs turned ministers become responsible for the entire state of that particular department.

Question 3.
Why should decisions taken by the Chief Minister and other ministers be debated in the Legislative Assembly?
Answer:
The decisions taken by the Chief Minister and other ministers are debated in the Legislative Assembly because at the time of debate it is discussed that whether the steps or decisions taken are in the interest of the common people or not. It is also discussed that whether it is urgent and important or not. Depending upon this they discuss how much would the cost incur of the government. They also see that anything objectionable is there for any particular community or not.

Question 4.
What was the problem in Patalpuram? What discussion/ action was taken by the following? Fill in the table. Public Metting Legislative Assembly Press conference Chief Minister.
Answer:
Patalpuram was facing shortage of water.

Public’ Meeting	Reprimanded and showed complete disapproval to the government and also showed protest, their demand were kept in front of the government.
Legislative Auembli	Discussed the problems and issues and decided the actions and steps which are to be taken.
Press Conference	The plan of action which was initiated by the government was presented by the Health Minister.
Chief Minister	Announced the compensation to the affected family, also visited the village of Patalpuram. Clearly mentioned the future actions and steps to be taken to solve the problem.

Question 5.
What is the difference between the work that MLAs do in the Assembly and the work done by government departments?
Answer:
The difference between the work that MLAs do in the Assembly and the work done by government departments are that eveiy department is headed by the Minister who is also an MLA. Any work done or proposed by the department is approved by the minister. For the completion of work, the department is responsible whereas, the minister or MLA coordinate and synchronize between the Assembly and the departments.

JAC Class 7thCivics How the State Government Works Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The multi-level system of government is called
(a) Unitary
(b) Federal
(c) Dictatorship
(d) Monarchy
Answer:
(b) Federal

Question 2.
The MLAs represent
(a) people
(b) technology
(c) themselves
(d) only the poor and the old
Answer:
(a) people

Question 3.
The state in India which has the highest number of constituencies is
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Kerala
(d) Maharashtra
Answer:
(a) Uttar Pradesh

Question 4.
The party or the coalition of parties that wins the election with more than half of the total number of constituencies in a state is called to be in a
(a) minority
(b) profit
(c) majority
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) majority

Question 5.
All the parties that failed to get the majority in the election are together are said to the
(a) majority
(b) opposition
(c) minority
(d) loss
Answer:
(b) opposition

Question 6.
The leader of the ruling party who is the head of the state as well of the country is known as
(a) Prime Minister
(b) MP
(c) MLA
(d) Chief Minister
Answer:
(d) Chief Minister

Question 7.
Legislative Assembly is also known as
(a) Vidhan Sabha
(b) Vidhan Parishad
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Lok Sabha
Answer:
(a) Vidhan Sabha

Question 8.
The Chief Minister is appointed by the
(a) President
(b) Prime Minister
(c) Governor of the state
(d) Any of the above
Answer:
(c) Governor of the state

Question 9.
The Governor of the state is appointed by the
(a) Prime Minister
(b) Supreme Court Judges
(c) High Court Judges
(d) President
Answer:
(d) President

Question 10.
The gives information to the people which acts as a link between the government and the people.
(a) Press conference
(b) Debates
(c) Mass media
(d) Mass distribution
Answer:
(c) Mass media

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which institution makes laws at the central or national level?
Answer:
The Parliament makes laws at the central or national level.

Question 2.
What is the urban local government known as?
Answer:
The urban local government is known as the Municipal Corporation.

Question 3.
Who gives the approval to the ministers to take certain decisions for the common people?
Answer:
Legislative Assembly gives the approval to the ministers to take certain decisions for the common people.

Question 4.
Does the Member of the Legislative Assembly elected by the people?
Answer:
Yes, the Member of the Legislative Assembly are elected by the people.

Question 5.
How many levels of government are there? Name them.
Answer:
There are three levels of Government present. The three levels are local, state and national.

Question 6.
For what reason the governor of state is appointed?
Answer:
Governor of state is appointed to make sure that the State Government works

Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP)
Indian National Congress (INC)

Question 7.
What is wallpaper project?
Answer:
Wallpaper project is an interesting activity through which research can be done on particular topics of interest.

Question 8.
What do you understand by the Election Commission?
Answer:
Election Commission is an independent association or body in which the whole process of the election in our country is conducted, controlled and supervised.

Question 9.
What are the two main functions of Election Commission?
Answer:
The two main functions of Election Commission are :

to recognize all the political parties.
to allot symbols to the political parties and to independent candidates who are also contesting the election.

Question 10.
Name the two houses of state legislature in India.
Answer:
The two houses of state legislature in India are:
Legislative Assembly or Vidhan Sabha Legislative Council or Vidhan Parishad

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define political party. Name at least two national political parties in India.
Answer:
A political organisation that follows a particular ideology and seeks to attain the political power of the state as well as of the nation is known as the political party. Two national political parties in India are

Question 2.
List four features of electoral system of India.
Answer:
Four features of electoral system of India are:

Single member constituency
Joint electorate
Adult franchise
Election petition within the rules and regulations of the Constitution.

Question 3.
What do you understand by constituency?
Answer:
Constituency is a particular area or place from which all the voters living there choose their representatives. This could be such as a panchayat ward or an area that chooses an MLA.

Question 4.
How does a government function in a state?
Answer:
The people elect their representatives as Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) in the democracy, thus, it is the people who have the main authority. The ruling party members who wins the election then form the government and some members are appointed as ministers. These ministers are in charge of various departments of the government such as health, transport, etc. Whatever work is done by these departments has to be approved by the members of the legislative assembly.

Question 5.
In India, what are the qualifications and the disqualifications of a voter?
Answer:
In India, the qualifications and the disqualifications of a voter are:
Question ualification: according to the law, a voter must

be a citizen
have attained the age of 18 years and above.

Disqualification: according to the law, a voter must not

be bankrupt, traitor to the country
be insane person
been convicted for any serious crime.

Question 6.
In what ways do the people in power like the chief minister and the minister take action?
Answer:
The people in power like the chief minister and the minister take action through various departments like the Public Works Department, the Agriculture Department, the Health Department, the Education Department and so on. They also have to answer questions that are asked in the Legislative Assembly and convince people asking the questions that proper steps are being taken. At the same time, newspapers and the media widely discuss the issue and the government has to respond, for example, by holding the press conferences.

Question 7.
What do you understand by debate?
Answer:
A discussion held in the Assembly to discuss current and important problems is known as the debate. During debate, the MLAs can express their views and ask questions related to the problems and issues. They could even give suggestions about what should be done by the government for the betterment of the people. The ministers then replies to the questions asked and give assurance to the Assembly that proper steps are being taken.

Question 8.
Distinguish between By-election and Mid-term election.
Answer:

By-eieetion	Mid- term eieetion
Before the completion of the tenure of the house, if the member of the parliament, state legislative assembly dies or resigns from his constituency then the election which takes place again is known as the byelection.	Before the completion of the tenure of 5 years, sometimes the president dissolves the government of the state on the advice of the Prime minister. Then the fresh elections are held. This type of election is known as the mid-term election.

Question 9.
What were the ways by which the people of Patalpuram adopt to put their grievances?
Answer:
The people of Patalpuram organised a rally and gheraos of the MLAs residence. Their leader who was the member of the opposition party demanded loudly that the action and steps should be taken immediately and to bring the public health situation under control.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the process of emergence and development of government in a state.
Answer:
In India, every state has a Legislative Assembly. Each state is divided into different areas or constituencies. From each constituency, the people elect one representative who then becomes a Member of the Legislative Assembly or better known as MLA. People stand for elections in the name of different political parties. These MLAs belong to different political parties. Apolitical party whose MLAs have won more than half the number of constituencies in a state are said to be in a majority. The political party that has the majority forms the government.

In case no party gains the majority then in that case the party with maximum elected members tries to get support from different parties or candidates. The party that proves to have maximum supporters is allowed to form the government which is also known as the coalition government. If no party proves the majority then there would be reelection.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 9 Struggles for Equality

September 5, 2024September 4, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 9 Struggles for Equality

JAC Class 7th Civics Struggles for Equality InText Questions and Answers

Page 103

Question 1.
What do you think is meant by the expression ‘power oyer the ballot box’? Discuss.
Answer:
The expression ‘power over the ballot box’ means the power and right to vote. Every adult citizen of India has the equal right to vote during elections. To elect or replace their representatives, this right has been used by people.

Page 104

Question 2.
Can you think of one person in your family, community, village, town or city whom you respect because of their fight for equality and justice?
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own with the help of parents.

Page 106

Question 3.
What issue is the Tawa Matsya Sangh (TMS) fighting for?
Answer:
The Tawa Matsya Sangh (TMS) fighting for the issue of equality.

Question 4.
Why did the villagers set up this organisation?
Answer:
The villagers set up this organisation to protect their rights.

Question 5.
Do you think that the large-scale participation of villagers has contributed to the success of the TMS? Write two lines on why you think so.
Answer:
Yes, I think that the large-scale participation of villagers has contributed to the success of the TMS because when people are united then they get strength and finally success. Also, people stand together to fight for an issue and no one can come on their way.

Page 107

Question 6.
Can you think of an incident in your life in which one person or a group of people came together to change an unequal situation?
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own.

Page 108

Question 7.
Refer to the song below and answer the following questions:
The Right To Know
My dreams have the right to know
Why for centuries they have been breaking
Why don’t they ever come true My hands have the right to know
Why do they remain without work all along ‘
Why do they have nothing to do
My feet have the right to know Why from village to village they walk on their own
Why are there no signs of a bus yet My hunger has the right to know Why grain rots in godowns While I don’t even get a fistful of rice My old mother has the right to know Why are there no medicines Needles, dispensaries or bandages My children have the right to know Why do they labour day and night Why is there no school in sight

What is your favourite line in the above song?
What does the poet mean when he says, “My hunger has the right to know”?

Answer:
(i) Favourite line in the above song is ‘my children have the right to know’.

(ii) The poet means what he says, “ My hunger has the right to know” means that a sufferer must have a right to know the cause and reason of his suffering and pain in which he is living. He must know that who is responsible for this situation.

Question 8.
Can you share with your class a local song or a poem on dignity that is from your area?
Answer:
Students need to do it on there own.

Page 109

Question 9.
What role does the Constitution play in people’s struggles for equality?
Answer:
The Constitution plays an important role in people’s struggles for equality. Our Constitution recognises the equality for all people. Movements and struggles for equality continuously refer to the Indian Constitution to make their point about equality and justice for everyone. For example, the fishworkers intheTawa Matsya Sangh hope that the provisions of the Constitution will come into existence through their participation in this movement By constantly referring to the Constitution they use it as a ‘living document’, i.e., something that has real meaning in our lives.

Question 10.
Can you make up a social advertisement on equality? You can do this in small groups.
Answer:
Students need to do it in the class.

JAC Class 7thCivics Struggles for Equality Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Tehri Dam is in
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Uttarakhand
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Himachal Pradesh
Answer:
(b) Uttarakhand

Question 2.
Full form of TMS is
(a) Tawa Matsya Sangh
(b) Tawa Matsya Samiti
(c) Tawa Maan Sangh
(d) Tawa Maan Samiti
Answer:
(a) Tawa Matsya Sangh

Question 3.
Tawa dam began to built in ….. and completed in
(a) 1958,1968
(b) 1968,1978
(c) 1958,1978
(d) 1978,1988
Answer:
(c) 1958,1978

Question 4.
Tawa Matsya Sangh was organised in
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Arunachal Pradesh
Answer:
(c) Madhya Pradesh

Question 5.
The government gave the rights for fishing in the Tawa reservoir to private contractors in
(a) 1992
(b) 1996
(c) 1994
(d) 1998
Answer:
(c) 1994

Question 6.
Similarity among Kanta, Swapna, Melani is
(a) They were all politicians
(b) They were all people of dignity
(c) They have been treated equally always
(d) They have been treated unequally
Answer:
(d) They have been treated unequally

Question 7.
A social movement consisting of adivasis, farmers, environmentalists, and human rights activists against a number of large dams being built across the Narmada river is called as
(a) Nadi Bachao Andolan
(b) Narmada Bachao Andolan
(c) Tawa Bachao Andolan
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Narmada Bachao Andolan

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What was the demand and stipulation of Tawa Matsya Sangh?
Answer:
Tawa Matsya Sangh were demanding their right to continue fishing for their livelihood.

Question 2.
Why so many people’s lives in India are highly unequal?
Answer:
People’s lives in India are highly unequal because of the poverty and the lack of resources continue to be a major reason.

Question 3.
In what way the contractor hehave with the local people?
Answer:
The contractors got cheap labour from outside the village and drove the local people away. They also threaten the villagers.

Question 4.
Why in India people are treated unequally?
Answer:
People are treated unequally because of the person’s religion, caste and sex.

Question 5.
In what way Indian Constitution justify rights to equality?
Answer:
The Indian Constitution recognises all Indians as equal before the law and states that no person can be discriminated against because of their religion, sex, caste or whether they are rich or poor.

Question 6.
Why the old Tehri town and manyvillages totally and some partially were submerged?
Answer:
The old Tehri town and many villages some totally and some partially were submerged because of the construction of Tawa dam across the river.

Question 7.
In which way writers, singers, dancers and artists have also been very active in the fight against inequality?
Answer:
The writers, singers, dancers and artists have also been very active in the fight against inequality with their poems, songs and stories which inspire us and make us believe strongly in an issue and influence our efforts to correct the situation.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What was the outcome when the Madhya Pradesh government in 1994 gave the rights for fishing in the Tawa reservoir to private contractors?
Answer:
When the Madhya Pradesh government in 1994 gave the rights for fishing in the Tawa reservoir to private contractors, they began to threat the villagers and started suppressing them. They drove them away from there and brought cheap labour from outside. The villagers could not tolerate these monsterity and wrong doing of the contractors for the long period. They stood united and set up an organisation named as Tawa Matsya Sangh to protect their rights.

Question 2.
When the Tawa dam began to build, what happened?
Answer:
When the Tawa dam began to build then

It submerged large areas of agricultural land and forests.
The forest dwellers lost everything, they had nothing.
Some of the displaced people settled around the reservoir. They started to work on there meagre farms and apart from it they found livelihood in fishing.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which way, Tawa Matsya Sanghhelped the fishworkers?
Answer:
Tawa Matsya Sangh helped the fishworkers in various ways:

The Tawa Matsya Sangh has set up a cooperative which buys the catch at a fair price from the fishworkers.
The cooperative then make ceratin arrangements for transportation and sells the catch in markets to get them a good price. This arrangement enhanced the earning of the fishworkers.
The Tawa Matsya Sangh also started to give the fishworkers loans for repair and buying new nets.

Question 2.
Indian Constitution is called the living document. Why?
Answer:
Indian Constitution is called the living document because of the following:

Indian Constitution recognises the equality of all persons.
Indian Constitution has a true meaning in everyone’s lives.
Movements and struggles for equality in India continuously refer to Indian Constitution to make their point about equality and justice to everyone.
The starting point and base of all movements for justice and the inspiration and for all the poetry, song, stories is the recognition of equality among people.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 8 A Shirt in the Market

September 5, 2024September 4, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 8 A Shirt in the Market

JAC Class 7th Civics A Shirt in the Market InText Questions and Answers

Page 93

Question 1.
Did Swapna get a fair price on the cotton?
Answer:
No, Swapna didn’t get a fair price on the cotton. She was paid a very low price by the local trader.

Question 2.
Why did the trader pay Swapna a low price?
Answer:
The trader paid Swapna a low price because he lent money to Swapna at the beginning of the cropping season on a particular condition that she will sell her cottons to him only. The local trader took the advantage of this position and paid her low price.

Question 3.
Where do you think large farmers would sell their cotton? How is their situation different from Swapna?
Answer:
Large farmers would sell their cotton in the market. Their situation is very much different from Swapna as she had a constraint to sell her cotton to the local trader but those farmers can sell their cotton anywhere they want.

Page 95

Question 4.
What are the following people doing at the Erode cloth market—merchants, weavers, exporters?
Answer:
The following people are doing at the Erode cloth markeL

Merchants:
They purchase the yam and give directions to the weavers about what kind of cloth has to be made. They supply cloth on order to garment manufacturers and exporters around the country.

Weavers:
The make cloth and bring this to the Erode cloth market for sale. They also make cloth on orders which they get from merchants

Exporters:
They use the cloth to make shirts to export them to the foreign buyers.

Question 5.
In what ways are weavers dependent on cloth merchants?
Answer:
Forraw materials and markets, the weavers are dependent on cloth merchants.

Page 96

Question 6.
If the weavers were to buy yarn on their own and sell cloth, they would probably earn three times more. Do you think this is possible? How? Discuss.
Answer:
Yes, this is possible. If the weavers were to buy yam on their own and sell cloth, they would probably earn three times’ more. They would buy yam at the lowest price and sell it at the highest possible price. Of their own choice, they would select the market for better price.

Question 7.
Do you find similar ‘putting-out’ arrangements in making papads, masalas, beedis ?
Answer:
Find out about this in your area and discuss in class.
Students need to do it by their own.

Question 8.
You might have heard of cooperatives in your area. It could be in milk, provisions, paddy, etc. Find out for whose benefit they were set up?
Answer:
They were set up for the benefit for those who were in want of capital.

Question 9.
What are the demands foreign buyers make on the garment exporters? Why do the garment exporters agree to these demands?
Answer:

The demands foreign buyers make on the garment exporters are:
Lowest prices from the garment exporters.
High standards for quality product. Timely delivery.
The garment exporters agree to these demands because they are likely to have maximum profit even after that.

Question 10.
HowHow do the garment exporters meet the conditions set by the foreign buyers?
Answer:
The garment exporters meet the conditions set by the foreign buyers by getting the most of the work done by the weavers at the minimum wage.

Page 98

Question 11.
Why do you think more women are employed in the Impex garment factory? Discuss.
Answer:
More women are employed in the Impex garment factory because they are ready to work even at the lowest possible wage.

Question 12.
Write a letter to the Minister asking for what you think would be proper payment to the workers.
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own.

Question 13.
The shirt below shows the profit made by the businessperson, and the various costs that he had to pay. Find out from the diagram below, what the cost price includes.

Answer:
Students need to do it on their own.

Page 99

Question 14.
Compare the earnings per shirt of the worker in the garment factory, the garment exporter and the businessperson in the market abroad. What do you find?
Answer:
The business person in foreign makes profit of? 600 and the garment exporter makes a profit of ? 100 on one shirt. As far as the workers are concerned they get only ? 15 for one shirt.

Question 15.
What are the reasons that the businessperson is able to make a huge profit in the market?
Answer:
The reasons that the businessperson is able to make a huge profit in the market are: He knows the method as how to get the work done at the lowest possible rate from the garment exporter.He is able to sell shirts in large quantity. He sells his shirt to the high income group.

Question 16.
You have read the chapter on advertising. Why does the businessperson spend ? 300 per shirt on advertising? Discuss.
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own.

JAC Class 7th Civics A Shirt in the Market Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What made Swapna sell the cotton to the trader instead of selling at the Kurnool cotton market?
Answer:
Swapna sold the cotton to the trader instead of selling at the Kumool cotton market because she had taken a loan from the local trader at the beginning of the cropping season. The local trader lent the money in one condition that she will sell the cotton to him only. Swapna had no other option but to agree on the trader’s terms and condition.

Question 2.
Describe the conditions of employment as well as the wages of workers in the garment exporting factory. Do you think the workers get a fair deal?
Answer:
The conditions of employment, as well as the wages of workers in the garment exporting factory, are very pitiful. They work in an unhygienic conditions. They work for long hours everyday around 10 to 12 hours a day. They are the temporary workers and doesn’t have job security. I don’t think the workers get a fair deal. They are exploited at every steps of the work.

Question 3.
Think of something common that we use. It could be sugar, tea, milk, pen, paper, pencil, etc. Discuss through what chain of markets this reaches you. Can you think of the people that help in the production or trade?
Answer:
We can take the example of sugar. Producers are the farmers who grows sugarcane. After the harvest is ready, they sell it to the traders who have the sugar mills. They produce sugar with the help of other workers. The sugar is then sold the wholesale trader in bulk. The retailers buy the sugar from the wholesale trader. Finally, the consumer gets the sugar from the retailer when required. Thus, a chain of market is created:

Producer → local trader → wholesaler retailers → consumers. The people who help in the production of sugar are producers/ farmers, traders/ sugar-mill owners, workers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers finally.

Question 4.
Arrange the statements given alongside in the correct order and then fill in the numbers in the cotton bolls accordingly. The first two have already been done for you.

Swapna sells the cotton to the trader.
Customers buy these shirts in a supermarket.
Trader sells cotton to the Ginning Mill.
Garment exporters buy the cloth from merchants for making shirts.
Yarn dealers or merchants give the yam to the weavers.
The exporter sells shirts to the businessperson from the USA.
Spinning mill buys the cotton and sells yam to the yam dealers.
Weavers return with the cloth.
Ginning mill cleans the cotton and makes it into bales.

Answer:
The statements in correct order are:

JAC Class 7thCivics A Shirt in the Market Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Swapna sold her cotton to local trader at
(a) low rate
(b) high rate
(c) moderate rate
(d) fair rate
Answer:
(a) low rate

Question 2.
Cotton cultivation requires
(a) fertilisers
(b) pesticides
(c) seeds
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 3.
The price of things and items can be
(a) flexible
(b) fixed
(c) Either (a) or (b)
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(c) Either (a) or (b)

Question 4.
A person who sells item in foreign countries are known as
(a) Retailer
(b) Importer
(c) Exporter
(d) Manufacturer
Answer:
(c) Exporter

Question 5.
Erode is famous for
(a) spice market
(b) cloth market
(c) woollen market
(d) jewellery market
Answer:
(b) cloth market

Question 6.
The work of the women workers at the Impex garment factory is/ was
(a) ironing and packaging
(b) buttoning
(c) thread cutting
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 7.
Weaver’s cooperatives are helpful in providing
(a) raw materials to the weavers
(b) loans to the weavers
(c) midday meals to the weavers
(d) taking care of their kids
Answer:
(a) raw materials to the weavers

Question 8.
An arrangement between weavers and merchants is known as
(a) going out system
(b) putting-out system
(c) incoming System
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) putting-out system

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by trade?
Answer:
Trade is the sale, transfer or exchange of goods and services for a fixed price.

Question 2.
In which state Erode is located?
Answer:
Erode is located in Tamil Nadu.

Question 3.
Which people earn the minimum wage in Erode?
Answer:
The weaves earns the minimum wage in Erode.

Question 4.
Who was Swapna?
Answer:
Swapna was a small farmer in Kumool which is in Andhra Pradesh and grows cotton on her small piece of land.

Question 5.
Why did Swapna borrow money from the local trader?
Answer:
Swapna had borrowed money from thetrader to buy seeds, fertilisers, pesticides for cultivation of cotton.

Question 6.
What was the condition that the trader agree to give loan to Swapna?
Answer:
The trader agreed to give loan to Swapna on a condition that she would sell all her cotton to him.

Question 7.
Garment exporting factories maximise their own profit. How?
Answer:
Garment exporting factories maximise their own profits by getting maximum work from workers at lowest price and supply the foreign buyers at cheap rates.

Question 8.
What is the reason that more women are employed in the Impex garment factory?
Answer:
The reason that more women are employed in the Impex garment factory as they agree to work even at the lowest possible wages.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by putting-out system?
Answer:
Putting-out system is an arrangement between the merchant and the weavers whereby the merchant supplies the raw material and receives the finished product. It is prevalent in the weaving industry in most regions of India

Question 2.
Explain how merchants hold lot of power.
Answer:
The merchant distributes work among the weavers based on the orders he has received for cloth. The weavers get the yam from the merchant and supply him the cloth. However, this dependence on the merchants both for raw materials and markets means that the merchants have a lot of power.

Question 3.
What do you mean by the following terms: Ginning mill, Exporter and Profit.
Answer:
Ginning mill: Ginning mill is a factory where seeds are removed from cotton bolls. Then the cotton is pressed into bales to be sent for spinning into thread.

Exporter:
Exporter is a person who sells goods in foreign countries.

Profit:
Profit is the amount that is left or gained from earnings after deducting all the expenses and costs. If the costs are more than the earnings, it would lead to a loss.

Question 4.
In what ways small farmers are dependent on local traders?
Answer:
The local trader is a powerful man in the village and small farmers have to depend on him not only for loans for cultivation but also to meet other urgent needs such as illnesses, children’s school fees. Also, there are times in the year when there is no work and no income for the farmers so borrowing money is the only means of survival. In this way small farmers are dependent on local traders.

Question 5.
List the advantages of the putting-out system to the weavers.
Answer:

The advantages of the putting-out system to the weavers:
The weavers do not have to spend the money for the purchase of the yam.
The selling of finished cloth is also taken care of by the traders.
From the outset, weavers know what cloth to be made and how much quantity to be woven.

Question 6.
How do weaver’s cooperatives minimise the dependence of weavers on the cloth merchants?
Answer:
In a weaver’s cooperative, the weavers form a group and take up certain activities collectively. As we know in a cooperative, people with common interests come together and work for their mutual benefit. In the weaver’s cooperative, they procure yam from the yam dealer and distribute it among the weavers. The cooperative also does the marketing. Hence, the role of the cloth merchant is reduced and weavers get a fair price on the cloth.

Question 7.
List the disadvantages of the putting- out system for the weavers.
Answer:
The disadvantages of the putting-out system for the weavers are:

For raw materials and markets, the weavers have to depend on the merchants.
The merchants have a lot of power under this arrangement. They give orders for what is to be made and pay a very low price for making the cloth.
The weavers have no way of knowing for whom they are making the cloth or at what price it will be sold.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How does the market work in favour of the rich and powerful merchants? What are the ways to overcome them?
Answer:
The market work in favour of the rich and powerful merchants in . different ways. It is usually the rich and the powerful merchants that get the maximum profit from the market. These are the people who have money and own the factories, the large shops, large land holdings, etc.

The poor people have to depend on the rich and the powerful for various things. They have to depend for loans, for raw materials and marketing of their goods and mostly for employment. Due to this dependency, the poor are exploited in the market. There are ways to overcome these such as forming cooperatives of producers and ensuring that laws are followed strictly.

Question 2.
Discuss briefly about the cloth market of Erode.
Answer:
Erode’s bi-weekly cloth market is in Tamil Nadu. It is one of the largest cloth markets in the world. A huge variety of cloth is sold in this market. People come from far and nearby places. Cloth that is made by weavers in the villages is also brought here for sale. Cloth merchants have the offices around the market who buy this cloth. Other traders from many south Indian towns also come and purchase cloth in this market.

On the market days, weavers brings the cloth that has been made on order from the merchant. These merchants supply cloth on order to garment manufacturers and exporters around the country. The cloth merchants purchase the yam and give instructions to the weavers about the kind of cloth that is to be made.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health

September 5, 2024September 4, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health

JAC Class 7th CivicsRole of the Government in Health InText Questions and Answers

Page 19

Question 1.
Would you associate all or some of these pictures with ‘health’ ? In what ways? Discuss in groups.
Answer:
Students need to do it by themselves.

Question 2.
Pick two situations from the collage that are not related to illness and write two sentences on how they are related to health.
Students need to do it by themselves.

Question 3.
Can you provide a title to these columns?
Answer:
The titles can be:

Advancement in Health Care
Health situation in India

Question 4.
In India, it is often said that we are unable to provide health services for all because the government does not have enough money and facilities. After reading the above left hand column, do you think this is true? Discuss.
Answer:
No, it is not true because after reading the left hand side column, we came to know the following things:

Healthcare have grown significantly over the years.
India has the largest number of medical colleges in the world.
India is among the largest numbers of doctors.
India is the fourth largest producers of the medicines in the world.
India gets large number of medical tourists for many countries.

Page 21

Question 5.
Read the story given refer NCERT page-21. Then imagine that you are a Judge in the court. What would you say to Hakim Sheik?
Answer:
Being a Judge, I would try to give a fair judgment. He would be granted his due compensation and the doctors and the hospitals who denied to admit him and do the treatment would be given punishments.

Page 21

The story of Hakim Seikh Hakim Seikh was a member of the Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity (PBKMS), an organisation of agricultural labourers in West Bengal. One evening in 1992, he accidentally fell off a running train and suffered head injuries. He was in a very serious condition and needed immediate treatment. He was taken to a government hospital in Kolkata but they refused to admit him because they did not have a spare bed.Another hospital did not have the facility or the specialised doctors necessary for his treatment. I

n this way he spent 14 hours in a critical state and was taken to eight different government hospitals, but none of them admitted him. Finally, he was admitted in a private hospital, where he received treatment. He spent a lot of money oy his treatment.Angry and upset over the indifferent attitude of all the hospitals that refused to admit him, Hakim Seikh and PBKMS filed a case in the court.

Question 6.
Read the story given above. Then imagine that you are a Judge in the court. What would you say to Hakim Seikh?
Answer:
I would pronounce the judgement with due compensation to Hakim Seikh. I would also heavily fine the delinquent hospitals as deterrent punishment for dereliction of duty.

Page 24

Question 7.
Where do you go when you are ill? Are there any problems that you face? Write a paragraph based on your experience.
Ans:
I go to a private hospital or clinic. I prefer it because there is no rush. Doctors give attention to the patients immediately. We get all the services in one place only. Apart from this, the private clinics are neat and clean also. Problems to be face:

Non-availability of expert doctors on the spot-.
High cost of treatment.
No proper guidance and information.

Question 8.
Why did Ranjan have to spend so much money? Give reasons.
Answer:
Ranjan have to spend, so much money because his father took him to a private hospital and got a quick treatment as they are from a well to do family.

Question 9.
What problems did Aman face in the Government hospital? How do you think the hospital can work in a better manner? Discuss.
Answer:
In the public hospital, people always get long queues to wait for their turn. Hence, Aman also had to wait for his turn at the OPD section. He leaned on his father as he was feeling very sick. There turn came after a long wait and the doctor asked to do some blood tests. For blood tests also there was a long queue. They got the test results after three days.Again they visited the doctor but another doctor was on duty on that day and he prescribed the medicines.

In order to avoid these type of situations, there should be more qualified and experienced doctors and medically trained person. Facilities should be improved so that the people get the results little early. More branches of healthcare services should be provided. More mobile clinic should also be opened.

Question 10
What problems do we face in private hospitals? Discuss.
Answer:
In private hospitals we have to spend much more than the public hospitals. We have to buy the medicines from outside which the doctor will prescribe. Most of the time its mandatory to avail the facilities provided by hospital which is costlier then the outside market. Sometimes, some unnecessary tests and medicines are also given for their own profit which is not necessary for the patient.

Page 25

Question 11.
In what ways is the public health system meant for everyone?
Answer:
Public hospitals and health centres have been established by the government to provide healthcare to all citizens. The taxes we pay to the government are used to run these services. Hence, such facilities are meant for every citizen.

Question 12.
List some Public Health Centres (PHCs) or hospitals near your place. From your experience (or by visiting any one of them), find out the facilities provided and people who run the centre.
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own.

Page 26

Question 13.
How can health care be made more affordable? Discuss.
Answer:
The different ways through which we can make healthcare affordable for all are:

Opening more numbers of hospitals, healthcare centres, dispensaries and family welfare centres.
Organizing more camps for the prevention of spreading of diseases such as pulse polio.
To provide cheaper health services and little early to the poor people.
Free camps for check up of general public should be increased.
Among common people, spreading
health awareness through different means.
Provisions should be made to deal with unwanted situations like emergency, epidemics and pandemics.

Question 14.
Private health facilities can mean many things. Explain with the help of some examples from your area.
Answer:
Private health facilities can mean many things’. Now a days these hospitals are run by big companies. Such companies
run several businesses associated with these centres such as the facilities of pathology, laboratory, medicines, etc.

JAC Class 7th Civics Role of the Government in Health Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In this chapter you have read that health is a wider concept than illness. Look at this quote from the Constitution and explain the terms ‘living standard’ and ‘public health’ in your own words.
Answer:
Living standard :
it means the standard of living of people at which they live provided by the family or government. It also refers to the status earned by the people. It means that if they are having all comforts of life and live in a hygienic conditions then there standard of living is quite good. Whereas, if the person is not having all the necessary things for the day to day life, bound to live in a filthy and dirty place, drink polluted water and eat unhygienic foods, it means they have a low standard of living.

Public health:
it refers to the health of the general public of the country. It also refers to the-provision of quality healthcare services by the government either free or at low cost.

Question 2.
What are the different ways through which the government can take steps to provide healthcare for all? Discuss.
Answer:
The different ways through which the government can take steps to provide healthcare for all are:

Opening more numbers of hospitals, healthcare centres, dispensaries and family welfare centres.
Organizing more camps for the prevention of spreading of diseases such as pulse polio.
To provide cheaper health services and little early to the poor people.
Free camps for check up of general public should be increased.
Among common people, spreading health awareness through different means.
Provisions should be made to deal with unwanted situations like emergency, epidemics and pandemics.

Question 3.
What differences do you find between private and public health services in your area? Use the following table to compare and contrast these.

Facility	Affordability	Availability	Quality
Private
Public

Answer:

Facility	Affordability	Availability	Question uality
Private	Expensive, very high	Available	Good quality
Public	Either free or at low cost	Services are available but it takes long time.	There is always a rush in these hospitals.

Question 4.
‘Improvement in water and sanitation can control many diseases.’ Explain with the help of examples.
Answer:
The basic necessities for the maintenance of our health are water and sanitation. Poor quality of water causes many health issues such as dysentery, malaria, cholera, diarrhoea, jaundice. Similarly, poor sanitation causes many epidemics and diseases such as plague, dengue. Hence, improvement in water and sanitation can control many diseases. We can do simple things to achieve this such as keeping the water coolers dry, not to store water in pots, change waters in coolers, etc.

JAC Class 7thCivics Role of the Government in Health Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The expected role of government is
(a) Polluting environment
(b) Having clean and pollution free environment
(c) Allowing people to litter around
(d) Providing filthy drinking waters to the people of the country
Answer:
(b) Having clean and pollution free environment

Question 2.
The water borne disease/s is/are
(a) Hepatitis
(b) Worms
(c) Diarrhoea
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 3.
India is the ……. largest producer of medicines in the world and also a large exporter of medicines,
(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Fourth
Answer:
(d) Fourth

Question 4.
Our country has the money, knowledge and people with experience but cannot make the necessary healthcare available to all its citizens such a situation is known as
(a) Paradox: Something that is contrary .to what would be expected.
(b) Healthy: Free of illness, injury and mental strain.
(c) Mundane: Boring situation.
(d) Personification: Figure of speech
Answer:
(a) Paradox: Something that is contrary .to what would be expected.

Question 5.
RMPs are
(a) Rural Medicine Property
(b) Registered Medical Property
(c) Registered Medical Practitioners
(d) Rural Multiplex Property
Answer:
(c) Registered Medical Practitioners

Question 6.
Costa Rica became a healthy country by using
(a) The money they save by not having an army but spending it on health services and facilities.
(b) Because they only eat vegetarian food
(c) The money they spend on their animals
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) The money they save by not having an army but spending it on health services and facilities.

Question 7.
The healthiest country/ies in South America is/are
(a) Argentina
(b) Chile
(c) Costa Rica
(d) All of these
Answer:
(c) Costa Rica

Question 8.
One of the major function of public healthcare system is to prevent the spread of dangerous diseases such as TB, malaria, jaundice, cholera, diarrhoea etc. and it is possible when
Answer:
(a) all work is done by the people of the country
(b) the government and the people . work together to achieve this common goal
(c) everything is done by the private sectors
(d) all the work is done by the government
Answer:
(b) the government and the people . work together to achieve this common goal

Question 9.
Health concerns of are generally ignored.
(a) Men
(b) Women
(c) Children
(d) both (b) and (c)
Answer:
(b) Women

Question 10.
OPD means
(a) Out Patient Department
(b) Ordinary Public Department
(c) Other Patient Department
(d) Other Public Department
Answer:
(a) Out Patient Department

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which state of India guarantee the Right to Healthat first?
Answer:
Assam is the first state of India to guarantee the Right to Health.

Question 2.
What is the percentage of water borne communicable diseases?
Answer:
The percentage of water borne communicable diseases is 21%.

Question 3.
Name one communicable disease.
Answer:
T.B. or tuberculosis is one of the communicable disease.

Question 4.
Name the organisation which is responsible for healthcare policy making in India.
Answer:
The organisation which is responsible for healthcare policy making in India is The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Question 5.
Write the full form of UNICEF and WHO.
Answer:
The full form of
UNICEF: UnitedNations International Children’s Emergency Fund.
WHO: World Health Organisation

Question 6.
Who runs public healthcare system?
Answer:
Government runs public healthcare system.

Question 7.
In what kind of hospitals patients see long standing queues?
Answer:
Patients and p’eople generally see long standing queues in public and government hospitals.

Question 8.
What do you mean by communicable diseases?
Answer:
Communicable diseases are diseases that are spread from one person to another in several ways such as through water, food, air, etc.

Question 9.
What do you mean by health?
Answer:
Health means leading a good and happy life without mental strain and being active, in positive spirit. Above all, ability to remain free from illness and injuries.

Question 10.
Where are private health services available?
Answer:
Private health services are available in urban areas.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who are medical tourists?
Answer:
Medical tourists are the foreigners who come to this country especially for medical treatment at hospitals that offer world-class facilities at a lower cost than what they would have to pay in their own countries.

Question 2.
What is the work of village health workers?
Answer:
There are health centres in the villages where there is usually a nurse and a village health worker. They are trained in dealing with common illnesses and work under the supervision and observation of doctors at the Primary Health Centre (PHC).

Question 3.
What measures can we take to prevent and treat illnesses?
Answer:
The measures we can take to prevent and treat illnesses is that we need appropriate healthcare facilities such as health centres, hospitals, laboratories for testing, ambulance services, blood banks, etc., that can provide the required care and services that patients need in time of emergency.

Question 4.
Government hospitals are less costly and expensive than the private hospitals. Why?
Answer:
Government hospitals are less costly and expensive than the private hospitals because government uses the money which we pay as tax for providing many public health services for the benefit of all citizens. Whereas, the private health services are run for their own profit and the cost of these services are very high.

Question 5.
Do you think poor people fall ill more? If so, why?
Answer:
The poor people are undernourished. These families do not get enough food to eat. They are not provided with the basic necessities such as drinking water, proper housing, neat and clean surroundings, etc. and hence are more likely to fall ill. The expenses on illness make their situation even worse.

Question 6.
What is medical ethics?
Answer:
Medical ethics means the value that guide and steer medical professionals. These values refers to the justice, honesty, dignity of work practised by the medical professionals.

Question 7.
What do you mean by health insurance?
Answer:
A policy taken by a person in which the insurance company agrees to pay a fixed and specified amount for medical expenses in case of illness or injury in lieu of a regular premium to the insurance company is known as health insurance.

Question 8.
Do you think sufficient and adequate healthcare available to all? Justify.
Answer:
No, sufficient and adequate healthcare is not available- to all. In India, we are facing a situation where private services are rising and increasing but public services are not. Majorly private services are available and that too are concentrated in urban areas. As these services are expensive, many people cannot afford them or have to borrow money when there is an illness in the family.

Women are not taken to a doctor until and unless the matter triggers as women’s health concerns are considered to be less important and valuable than the health of men in the family. Many tribal areas have few health centres and they do not run properly. Even private health services are not available there.

Question 9.
Discuss the positive features of healthcare in India.
Answer:
Positive features of healthcare in India are:

India has the largest number of medical colleges in the world and is among the largest producers of doctors.
Healthcare facilities have grown substantially and significantly over the years. In 1991, there were 11,174 hospitals but in 2000, the number grew to 18,218.
India is the fourth largest producer of medicines in the world and is also a large exporter of medicines.
India gets a large number of medical tourists from many countries. In
India, they come for treatment in some of the hospitals which compare with the best in the world.

Question 10.
What is the work or functions of Medical Council of India?
Answer:
The work or functions of Medical Council of India are as follows:

Registering the medical professionals or practitioners.
Granting acknowledgement and recognition of medical qualification.
Monitoring the medical practice in the country.
Maintaining uniform and good standards of medical education in India.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
We should pay taxes to the government. Why?
Answer:
We should pay taxes to the government because:

Government uses the tax money for providing many public services such as for healthcare, defence, police, judicial system, highways, etc. for i
the benefit of all citizens.
Taxes fund developmental programmes and services such as education, health care, employment, social welfare, vocational training, etc. required for needy and the disadvantaged citizens.
Tax money is utilised for relief and rehabilitation in case of natural disasters such as flood, epidemic, drought.
Space, nuclear and missile programmes are also funded from the revenues collected as the taxes from the citizens.
Government provides some services especially for the poor who cannot afford to purchase them from the market.
In healthcare system as well medicines and other facilities are in the government hospitals. This is done by the revenues which are collected from tax.

Question 2.
Distinguish between public health services and private health services.
Answer:
The difference between public health services and private health services are:

Public health services	Private health sen ices
The public health . service is a series of health centres and hospitals run by the government.	Private health services are not owned or controlled by the government. It runs privately.
It is meant to provide quality healthcare services either free or at a low cost so that even the poor can get proper treatment.	These services are run for profit, the cost of these services is very high and expensive.
Public health services are present in rural as well as in urban areas.	Private health services are concentrated mainly in urban areas.
Patients usually have to wait in long queues in public hospita	People do not face such problem in private hospitals.

Question 3.
Discuss the healthcare policy of Kerala government in 1996. Did they succeeded fully?
Answer:
The healthcare policy of Kerala government in 1996 were as follows:

Forty per cent of the entire state budget was given to panchayats so that they could plan and provide for their requirements.
Now the villages could make sure proper planning for water, food, women’s development and education.
This meant that water supply . schemes were checked, the working . of schools and anganwadis were
ensured and specific problems of the village were taken up.
Health centres were also improved. No they didn’t succeeded fully though the situation improved a lot. There were loopholes such as shortage of medicines, hospital beds and less number of doctors and workers.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Markets Around Us

September 5, 2024September 4, 2024 by Prasanna

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Markets Around Us

JAC Class 7th Civics Markets Around Us InText Questions and Answers

Page 84

Question 1.
Why do people go to a weekly market?
Give three reasons.
Answer:
People go to the weekly market for thefollowing reasons:

Most of the things people need are available at the same place. They don’t need to go to different places for different things.
Prices are not fixed so they can bargain and buy the things.
They get things at cheaper rates.

Question 2.
Who are the sellers in a weekly market? Why don’t we find big business persons in these markets?
Answer:
The sellers in the weekly market are the small traders. We don’t find big business persons in these markets because they have permanent establishments and shops to run their business. They also have their fixed and permanent customers. They earn good money and hence, they need to set up temporary shops in weekly market.

Question 3.
Why are things cheap in the weekly market?
Answer:
Things are cheap in the weekly market because the shops are not permanent there and hence, they don’t have to bear the expenses that a permanent shops have to. In weekly market, they set up shops for a day and close it in the evening. They don’t need hired workers to help them. The family members work together.

Question 4.
Explain with an example how people bargain in the market. Can you think of a situation where the bargain would be unfair?
Answer:
In the market, there are sellers and buyers. Most of the seller, demands for high prices as they want to earn more profit. Whereas, buyers want to buy the things at the minimum price. Hence, they start to bargain to bring the price down. After some discussion, they mutually agree on a bargained price and finally sell the product on that price to the buyer. In some places, we see the price is fixed. In such a case, if we bargain for the things that would be unfair.

page 85

Question 5.
Why did Sujata carry a notebook? Do you think this system is useful? Can there be problems?
Answer:
Sujata carried a notebook to note down the amount of things which she purchased from the shop as she bought the things in credit.
This system is useful to those who have low income. I don’t think there will be any problem in this system. Everything will go in a smooth manner if both the buyer and the seller are honest to each other. The buyer will not face any problems such as hunger and take things on credit and can pay later once he gets the salary or money. The seller will be ’nappy and not in ioss as weYl.

Question 6.
What are the different kinds of shops that you find in your neighborhood? What do you purchase from them?
Answer:
The different kind of shops that we find in our neighbourhood are dairy, roadside stalls, departmental stores, grocery shops, stationery shops, etc. I purchase milk and other dairy products from the dairy, medicines from chemist shop, vegetables and fruits from roadside stall, grocery from grocery shop.

Question 7.
Why are goods sold in permanent shops costlier than those sold in the weekly markets or by roadside hawkers?
Answer:
Goods sold in permanent shops are costlier than those sold in the weekly markets or by roadside hawkers because permanent shops are set up in buildings hence, they have to bear lots of expenses such as pay electricity, rent, wages to workers, fees and taxes to the governments. But, the roadside hawkers or weekly markets they don’t have to bear any such costs.

Page 86

Question 8.
Why do you think the guard wanted to stop Kavita and Sujata from entering the shop? What would you say if someone stops you from entering a shop in a market?
Answer:
The guard wanted to stop Kavita and Sujata from entering the shop because from their appearance, the guard might have guessed that they are from poor families who would not be able to buy expensive things from the mall. If someone stops me from entering a shop in a market then I will resist the person. I have full right to visit any shop even if I don’t have money or will not be able to buy expensive things.

Page 87

Question 9.
Why do people not bargain in shops located in malls whereas they bargain in weekly markets?
Answer:
People do not bargain in shops located in malls whereas they bargain in weekly markets because shops mostly sell the branded things with price tags which leave no scope fpr buyers to bargain. Whereas, in weekly markets, there are many shops selling the same kind of things which are not branded. This means that there is a competition. If someone sells goods at higher price, the buyer can move to another shop and bargain for that thing.

Question 10.
How do you think your neighbourhood shop gets its goods? Find out and explain with some examples.
Answer:
The neighbourhood shop gets its goods from the wholesaler. For example—the vegetable seller will buy the vegetables from the wholesaler and not from the farmer directly. Buying and selling takes place between traders and things reaches us as and when required.

Question 11.
Why is a wholesale trader necessary?
Answer:
A whole-sale trader is necessary because it is the person who makes the things and goods available to the retailers from whom different consumers buy different things as per their need.

JAC Class 7th Civics Markets Around Us Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In what ways is a hawker different from a shop owner?
Answer:

A Hawker	A Sfclop Owner
• A hawker doesn’t have a permanent shop. It is a door to door service.	• A shop owner have a permanent shop.
• He sells his goods at minimum profit.	• Things are costlier.
• It is a kind of a movable shop where he keeps different types of things of every day use.	• Buyer has to go there if they require something.

Question 2.
Compare and contrast a weekly market and a shopping complex on the following:
Answer:

Market	Kind of goods sold	Prices of goods	Sellers	Buyers
Weekly market
Shopping complex

Question 3.
Explain how a chain of markets is formed. What-purpose does it serve?

Market	Weekly market	Shopping complex
Kind of goods sold	Various items of our daily needs such as vegetables, groceries, etc.	Branded things such as home appliances, readymade clothes, footwear, etc. We also get eatables such as pizzas, pasta, burgers, etc.
Prices of goods	Are not very high. Common people can afford to buy easily.	Are very high. Only wealthy and rich people can afford to buy them.
Sellers	Small traders and hawkers	Big businessmen and traders
Buyers	People from low income group	Wealthy and rich urban people

Question 3.
Explain how a chain of markets is formed. What purpose does it serve? .
Answer:
A chain of markets where there is a connection between producer, wholesaler and retailer in the following manner:

We do not buy things directly from the factory or farm where generally the production takes place.
The people who are in between the producer and the consumer is the trader.
The wholesaler buys things and goods in huge quantities and bulk and then sell it to the traders.
The traders or the retailers finally sells the things and items to the buyer or consumer.
Hence, we may say that a chain of market is formed which is from factories to the final consumer.

This serves a great purpose as it maintains a flow of money. It also makes availability of daily requirements easy and help in maintaining the coordination in the society.

Question 4.
‘All persons have equal rights to visit any shop in a marketplace.’ Do you think this is true of shops with expensive products? Explain with examples.
Answer:
Yes, it is true of shops with expensive products. Consumers can visit any shop even though if they do not have money to buy it. The shop owners are bound to show the items and things which the consumer wants to see. It fully depends on the consumer whether the person wants to buy or not. The shop owner cannot compel him to buy. As in the case of Sujata and Kavita. They went to a shopping mall in curiosity. They were wandering in the mall and entered a shop. They didn’t have plan to buy anything as they were very expensive. They looked at few branded things and moved from that place.

Question 5.
‘Buying and selling can take place without going to a marketplace.’ Explain this statement with the help of examples.
Answer:
‘Buying and selling can take place without going to a marketplace.’ It means that one does not have go and buy things. They can order through phone or internet. The things and items will be delivered at home. For this we can pay online through debit and credit cards and after delivering at home as well. We see medical executives waiting for doctors in hospitals and clinics. They are also engaged in selling their products.

JAC Class 7thCivics Markets Around Us Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The sellers sell the branded items in
(a) shopping malls
(b) weekly markets
(c) hawkers
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) shopping malls

Question 2.
Online shopping is a shopping on
(a) internet
(b) phone
(c) door to door
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(a) internet

Question 3.
We use for online purchases.
(a) PAN Card v
(b) Debit Card
(c) Credit Card N
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Answer:
(d) Both (b) and (c)

Question 4. In our neighbourhood, generally …….. is not found.
(a) dairy booth
(b) grocery
(c) shopping mall
(d) departmental store
Answer:
(c) shopping mall

Question 5.
The weekly market trader earns ……..compared to the profit of a shop owner.
(a) more
(b) less
(c) equal
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) less

Question 6.
People who are not interested in selling small quantities are
(a) producers
(b) retailers
(c) wholesalers
(d) all of these
Answer:
(a) producers

Question 7.
The things which we will not find in the weekly market is/ are
(a) groceries
(b) branded items
(c) non-branded items
(d) vegetables
Answer:
(b) branded items

Question 8.
Accumulating things have become a status symbol now a days.
(a) non-branded
(b) semi-precious
(c) branded
(d) All of these
Answer:
(a) non-branded

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by weekly market?
Answer:
A weekly market is a market which is held on a specific day of the week.

Question 2.
List few roadside stalls.
Answer:
Few roadside stalls are vegetable hawker, the fruit vendor and the mechanic, the cobbler, etc.

Question 3
What do you mean by wholesale market?
Answer:
Wholesale market is a place where goods first reach and then they are supplied to other traders in the region.

Question 4.
How do buyers are differently placed?
Answer:
Buyers are differently placed as there are many who can afford to buy in shopping malls as there the things are expensive while there are many who buy from weekly markets and hawkers as they get the cheapest of goods.

Question 5.
There is a competition among the shops in the weekly market. Why?
Answer:
There is a competition among the shops in the weekly market because there are many shops selling the same goods in the weekly market.

Question 6.
Why branded goods are expensive as compared to non-branded goods?
Answer:
Branded goods are expensive as compared to non-branded goods because branded goods are promoted by advertising which incurs a heavy costs, thus they are expensive.

Question 7.
Why fewer people can afford to buy branded goods?
Answer:
Only fewer people can afford to buy branded goods because branded goods are expensive.

Question 8
Who is the first key in the chain of markets?
Answer:
Producer is the first key in the chain of markets.

Question 9.
When is the chain of markets formed?
Answer:
Chain of markets is formed before the things are sold to the consumer or reaches the consumer.

Question 10.
Which is the largest fruits and vegetables market in Asia? How many retail vendors come everyday?
Answer:
The wholesale market at Azadpur, Delhi is the largest fruits and vegetables market in Asia. Approximately, 30,000 retail vendors come everyday.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
List the expenditure of the permanent shop owner.
Answer:
The expenditure of the permanent shop owner are:

electricity
rent
taxes or fees to government
wages to helpers.

Question 2.
Write a brief note about Aftab.
Answer:
Aftab is the wholesale trader who purchases goods in bulk. His business starts around 2 o’clock in the morning when vegetables reach the market. This is the time when the vegetable market or mandi starts buzzing with activity. The vegetables come in trucks, matadors, tractor trolleys from farms both near and far.

Soon the process of auctions and sale by bidding begins. Aftab decides what he will buy and participates in this auction. In the market, he has a shop where he stores the vegetables that he has bought. From this place, he sells to hawkers and shopkeepers who start coming to the market around six in the morning as they have to organise their purchases so that they can start their shop for the day around ten in the morning.

Question 3.
Which price is higher a retail or a wholesale price? Why?
Answer:
A retail price will be higher than the wholesale price. The reason is that the wholesaler sells at a higher price to retailer than charged by the producer to have a profit. Hence, in order to have a profit, the retailer sells it at a higher price than that he was sold at.

Question 4.
Why do most people choose shops in the neighbourhood?
Answer:
People choose shops in the neighbourhood because for their daily needs they can visit them any time. The shopkeeper and the buyer knows each other very well and things are also given on credit, if required.

Question 5.
Distinguish between permanent and temporary shop.
Answer:

Permanent Shops

Permanent shop contains expensive and costly items.
They store the items they sell in their shop.

Ibmpdrary Shops

Temporary shops contains less expensive and low rate items.
They store the items they sell in their home.

Question 6.
What do you mean by market?
Answer:
A place which is having shops, selling different kinds of things such as vegetables, fruits, stationary, medicines, clothes, etc. is known as market.

Question 7.
What are the various types of markets found?
Answer:
The various types of markets found are

Wholesale market
Weekly market
Retail market
Shopping complexes and malls
Shops in the neighbourhood

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Discuss how people bargain in the market with an example. Can you think of a situation where the bargain would be unfair?
Answer:
Bargaining is a type of negotiation and discussion in which the buyer and seller of a good or service debate the price and exact nature of a transaction. If the bargaining reaches on agreement on mutual terms, the transaction takes place. Let’s understand with an example:

Maya asked the shopkeeper, “how much this shirt costs?”
Shopkeeper replied, “1000 rupees”.
Maya promptly replied, “500 rupees”.
Shopkeeper laughed and said, “Not possible, madam”.
Maya replied, “700 rupees and this is the final price”.
Shopkeeper replied, “Ok” and hand over the shirt to Maya.
Bargaining would be unfair in the following cases:
When we are getting the thing which is already at the lowest price and is of good quality.
The person is economically weak who is selling the thing and his livelihood depends on what he sells.

Question 2.
What are the characteristics of weekly market and wholesale market?
Answer:
The characteristics of weekly market are:

This market is found once in a week at a specific and particular place on a specific day.
This is not a daily market.
The traders set up temporary shops on the roadside or on open space for the day and closes it in the evening.
The goods are relatively cheaper as they have no expenses such as rent, electricity, etc.
The market sells almost everything such as lfom vegetables and fruits to the household things.
People can bargain here as there are many shops where one can find the same thing everywhere in the weekly market.
The characteristics of the wholesale market are:
Wholesale market is a place where goods are sold in lower price and in bulk.
A buyer can save lot of amount by buying from a wholesale market if he requires goods in bulk.
The wholesalers do not sale goods in less quantity.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions