Month: June 2022

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Markets Around Us

by

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Markets Around Us

JAC Class 7th Civics Markets Around Us InText Questions and Answers

Page 84

Question 1.
Why do people go to a weekly market?
Give three reasons.
Answer:
People go to the weekly market for thefollowing reasons:

  1. Most of the things people need are available at the same place. They don’t need to go to different places for different things.
  2. Prices are not fixed so they can bargain and buy the things.
  3. They get things at cheaper rates.

Question 2.
Who are the sellers in a weekly market? Why don’t we find big business persons in these markets?
Answer:
The sellers in the weekly market are the small traders. We don’t find big business persons in these markets because they have permanent establishments and shops to run their business. They also have their fixed and permanent customers. They earn good money and hence, they need to set up temporary shops in weekly market.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Markets Around Us

Question 3.
Why are things cheap in the weekly market?
Answer:
Things are cheap in the weekly market because the shops are not permanent there and hence, they don’t have to bear the expenses that a permanent shops have to. In weekly market, they set up shops for a day and close it in the evening. They don’t need hired workers to help them. The family members work together.

Question 4.
Explain with an example how people bargain in the market. Can you think of a situation where the bargain would be unfair?
Answer:
In the market, there are sellers and buyers. Most of the seller, demands for high prices as they want to earn more profit. Whereas, buyers want to buy the things at the minimum price. Hence, they start to bargain to bring the price down. After some discussion, they mutually agree on a bargained price and finally sell the product on that price to the buyer. In some places, we see the price is fixed. In such a case, if we bargain for the things that would be unfair.

page 85

Question 5.
Why did Sujata carry a notebook? Do you think this system is useful? Can there be problems?
Answer:
Sujata carried a notebook to note down the amount of things which she purchased from the shop as she bought the things in credit.
This system is useful to those who have low income. I don’t think there will be any problem in this system. Everything will go in a smooth manner if both the buyer and the seller are honest to each other. The buyer will not face any problems such as hunger and take things on credit and can pay later once he gets the salary or money. The seller will be ’nappy and not in ioss as weYl.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Markets Around Us

Question 6.
What are the different kinds of shops that you find in your neighborhood? What do you purchase from them?
Answer:
The different kind of shops that we find in our neighbourhood are dairy, roadside stalls, departmental stores, grocery shops, stationery shops, etc. I purchase milk and other dairy products from the dairy, medicines from chemist shop, vegetables and fruits from roadside stall, grocery from grocery shop.

Question 7.
Why are goods sold in permanent shops costlier than those sold in the weekly markets or by roadside hawkers?
Answer:
Goods sold in permanent shops are costlier than those sold in the weekly markets or by roadside hawkers because permanent shops are set up in buildings hence, they have to bear lots of expenses such as pay electricity, rent, wages to workers, fees and taxes to the governments. But, the roadside hawkers or weekly markets they don’t have to bear any such costs.

Page 86

Question 8.
Why do you think the guard wanted to stop Kavita and Sujata from entering the shop? What would you say if someone stops you from entering a shop in a market?
Answer:
The guard wanted to stop Kavita and Sujata from entering the shop because from their appearance, the guard might have guessed that they are from poor families who would not be able to buy expensive things from the mall. If someone stops me from entering a shop in a market then I will resist the person. I have full right to visit any shop even if I don’t have money or will not be able to buy expensive things.

Page 87

Question 9.
Why do people not bargain in shops located in malls whereas they bargain in weekly markets?
Answer:
People do not bargain in shops located in malls whereas they bargain in weekly markets because shops mostly sell the branded things with price tags which leave no scope fpr buyers to bargain. Whereas, in weekly markets, there are many shops selling the same kind of things which are not branded. This means that there is a competition. If someone sells goods at higher price, the buyer can move to another shop and bargain for that thing.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Markets Around Us

Question 10.
How do you think your neighbourhood shop gets its goods? Find out and explain with some examples.
Answer:
The neighbourhood shop gets its goods from the wholesaler. For example—the vegetable seller will buy the vegetables from the wholesaler and not from the farmer directly. Buying and selling takes place between traders and things reaches us as and when required.

Question 11.
Why is a wholesale trader necessary?
Answer:
A whole-sale trader is necessary because it is the person who makes the things and goods available to the retailers from whom different consumers buy different things as per their need.

JAC Class 7th Civics Markets Around Us Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In what ways is a hawker different from a shop owner?
Answer:

A Hawker A Sfclop Owner
• A hawker doesn’t have a permanent shop. It is a door to door service. • A shop owner have a permanent shop.
• He sells his goods at minimum profit. • Things are costlier.
• It is a kind of a movable shop where he keeps different types of things of every day use. • Buyer has to go there if they require something.

Question 2.
Compare and contrast a weekly market and a shopping complex on the following:
Answer:

Market Kind of goods sold Prices of goods Sellers Buyers
Weekly market
Shopping complex

Question 3.
Explain how a chain of markets is formed. What-purpose does it serve?

Market Weekly market Shopping complex
Kind of goods sold Various items of our daily needs such as vegetables, groceries, etc. Branded things such as home appliances, readymade clothes, footwear, etc. We also get eatables such as pizzas, pasta, burgers, etc.
Prices of goods Are not very high. Common people can afford to buy easily. Are very high. Only wealthy and rich people can afford to buy them.
Sellers Small traders and hawkers Big businessmen and traders
Buyers People from low income group Wealthy and rich urban people

Question 3.
Explain how a chain of markets is formed. What purpose does it serve? .
Answer:
A chain of markets where there is a connection between producer, wholesaler and retailer in the following manner:

  • We do not buy things directly from the factory or farm where generally the production takes place.
  • The people who are in between the producer and the consumer is the trader.
  • The wholesaler buys things and goods in huge quantities and bulk and then sell it to the traders.
  • The traders or the retailers finally sells the things and items to the buyer or consumer.
  • Hence, we may say that a chain of market is formed which is from factories to the final consumer.

This serves a great purpose as it maintains a flow of money. It also makes availability of daily requirements easy and help in maintaining the coordination in the society.

Question 4.
‘All persons have equal rights to visit any shop in a marketplace.’ Do you think this is true of shops with expensive products? Explain with examples.
Answer:
Yes, it is true of shops with expensive products. Consumers can visit any shop even though if they do not have money to buy it. The shop owners are bound to show the items and things which the consumer wants to see. It fully depends on the consumer whether the person wants to buy or not. The shop owner cannot compel him to buy. As in the case of Sujata and Kavita. They went to a shopping mall in curiosity. They were wandering in the mall and entered a shop. They didn’t have plan to buy anything as they were very expensive. They looked at few branded things and moved from that place.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Markets Around Us

Question 5.
‘Buying and selling can take place without going to a marketplace.’ Explain this statement with the help of examples.
Answer:
‘Buying and selling can take place without going to a marketplace.’ It means that one does not have go and buy things. They can order through phone or internet. The things and items will be delivered at home. For this we can pay online through debit and credit cards and after delivering at home as well. We see medical executives waiting for doctors in hospitals and clinics. They are also engaged in selling their products.

JAC Class 7thCivics Markets Around Us Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The sellers sell the branded items in
(a) shopping malls
(b) weekly markets
(c) hawkers
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) shopping malls

Question 2.
Online shopping is a shopping on
(a) internet
(b) phone
(c) door to door
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(a) internet

Question 3.
We use for online purchases.
(a) PAN Card v
(b) Debit Card
(c) Credit Card N
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Answer:
(d) Both (b) and (c)

Question 4. In our neighbourhood, generally …….. is not found.
(a) dairy booth
(b) grocery
(c) shopping mall
(d) departmental store
Answer:
(c) shopping mall

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Markets Around Us

Question 5.
The weekly market trader earns ……..compared to the profit of a shop owner.
(a) more
(b) less
(c) equal
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) less

Question 6.
People who are not interested in selling small quantities are
(a) producers
(b) retailers
(c) wholesalers
(d) all of these
Answer:
(a) producers

Question 7.
The things which we will not find in the weekly market is/ are
(a) groceries
(b) branded items
(c) non-branded items
(d) vegetables
Answer:
(b) branded items

Question 8.
Accumulating things have become a status symbol now a days.
(a) non-branded
(b) semi-precious
(c) branded
(d) All of these
Answer:
(a) non-branded

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by weekly market?
Answer:
A weekly market is a market which is held on a specific day of the week.

Question 2.
List few roadside stalls.
Answer:
Few roadside stalls are vegetable hawker, the fruit vendor and the mechanic, the cobbler, etc.

Question 3
What do you mean by wholesale market?
Answer:
Wholesale market is a place where goods first reach and then they are supplied to other traders in the region.

Question 4.
How do buyers are differently placed?
Answer:
Buyers are differently placed as there are many who can afford to buy in shopping malls as there the things are expensive while there are many who buy from weekly markets and hawkers as they get the cheapest of goods.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Markets Around Us

Question 5.
There is a competition among the shops in the weekly market. Why?
Answer:
There is a competition among the shops in the weekly market because there are many shops selling the same goods in the weekly market.

Question 6.
Why branded goods are expensive as compared to non-branded goods?
Answer:
Branded goods are expensive as compared to non-branded goods because branded goods are promoted by advertising which incurs a heavy costs, thus they are expensive.

Question 7.
Why fewer people can afford to buy branded goods?
Answer:
Only fewer people can afford to buy branded goods because branded goods are expensive.

Question 8
Who is the first key in the chain of markets?
Answer:
Producer is the first key in the chain of markets.

Question 9.
When is the chain of markets formed?
Answer:
Chain of markets is formed before the things are sold to the consumer or reaches the consumer.

Question 10.
Which is the largest fruits and vegetables market in Asia? How many retail vendors come everyday?
Answer:
The wholesale market at Azadpur, Delhi is the largest fruits and vegetables market in Asia. Approximately, 30,000 retail vendors come everyday.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
List the expenditure of the permanent shop owner.
Answer:
The expenditure of the permanent shop owner are:

  • electricity
  • rent
  • taxes or fees to government
  • wages to helpers.

Question 2.
Write a brief note about Aftab.
Answer:
Aftab is the wholesale trader who purchases goods in bulk. His business starts around 2 o’clock in the morning when vegetables reach the market. This is the time when the vegetable market or mandi starts buzzing with activity. The vegetables come in trucks, matadors, tractor trolleys from farms both near and far.

Soon the process of auctions and sale by bidding begins. Aftab decides what he will buy and participates in this auction. In the market, he has a shop where he stores the vegetables that he has bought. From this place, he sells to hawkers and shopkeepers who start coming to the market around six in the morning as they have to organise their purchases so that they can start their shop for the day around ten in the morning.

Question 3.
Which price is higher a retail or a wholesale price? Why?
Answer:
A retail price will be higher than the wholesale price. The reason is that the wholesaler sells at a higher price to retailer than charged by the producer to have a profit. Hence, in order to have a profit, the retailer sells it at a higher price than that he was sold at.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Markets Around Us

Question 4.
Why do most people choose shops in the neighbourhood?
Answer:
People choose shops in the neighbourhood because for their daily needs they can visit them any time. The shopkeeper and the buyer knows each other very well and things are also given on credit, if required.

Question 5.
Distinguish between permanent and temporary shop.
Answer:

Permanent Shops

  • Permanent shop contains expensive and costly items.
  • They store the items they sell in their shop.

Ibmpdrary Shops

  • Temporary shops contains less expensive and low rate items.
  • They store the items they sell in their home.

Question 6.
What do you mean by market?
Answer:
A place which is having shops, selling different kinds of things such as vegetables, fruits, stationary, medicines, clothes, etc. is known as market.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Markets Around Us

Question 7.
What are the various types of markets found?
Answer:
The various types of markets found are

  • Wholesale market
  • Weekly market
  • Retail market
  • Shopping complexes and malls
  • Shops in the neighbourhood

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Discuss how people bargain in the market with an example. Can you think of a situation where the bargain would be unfair?
Answer:
Bargaining is a type of negotiation and discussion in which the buyer and seller of a good or service debate the price and exact nature of a transaction. If the bargaining reaches on agreement on mutual terms, the transaction takes place. Let’s understand with an example:

  • Maya asked the shopkeeper, “how much this shirt costs?”
  • Shopkeeper replied, “1000 rupees”.
  • Maya promptly replied, “500 rupees”.
  • Shopkeeper laughed and said, “Not possible, madam”.
  • Maya replied, “700 rupees and this is the final price”.
  • Shopkeeper replied, “Ok” and hand over the shirt to Maya.
  • Bargaining would be unfair in the following cases:
  • When we are getting the thing which is already at the lowest price and is of good quality.
  • The person is economically weak who is selling the thing and his livelihood depends on what he sells.

Question 2.
What are the characteristics of weekly market and wholesale market?
Answer:
The characteristics of weekly market are:

  • This market is found once in a week at a specific and particular place on a specific day.
  • This is not a daily market.
  • The traders set up temporary shops on the roadside or on open space for the day and closes it in the evening.
  • The goods are relatively cheaper as they have no expenses such as rent, electricity, etc.
  • The market sells almost everything such as lfom vegetables and fruits to the household things.
  • People can bargain here as there are many shops where one can find the same thing everywhere in the weekly market.
  • The characteristics of the wholesale market are:
  • Wholesale market is a place where goods are sold in lower price and in bulk.
  • A buyer can save lot of amount by buying from a wholesale market if he requires goods in bulk.
  • The wholesalers do not sale goods in less quantity.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media

by

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media

JAC Class 7th Civics Understanding Media InText Questions and Answers

Page 71

Question 1.
Look at the collage on the left and list six various kinds of media that you see.
JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media 1
Answer:
Six various kinds of media are:

  1. Newspaper
  2. Mobile phones
  3. Radio
  4. Television
  5. Internet
  6. Cyber Cafe

Question 2.
Ask older members of your family about what they used to listen to on the radio when there was no TV around. Find out from them when the first TV came to your area. When was cable TV introduced?
Answer:
The older member of the family used to listen news of national and international importance. Different types of programmes were also broadcasted such as on science, agriculture, entertainment etc. There were sports commentaries too but during the matches such as football commentary. Entertainment programmes were such as nataks or dramas, songs, kids play etc. The first television came to my place in the early 1980s and Cable TV was introduced in the year 1984.

Question 3.
How many people in your neighbourhood use the Internet?
Answer:
Almost everyone uses the Internet in my neighbourhood.

Question 4.
List three things that you know about some other part of the world from watching television.
Answer:
Three things that I know about some other part of the world from watching television are :

  1. Australian Open in Lawn Tennis was won by Novak Djokovic.
  2. Terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre in USA.
  3. Grammy Awards ceremony held in United States.

Page 72

Question 5.
Can you list three different products that are advertised during your favourite TV programme?
Answer:
Three different products that are advertised during my favourite TV programme are

  1. Colgate Toothpaste
  2. Maggi
  3. Suzuki Bikes

Question 6.
Take a newspaper and count the number of advertisements in it. Some people say that newspapers have too many advertisements. Do you think this is true and why?
Answer:
Yes, every newspaper contains lots of advertisements. A lot of money is spent on getting the latest and new technologies as the technology of mass media keeps changing. Due to these costs, mass media needs lots of money. Hence, this is one method to earn money by advertising various products like food items, shoes, accessories, cars, bikes etc.

Page 74

Question 7.
Are the above stories in the two newspapers similar? And if not, why not? What, in your view, are the similarities and the differences?
JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media 2
Answer:
No, the above stories in the two newspapers are not similar. In the News of India newspaper, the report is about the nuisance created by the protestors. They disrupted the traffic and continually polluted the city which gave a bad impression of the factories. Whereas, India Daily reports that they are protesting because a lot of livelihood will be lost if the factories shuts down.

Similarities Dissimilarities
In both the reports, the protestors were assured by the government that they will relocate the factories to some other place. The News of India reports that closure of factories will give us neat, clean and green city.
Both the newspaper reports about the protests due to the factories shut down. The India Daily reports that the closure of factories will give many loss of livlihoods.

Question 8.
If you read the story in the News of India, what would you think about the issue?
Answer:
Since the government has taken a decision to close the factories which lead to pollution and it will reduce by the closure. But, the government’s decision infuriated and provoked the factory owners and the workers. The protest started due to this decision.

Page 75

Question 9.
Do you think it is important to know both sides of the story? Why?
Answer:
Yes, it is important to know both sides of the story because then only we will be able develop our own opinions and views about the story unbiasedly.

Question 10.
Pretend that you are a journalist for a newspaper and write a balanced story from the two news reports,
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own.

Page 77

Question 11.
What is the consequence of the media ‘setting the agenda’ by reporting on the Fashion Week rather than the slum demolitions?
Answer:
The consequence of the media ‘setting the agenda’ by reporting on the Fashion Week rather than the slum demolitions is that the media earns a good amount of money and fame as well.

Question 12.
Can you think of an issue that does not seem important to you because it is never featured in the media?
Answer:
An issue that does not seem important to you because it is never featured in the media is the price hike of the essential and daily use commodities.

JAC Class 7th Civics Understanding Media Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In what ways does the media play an important role in a democracy?
The media plays an important role in a democracy:

  • The media provides news and discuss events taking place in the country and the world. It is on the basis of this information that people can get information about how government works.
  • It also criticizes and depricate the unpopular policies and programmes of the government.
  • On behalf of public, it forms the public opinion.
  • It raises issues and problems related ‘ to common people.
  • It also acts as reminder for the government about their promises.

Question 2.
Can you give this diagram a title? What do you understand about the link between media and big business from this diagram?
JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media 3
Answer:
The title we can give ‘Media and Giant Corporate Houses’. From this diagram it is clear that some big corporate and business houses have their own television channels and newspapers. They show news of interest to the people on television and newspaper and advertise their own product in between. To make money, independent media houses also advertise product of big business houses. As a result, most television channels and newspapers are part of big business houses. People are influenced by these advertisements to buy these advertised products of the big business houses and money flow back to them.

Question 3.
You have read about the ways in which the media ‘sets the agenda’. What kind of effect does this have in a democracy? Provide two examples to support your point of view.
Answer:
The media plays an important role in deciding what stories to emphasize on and decides on what is newsworthy. By emphasizing on particular issues and points, the media influences our thoughts, feelings and actions and brings those issues to our attention. Examples are:

  • The media drew our attention to alarming levels of pesticides in cola drinks. They published reports that indicated the high level of pesticides, hence, according to international quality and safety standards we need to regularly monitor these colas and made us aware of the fact.
  • The media drew our attention to suicide committed by farmers due to drought which leads to large scale movement and forced the government to look further on this issue.

Question 4.
As a class project, decide to fucns on a particular news topic and cut out stories from different newspapers on this. Also watch the coverage of this topic on TV news. Compare two newspapers and write down the similarity and differences in their reports. It might help to ask the following questions.

  1. What information is this article providing?
  2. What information is it leaving out?
  3. From whose point of view is the article being written?
  4. Whose point of view is being left out and why?

Answer:
Students need to do it on their own.

Question 5.
Do projects (solo, pair or group) about types of advertisements. Create commercial advertisements about some products and social advertisements about public health, road safety and the need to save water and energy.
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own.

JAC Class 7thCivics Understanding Media Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The one word which includes television, radio, newspaper, books, internet and other means of communications is
(a) censorship
(b) media
(c) technology
(d) advertisements
Answer:
(b) media

Question 2.
An example of mass media is
(a) watching news on TV or listening songs in radio
(b) playing football with friends
(c) roaming in the city and eating delicious foods
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) watching news on TV or listening songs in radio

Question 3.
The medium through which we get the picture in our television is
(a) mobile phones
(b) censorship
(c) satellite and cables
(d) public transport
Answer:
(c) satellite and cables

Question 4.
The Emergency Period was from
(a) 1965 to 1975
(b) 1975 to 1977
(c) 1970 to 1977
(d) 1985 to 1990
Answer:
(b) 1975 to 1977

Question 5.
The earliest form of mass media is
(a) print Media
(b) digital Media
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Either (a) or (b)
Answer:
(a) print Media

Question 6.
…. is not a part of digital media.
(a) Television
(b) Internet
(c) Cellular Phones
(d) Books and magazines
Answer:
(d) Books and magazines

Question 7.
Prasar Bharti includes
(a) Doordarshan (Television)
(b) All India Radio
(c) Internet
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b)

Question 8.
The Right to Information Act was passed on
(a) January, 2005
(b) May, 2008
(c) October, 2005
(d) July, 2002
Answer:
(a) January, 2005

Question 9.
Television was invented by
(a) Thomas Edison
(b) J.L. Baird
(c) Madam Curie
(d) Galileo
Answer:
(b) J.L. Baird

Question 10.
The newspapers which are published in Hindi is/are
(a) Punjab Kesari
(b) Hindustan
(c) Dainik Jagran
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Do you think television influences us? How?
Answer:
Yes, television influences us. It shapes our views of the world, our beliefs, attitudes and values.

Question 2.
Why do yoir think newspapers are called print media?
Answer:
Newspapers are called print media because they are in printed form.

Question 3.
Give examples of local media.
Answer:
Examples of local media are Community Radio, Documentary Films, Local newspaper such as ‘KhabarLahriya’.

Question 4.
What do you mean by broadcast?
Answer:
Broadcast is used to refer to a television or radio programmes that are widely transmitted.

Question 5.
What do you understand by censorship?
Answer:
Censorship refers to the powers that government has to disallow or prevent media from publishing or showing certain stories.

Question 6.
Why we need to analyse the news?
Answer:
We need to analyze the news because the ‘factual information’ that a news report provides is often incomplete and can be one-sided.

Question 7.
Mention one way in which mass media earns money.
Answer:
One way in which the mass media earns money is by advertising different products such as cars, chocolates, clothes, mobile phones, etc.

Question 8.
Why are some advertisements shown repeatedly on the television screen?
Answer:
Advertisements are repeatedly shown on the television screen because these will influence the people and they will go out and buy what is advertised.

Question 9.
Is it necessary for media to be independent? Why?
Answer:
Yes, it is necessary for media to be independent because then only media can deliver a balanced report and information.

Question 10.
Which is the lighthouse of democracy?
Answer:
The media is lighthouse of democracy because it is the media who awares people about their rights. The government is criticised for its wrong doings by it. It also helps to maintain transparency.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Television is known as a window of the world. How?
Answer:
Television is known as a window of the world because a lot of our impressions about the world around us are formed by what we see and listen on television.

Question 2.
List one useful feature about internet.
Answer:
One useful feature of internet is that we always get the latest information on internet as we can read latest news and gain knowledge about the latest products within minutes of their release.

Question 3.
What do you mean by public protest?
Answer:
Public protest is a type of protest when a large number of people come together and openly state their opposition to some issue. Organising a rally, starting a signature campaign, blocking roads, etc. are some of the ways in which public protest is done.

Question 4.
Define an independent media.
Answer:
An independent media means that no one should control and influence and affect its coverage of news. No one should tell the media what can be included and what should not be included in a news story. They should not be biased.

Question 5.
What do you understand by the term mass media?
Answer:
Television, radio and newspapers are a form of media that reaches millions of people or the masses across the country and the world are known as mass media.

Question 6.
Why do you think media is not interested in covering small issues that involve common people and their daily lives?
Answer:
Media is not interested in covering small issues that involve common people and their daily lives because these issues generally not attract many reader or viewer and may affect their business.

Question 7.
In what ways media and money are interrelated?
Answer:
The different technologies that mass media use are very costly and expensive. In a news studio, it is not only the newsreader who needs to be paid but also a number of other people who help put the broadcast together. The technologies that mass media use keep changing and hence lots of money is spent on getting the latest technology. Due to these costs, the mass media needs a great deal of money to do its work. So, we can say that media and money are interrelated.

Question 8.
Explain in brief that ‘Most television channels and newspapers are part of big business houses’.
Answer:
The statement ‘Most television channels and newspapers are part of big business houses’ is true. In a news studio, it is not only the newsreader who needs to be paid but also a number of other people who help put the broadcast together. This includes those who look after the cameras, lights, research people, etc. As you know that the technologies of mass media which is used keeps on changing and hence a lot of money is spent on getting the latest technology. Due to these costs, the mass media needs a great deal of money to do its work and the big business houses provide it.

Question 9.
In what ways, dees technology affect the media industry?
Answer:
Making technology more modem and advanced and changing technology or machines help media to reach more people. It also improves the quality of sound and the images that we hear and see. But technology does more than this. It also changes the ways in which we think about our lives. Now a days, it is quite difficult for us to think of our lives without television. Television has enabled us to think of ourselves as members of a larger global world. The world has come closer to us. Television images travel huge distances through satellites and cables which permits us to view news and entertainment channels from other parts of the world.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain local media.
Answer:
Local media covers small and minute issues that involves common people and their daily lives. Several local groups have come forward to start their own media. Several people use community radio to tell farmers about the prices of different crops and advise them on the use of seeds and fertilisers. Other people make documentary films with very low budget and cheap and easily available video cameras on real-life conditions and problems faced by different poor communities.

At times, even they have given the poor people these video cameras to make films on their own lives. We can see an example. A newspaper called Khabar Lahriya which is a fortnightly that is run by eight Dalit women in Chitrakoot district in Uttar Pradesh. Written in the local language Bundeli. This eight-page newspaper reports on Dalit issues and cases of violence against women and political corruption.

Question 2.
In what ways we can say that media is. still not free to give unbiased and unprejudiced news and stories?
Answer:
We can say that media is still not free to give unbiased and unprejudiced news and stories mainly because of two reasons:

  • The first one is that the government has the control on the media. When the government prevents and bans either a news item or scenes from a movie or the lyrics of a song from
    being shared with the larger public this is referred to as censorship. There have been periods in Indian history when the government censored the media.
  • Second one is that at times, it is in the interest of these businesses to focus on only one side of the story. Media’s continual need for money and its connects to advertising means that it becomes difficult for media to be reporting against people who give them advertisements and money.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World

by

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World

JAC Class 7th Civics  Women Change the World InText Questions and Answers

Page 55

Question 1.
Fill in the table below. Add up the number of male and female images separately for each occupation.

Category Male Image Female Image
Teacher 15 35
Farmer 47 04
Factory Worker 50 20
Nurse 0 43
Scientist 38 08
Pilot 63 7

(a) Are there more images of men than women?
(b) In what kinds of jobs were there more images of men than women?
(c) Have all the nurses been drawn as females? Why?
(d) Are there fewer images of female farmers? If so, why?
Answer:
(a) Yes, there more images of men than women.

(b) Men are mostly employed more in all of the above works such as fanner, scientist, pilot, etc. than . women.

(c) Yes, all the nurses have been drawn as females. The women are more patient and take good care of people than men so the number of nurses is more as women.

(d) Yes, there are fewer images of female farmers. The reason is that farming is very tough and strenuous job. Physical work such as ploughing, sowing, harvesting, threshing etc. are very tough. They majorly assist their male partners but now a days we can see many women in the field doing this job.

Page 56

Question 2.
How does your class exercise compare with Rosie Ma’am’s class exercise?

Category Male Image Female Image
Teacher 5 25
Farmer 30 0
Factory Worker 25 5
Nurse 0 30
Scientist 25 5
Pilot 27 3

Answer:
The exercise done and that of Rosie Ma’am is same in the numbers of images in the categories, the male numbers are also more as ours. No comparison can be done.

Page 58

Question 3.
Read the story given in the book and answer the questions:
JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World 1
(a) If you were Xavier, what subject would you choose and why?
(b) In your experience, what are some of the other pressures that boys experience?

Answer:
(a) If I were Xavier then I would choose History because this helps us to know the past and about our culture as well. Apart from this, I am very much interested about past to learn.

(b) The other pressures that boys experience are that there parents want them to study mostly, science, maths, computers which can bring them excellent and high profile jobs. They are also pressurized to think about getting a good job that will pay them a lucrative salary. Even if they are interested. in History or Geography, then they won’t be able to study as there parents don’t want.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World

Page 62

Question 4. Study the table below and answer the following questions:

Level AW SC ST
Boy Girls Tbtal Boy Girts Tntal BOy Girls Total
Primary (Classes 1-5) 4.36 3.88 4.13 4.71 4.20 4.46 7.02 6.84 6.93
Lpper’Primary (( lasses 6-8) . 3.49 4.60 4.03 5.00 6.03 5.51 8.48 8.71 8.59
Secondary (Classes 9-10) 17.21 16.88 17.06 19.64 19.05 19.36 24.94 24.40 24.68

(a) What percentage of children leave school at the elementary level?
(b) At which level of education do you see the highest percentage of children leaving?
(c) Why do you think that the percentage of Adivasi girls and boys leaving school is higher than that of any other group?
Answer:
(a) The percentage of children leave school at the elementary level is 52%.

(b) At secondary level of education, we see the highest percentage of children leaving.

(c) The percentage of Adivasi girls and boys leaving school is higher than that of any other group because in rural and poor regions of our country, there are no proper schools. Hence, there are no teachers to teach them. They are sometimes discriminated by the teachers and the students. If the school is far from there home and transport facility is not available then they don’t send their children to school.

Question 5.
From the given table, convert the figures of primary class children who leave school into a bar diagram. Two percentages have already been converted for you in the bar diagram on the left.
JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World 2
Answer:
Students need to do it own their own.

JAC Class 7th Civics  Women Change the World Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How do you think stereotypes, about what women can or cannot do, affect women’s right to equality?
Answer:
Most of the time women are considered lower in status to men. There is a belief that women lack the technical mind and hence, cannot be a scientist. Women are always considered that they are good in taking care of people and are patient. So, they can be teachers, nurses, etc. these stereotypes about women affect women’s right to equality very badly. Due to this rationale behaviour and cause women are paid less than men.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World

Question 2.
List one reason why learning the alphabet was so important to women like Rashsundari Devi, Ramabai and Rokeya.
Answer:
Learning the alphabet was so important to women like Rashsundari Devi, Ramabai and Rokeya because they were able to write only after that. The stories, autobiographies which explained and described their own experiences about inequality.

Question 3.
“Poor girls drop out of school because they are not interested in getting an education.” Re-read the last paragraph on page 62 and explain why this statement is not true.
Answer:
Poor girls do not leave school on then wish but they are compelled to do so because they are from those regions of the country where there is no school, no teacher. If they have school which is not near to their home, their parent won’t send them as they do not have transport facilities also.

Question 4.
Can you describe two methods of struggle that the women’s movement used to raise issues? If you had to organise a struggle against stereotypes, about what women can or cannot do, what method would you employ from the ones that you have read about? Why would you choose this particular method?
Answer:
Many methods of struggle have been used in women’s movement to raise their voice on different issues. Two methods are:

  • One of the important part of women’s movement is campaigning. It fights violence, discrimination against women. New laws have been passed due to campaigning.
  • The women’s movement led the Supreme Court to formulate rules and guidelines in 1997 to protect women against any type of harassment such as sexual harassment in workplace. Harassment at home in the form of dowry. Voices has been raised against it as well.
  • When violations against women happened, the women’s movement raised its voice. The powerful way of drawing attention are bringing out rallies and demonstrations against injustice.

I would like to employ the method of raising awareness if I had to organise a struggle against the stereotypes. Awareness can work effectively while pressurizing sometimes doesn’t work. Through street plays, nukkad natak, songs, public meetings, we can realize the common people about the injustice which is happening.

JAC Class 7thCivics Women Change the World Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
‘Amar Jiban ’ was written by
(a) Rashsundari Devi
(b) Ramabai
(c) Sarojini Naidu
(d) Rani Lakshmibai
Answer:
(a) Rashsundari Devi

Question 2.
The International Women’s Day is celebrated on
(a) 6th March
(b) 8th April
(c) 8th March
(d) 8th May
Answer:
(c) 8th March

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World

Question 3.
The first women driver of Northern railways is
(a) Lakshmi Leela
(b) Laxmi Lakra
(c) Satundarya Devi
(d) Bachendri Pal
Answer:
(b) Laxmi Lakra

Question 4.
Female are engaged in as …… more than males.
(a) farming
(b) factory workers
(c) painting
(d) nursing
Answer:
(d) nursing

Question 5.
For spreading awareness amongst the common people are
(a) songs
(b) public meetings
(c) street plays
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 6.
The National Commission on Women was established in India in
(a) 1975
(b) 1992
(c) 1986
(d) 1998
Answer:
(b) 1992

Question 7.
The title ‘Pandita’ was given to
(a) Ramabai
(b) Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain
(c) Laxmi Lakra
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Ramabai

Question 8.
Scheduled Tribe is the official term for
(a) Dalit
(b) Adivasi
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) Either (a) or (b)
Answer:
(b) Adivasi

Question 9.
Ramabai set up a Mission in 0……… near Pune.
(a) khedgaon
(b) nasik
(c) lonavala
(d) mahabaleshwar
Answer:
(a) khedgaon

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World

Question 10.
Satyarani was a
(a) first engine driver
(b) first commercial pilot
(c) active member of…… women’s Movement
(d) first woman lawyer
Answer:
(c) active member of…… women’s Movement

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who wrote Sultana’s Dream and in which year?
Answer:
Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain wrote Sultana’s Dream and in the year 1905.

Question 2.
Why was Satyarani’s daughter murdered?
Answer:
Satyarani’s daughter was murdered for dowry.

Question 3.
What type of agricultural work women do?
Answer:
The type of agricultural work women do are ploughing, planting, weeding, harvesting and threshing.

Question 4.
What is the percentage of women in India who are engaged in agricultural work?
Answer:
The percentage of women in India who are engaged in agricultural work is 83.6%.

Question 5.
What are the different means of raising awareness among the people?
Answer:
Message can be spread through street plays, songs and public meetings.

Question 6.
Why girls cannot continue their education mostly in rural areas?
Answer:
Girls cannot continue their education mostly in rural areas because of poverty and discrimination.

Question 7.
What reasons led some women to question the situation of women in society?
Answer:
The reasons which led some women to question the situation of women in society are learning to read and write.

Question 8.
In what ways did Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain learn to read and write Bangla and English?
Answer:
Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain learnt to read and write Bangla and English with the support of her elder brother and an elder sister.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World

Question 9.
What do you mean by woman entrepreneur?
Answer:
A woman who takes initiatives, organises and operates a business enterprise is called as woman entrepreneur.

Question 10.
Women’s economic work is underestimated ih different reports in India. Why?
Answer:
Women’s economic work is underestimated in different reports in India because they are mostly employed in unorganised sectors.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In what ways did Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain help the other girls?
Answer:
Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain’s education gave her the power not only to dream and write but also to do more such as to help other girls go to school and to build their own dreams. In 1910, she started a school for girls in Kolkata and till date the school is still functioning.

Question 2.
Government of India conduct census every 10 years. Why?
Answer:
Government of India conduct census every 10 years which counts the whole population of the country. It also gathers detailed information about the people living in India such as their age, schooling, what work they do, where do they live, how many members in the family and so on. This information is used to measure many things like the number of literate people and the ratio of men and women.

Question 3.
Who was Rashsundari Devi and what did she write in her autobiography?
Answer:
Rashsundari Devi was a housewife from a rich landlord’s family. At the age of 60, she wrote her autobiography in Bangla. Her book titled Amar Jiban is the first known autobiography written by an Indian woman. She wrote about her everyday life experiences in details in her autobiography which was written some 200 years ago.

Question 4.
Write a short note on Sultana’s Dream.
Answer:
The story imagined about a woman named Sultana who reaches a place called Ladyland. Ladyland is a place where women had the freedom to study, work, and create inventions and discoveries such as controlling rain V from the clouds and flying air cars etc. In this Ladyland, the men had been sent into seclusion, their aggressive guns and other weapons of war defeated by the brain-power of women. This book was written by Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain at the age of 25 years in 1905.

Question 5.
Who started a mission in Khedgaon near Pune in 1898? What was the mission about and how did it help the women?
Answer:
Ramabai started a Mission in Khedgaon near Pune in 1898 where widows and poor women were encouraged not only to become literate but to be independent. They were taught different skills from carpentry to running a printing press, the skills which are not usually taught to girls even today. Ramabai’s Mission is still active today.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World

Question 6.
Explain the terms Discrimination, Violation and Sexual harassments.
Answer:
Discrimination:
When we do not treat people equally or with respect, we are indulging in discrimination. It generally happens when people or organisations act on their prejudices. Discrimination usually takes place when we treat someone differently or make a distinction or biased with someone.

Violation:
When someone forcefully breaks the law or a mle or openly shows disrespect or doesn’t follow the law, we say that he or she has committed a violation.

Sexual harassment:
It refers to physical or verbal behaviour that is of a sexual nature and against the wishes of a woman. When women are abused as well, we say that she has been harassed.

Question 7.
Brief in short about Rashsundari Devi and her contribution in improving women situation in the society.
Answer:
Rashsundari Devi was bom in West Bengal some 200 years ago. At the age of 60, she wrote her autobiography in Bangla and Amar Jiban is the first known autobiography written by an Indian woman. Rashsundari Devi was a housewife from a rich landlord’s family. At that time, it was believed that if a woman learnt to read and write, she would bring bad luck to her husband and become a widow. Despite this, she taught herself how to read and write in secret, well after her marriage. She led the way that it was superstitions those held women back as not to make them educated.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World

Question 8.
What is the major reason of concern though the literacy rate have increased after independence.
Answer:
It is quite relevant that the literacy rate have increased after independence. According to the 1961 census, about 40 per cent of all boys and men were literate compared to just 15 per cent of all girls and women. In the census of 2001, these figures have grown to 76 per cent for boys and men, and 54 per cent for girls and women. It means that the ratio of both men and women who are now able to read and have at least some amount of schooling has increased. But the major concern is that the percentage of the male group is still higher than the female group. The gap has not gone away. Still there is discrimination between boys and girls in India.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Discuss in brief tbe life history of Laxmi Lakra.
Answer:
Laxmi Lakra :

  • Laxmi Lakra is from a poor tribal family in Jharkhand. She is the first woman engine driver for Northern Railways.
  • Laxmi studied in a government school. She studied hard and did well and then went on to get a diploma in electronics.
  • She then took the railway board exam and passed it on her first attempt. In this way she broke the stereotype that engine drivers could be men only.
  • Laxmi says, ‘I love challenges and the moment somebody says it is not for girls, I make sure I go ahead and do it.’
  • Laxmi has had to do this several times in her life as such instances came many a times ,when she wanted to take electronics; when she rode motorcycles at the polytechnic; when she decided to become an engine driver.

Question 2.
Explain the different ways which women apply to fight discrimination and seek justice.
Answer:
The different ways which women apply to fight discrimination and seek justice:

  • Raising Awareness :
    women work hard to raise awareness on women’s rights issues. They do these through various means such as street plays or nukkad natak, songs, public meetings, etc.
  • Protesting :
    women rise in protest whenever a law or policy acts against the betterment or interest of women by holding public rallies, demonstrations. These are the powerful and substantial methods of drawing attention to injustice which is happening.
  • Campaigning :
    It has led to a new law which has been passed in 2006. This law gives protection to women against dowry solidarity with other women and for their causes and pains.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls

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JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls

JAC Class 7th Civics Growing up as Boys and Girls InText Questions and Answers

Page 45

Question 1.
In what ways do the experiences of Samoan children and teenagers differ from your own experiences of growing up? Is there anything in this experience that you wish was part of your growing up?
Answer:
The experiences of Samoan children and teenagers differ from us is that they did not go to school. They used to do household work and looked after there siblings who were younger to them. Another major activity of the Samoan children were fishing. We cannot think our life without school as a child. We go to school daily and learn many new things from our parents and. teachers. We don’t have much free time as we have to do homework after the school is over. We play in the evening after finishing our school work.

Page 46

Question 2.
Make a drawing of a street or a park in your neighbourhood. Show the different kinds of activities young boys and girls may be engaged in. You could do this individually or in groups.
Answer:
Students need to do it own their own.

Question 3.
Are there as many girls as boys in your drawing? Most probably you would have drawn fewer girls. Can you think of reasons why there are fewer women and girls in your neighbourhood streets, parks and markets in the late evenings or at night?
Answer:
Students need to do it own their own.

Question 4.
Are girls and boys doing different activities? Can you think of reasons why this might be so? What would happen if you replaced the girls with the boys and vice-versa?
Answer:
Students need to do it own their own.

Page 49

Question 5.
Were Harmeet and Shonali correct in saying that Harmeet’s mother did not ‘ work?
Answer:
No, they were not at all correct in saying that Harmeet’s mother did not work. Harmeet’s mother did a lot of work at home and her work was not paid. Hence, they thought that their mother is not working.

Question 6.
What do you think would happen if your mother or those involved in doing the work at home went on a strike for a day?

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls

Answer:
My daily activities and routine will be disturbed. Instead of going to school, I will have to do all household works such as have to prepare lunch, clean the house, etc. Even my father will face the problem as without my mother’s assistance, he can’t do anything.

Question 7.
Why do you think that men and boys generally do not do housework? Do you think they should?
Answer:
Men and boys generally do not do housework because

  • they think that they are meant for outdoor work while females are meant for indoor works,
  • they sometimes also feel that it will be against the norms of the society if they get themselves involved in the household works.

Page 50

Question 8.
What are the total number of work hours spent by women in Haryana and Tamil Nadu each week?

State Haryana Tamil
Women Paid (work hours per week) 23 Nadu
Women Unpaid (housework hours per week) 30 19
Women (Total) 7 35
Men Paid (work hours per week) 38 ?
Men unpaid (house work hours per week) 2 40
Men (Total) ? 4

Answer:
The total number of work hours spent by women in Haryana for each week is 53 hours and in Tamil Nadu, it is 54 horns.

Question 9.
How does this compare with the total number of work hours spent by men?
Answer:
In contrast to this, the total number of work hours spent by men is 40 hours in Haryana and 44 hours in Tamil Nadu.

JAC Class 7th Civics Growing up as Boys and Girls Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Are the statements given below are true or false. Support your answer with the use of an example
(a) All societies do not think similarly about the roles that boys and girls play.
(b) Our society does not make distinctions between boys and girls when they are growing up.
(c) Women who stay at home do not work.
(d) The work that women do is less valued than that of men.
Answer:
(a) True, in most of the societies, the boy’s work is given more importance than the girl’s work.

(b) False, in most of the societies, there is a discrimination among the boys and the girls. Even while at their . growing age, boys are given cars to . play and girls are given dolls. Boys are taught to be tough and serious while girls are taught to be soft and mild.

(c) False, women who stay at home do many household works. They cook food, clean the house, wash the clothes, take* care of the children and old people etc which are very strenuous.

(d) True, most of the women do all household works and care giving tasks which are in continuation and don’t get leave even. Yet, the work that women do are not recognized as work. It is presumed that it is something which comes naturally to women. Hence, they are not to be paid and the work that women do are less valued than that of men.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls

Question 2.
Housework is invisible and unpaid work. Housework is physically demanding. Housework is time consuming. Write in your own words what is meant by the terms ‘invisible’, ‘physically demanding’, and ‘time consuming’? Give one example of each based on the household tasks undertaken by women in your home.
Answer:
Invisible:
The work that is not seen with our eyes. As for example the women does the housework and care-giving task means looking after the children and old people, if. any member is sick than the women has to take care of that person. Apart from this they have to do other works such as cooking, washing, cleaning, etc., which are not recognized and remains invisible.

Physically demanding:
It means very tough and difficult work. As for example inside the home, women do many types of work which require physical strength as well. Fetching water from far-off places and carrying it on their head, head loads of firewood, washing clothes of every member of the house, etc., are very difficult and tough. Still without any complaints, women do it everyday.

Time-consuming:
It means various household work are time taking process. As for example from early morning, women starts their daily routine and it goes till late night. During this time, they are busy in doing different works and fulfilling everyone’s wishes. They also help there children to complete their homeworks and studies which is also very time consuming.

Question 3.
Make a list of toys and games that boys typically play and another for girls. If there is a difference between the two lists, can you think of some reasons why this is so? Does this have any relationship to the roles children have to play as adults?
Answer:
List of toys and games that

Boy Girl
Cars, trucks,

buses, guns,

sword, lions,

tigers, horses,

cricket, football, kabaddi, etc.

 Dolls, Barbie,

houses, kitchen

set, hide and

seek,pittho, etc.

Some of the games are also played by the boys. But, from the above list we can say that there is a difference between the toys with which the boys play and with which the girls play.

Reason:
Our society make a clear distinction between boys and girls from very early age. Boys are taught to be rough and tough and girls to soft and mild. Boys are expected to work in which they can show there manly features and girls to remain in their limits with feminine virtues. Later these factors affect a lot when they grow up as man and woman. It even affects their studies and career as well.

Question 4:
If you have someone working as a domestic help in your house or locality talk to her and find out a little bit more about her life  Who are her family members? Where is her home? How many hours does she work? How much does she get paid? Write a small story based on these details.
Answer:
Jyotsna has been working in our house from many years as a domestic help. She is from Bihar. She lives in Delhi with her family comprising of her husband, father-in-law, mother-in-law, brother- in-law and her two kids. She works in six houses and comes very early in the morning. After completing the morning work in our society, she goes back to her home and then do her own household works and take care of her two kids as they are small.

In the evening, she again comes and the rest of her work in the society. She does her work skillfully and efficiently. She is very polite and hardworking. Due to this reason, she has developed good relations with all her owners where she works. In total, she earn about ? 14#00/- . Everyone helps her when she is in need of anything like doctors, medicines, clothing, etc. Her husband works as a mechanic who also earns well. Hence, Jyotsna leads a happy life with her family.

JAC Class 7thCivics Growing up as Boys and Girls Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The different roles assigned to the boys and girls lead to
(a) It makes them rude.
(b) It prepares them for the future roles as men and women
(c) It prepares them to be scared and afraid
(d) It makes them dull.
Answer:
(b) It prepares them for the future roles as men and women

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls

Question 2.
In the Samoan island, the most important activity for the young people was
(a) fishing
(b) cultivation
(c) hunting
(d) studying
Answer:
(a) fishing

Question 3.
In the Samoan island, the boys joined the older boys as they attain the age of around 9 years for fishing and other activities. The girls at this age were
(a) going to the forest and hunt wild animals
(b) not doing anything
(c) going for fishing and earn money by selling them
(d) looking after small children and do work for the adults till they were the teenagers
Answer:
(d) looking after small children and do work for the adults till they were the teenagers

Question 4.
After the age of fourteen years, the girls were free to do
(a) Ashing trips
(b) learning weaving baskets
(c) plantations
(d) all of the above
Answer:
(d) all of the above

Question 5.
In Madhya Pradesh, the girl’s school were different from the boy’s school. The difference was
(a) girl’s school had shops near the playground
(b) girls school had big trees around  the playground
(c) girl’s school had a central courtyard where they played in total isolation and safety from the outside world
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) girl’s school had a central courtyard where they played in total isolation and safety from the outside world

Question 6.
To play, boys are given cars, bikes and girls the dolls. This shows that
(a) different toys give them variety to play
(b) it becomes a way of telling children that they will have different futures as when they grow up
(c) this tells nothing
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) it becomes a way of telling children that they will have different futures as when they grow up

Question 7.
The child care centres in many villages are known as
(a) Anganwadis
(b) Naari Sudhar Samiti
(c) Bal ashrams
(d) Dharamshalas
Answer:
(a) Anganwadis

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls

Question 8.
The work of men and women are
(a) equally valued
(b) women’s work is more valued than the men’s work
(c) not equally valued
(d) all of the above
Answer:
(c) not equally valued

Question 9.
The girls and boys go to separate school in Madhya Pradesh from
(a) class III onwards
(b) class IV onwards
(c) class V onwards
(d) class VI onwards
Answer:
(d) class VI onwards

Question 10.
Melani was a
(a) factory worker .
(b) domestic worker
(c) shopkepeer
(d) teacher
Answer:
(b) domestic worker

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why domestic worker’s wages are very low?
Answer:
Domestic worker’s wages are very low because there work are less valued as much as other works are valued.

Question 2.
Why do girls like to go to school in group?
Answer:
Girls like to go to school in groups because of fears of being teased or attacked.

Question 3.
What do we teach boys and girls from a very tender age?
Answer:
We teach boys to be tough and girls to talk softly.

Question 4.
Do you think Harmeet and Shonali was correct in saying that Harmeet’s mother did not work?
Answer:
No, Harmeet and Shonali were not correct in saying that Harmeet’s mother did not work.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls

Question 5.
What do you mean by the term Double-burden?
Answer:
The term Double-burden means a double load. This term is generally used to describe the women’s work situation. It has emerged from a recognition that women make great effort both inside the home means household works and outside as well.

Question 6.
What do you mean by the term Identity?
Answer:
I dentity is a sense of self-awareness of who one is. Generally, a person can have several identities. As for example, a person can be a girl, a sister and a musician.

Question 7.
What do you mean by the term Care-giving?
Answer:
Care-giving refers to a series of tasks related to looking after and nurturing. Besides physical tasks, they also involve in a strong emotional and sentimental aspect.

Question 8.
Name some of the social reformers who work in- the field of gender equality and empowerment of women.
Answer:
The social reformers who work in the field of gender equality and empowerment of women are:

  • Raja Ram Mohan Roy
  • Swami Dayanand Saraswati
  • Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What measures to be taken to avoid gender discrimination?
Answer:
The measures to be taken to avoid gender discrimination are

  • awareness program on gender equality should be carried out.
  • the government should make out the reasons and find the solutions.
  • it has to be dealt with thorough actions not just at the individual level or by the family but by the community and the government as well.

Question 2.
Do you think .that men and boys generally do not do housework? Why?
Answer:
Men and boys generally do not do housework because it is assumed that this is something that comes naturally to women. Thus, across the world, the main responsibility for housework and care-giving tasks lies with women.

Question 3.
‘The work women do is strenuous and physically demanding.’ Why?
Answer:
Tasks like washing clothes, cleaning, sweeping and picking up loads require bending, lifting and carrying. Many household chores such as cooking, involve standing for long hours in front of hot stoves. Hence, the work women do is strenuous and physically demanding.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls

Question 4.
What do you mean by the term De-valued?
Answer:
A person feels de-valued when someone is not given due recognition for a task or job they have done. As for example, if a boy has put in a lot of effort into making a special birthday gift for his friend and this friend does not say anything about this, then the boy may feel de-valued.

Question 5.
Why Harmeet think that her mother did not work?
Answer:
The main responsibility for housework and care-giving tasks such as looking after the family,especially children, the elderly and sick members, lies with women. The work that women do within the home is not recognised as work, ft is also assumed that this is something that comes naturally to women. Hence, does not have to be paid for. And that is why Harmeet thinks that her mother did not work.

Question 6. What role was assigned to young boys and girls in the Samoan Islands?
Answer:
Roles assigned to young boys and girls in the Samoan Islands are:

  • Both boys and girls have to look after their younger siblings.
  • But by the time a boy attains the age of about nine years, he joined the older boys in learning outdoor jobs such as fishing and planting coconuts.
  • After the age of fourteen or so girls also went on fishing trips, worked in the plantations and leamt how to weave baskets.
  • Boys were supposed to do most of the work in cooking while girls helped with the preparations in special cooking houses.

Question 7.
Explain the initiatives taken by the gover’nment to promote equality between the male or female.
Answer:
Government recognises that burden of child-care and housework falls on women and girls. This naturally has an impact on whether girls can attend school or not. It determines whether women can work outside the house and what kind of jobs and careers they can have. The government has set up anganwadis or child-care centres in several villages in the country. The government has passed laws that make it mandatory for organisations that have more than 30 women employees to provide creche facilities. The provision of creches helps many women to take up employment outside the home. It also makes it possible for more girls to attend schools.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls

Question 8.
List any three major points of discrimination against girls and women in India.
Answer:
Three major points of discrimination against girls and women in India are:

  • Girls and women receive less health care facilities than men.
  • Women’s work is less valued though they work hard in society.
  • In rural regions, girls are given less education as compared to boys. They are forced to stay at home and help in household works.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Growing up in Samoa was different from other societies in the 1920s. How?
Answer:
Growing up in Samoa was different from other societies in the 1920s as:

  • In the 1920s, according to research reports on Samoan society, children did not go to school.
  • They leamt many things, such as how to take care of children or do household work from older children and from adults.

Fishing was a very important activity on the islands. Young people learnt to undertake long fishing expeditions. But they learnt these things at different points in their childhood. Both boys and girls looked after their younger siblings. But, by the time a boy attains the age of about nine years, he joined the older boys in learning outdoor jobs such as fishing and planting coconuts.

Girls had to continue looking after small children or do works for adults till they were teenagers. But once they became teenagers they had much more freedom. After the age of fourteen or so, girls also went on fishing trips, worked in the plantations and leamt how to weave baskets. Boys were supposed to do most of the work in cooking while girls helped with the preparations and it was done in special cooking-houses.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works

by

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works

JAC Class 7th Civics How the State Government Works InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is happening in Patalpuram?
Answer:
Patalpuram is facing a problem of severe water crisis. People are drinking unclean water as they have no other choice. Hence, they are becoming ill and having diarrhoea. Children are the most affected in this situation.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works

Question 2.
Why is this problem serious?
Answer:
This problem is serious because a large number of people are facing the problem of serious and acute diarrhoea and many people died from this disease as well. Thus, it is important to take necessary steps to bring the situation under control immediately.

Question 3.
What action do you think can be taken in the above situation and who do you think should take this action? Discuss.
Answer:
Clean drinking water should be supplied to the people of Patalpuram. The MLA and the government should be responsible enough to take this action.

Page 32

Question 4.
Discuss the following terms with your teacher public meeting, States in India, constituency, majority, ruling party and opposition.
Answer:
Public meeting :
Public meetings are the assembly of general people in which they are made to know about the current problems faced by the people in general. States

In India:
India is divided into many units and parts with well defined boundaries. These parts or units are known as States in India.

Constituency :
Constituency is the area from where the eligible voters can cast their vote to elect their representative or leader.

Majority :
A political party whose MLAs have won more than half the number seats or constituencies in a state is said to be in majority.

Ruling party:
The party which has the majority is often known as the ruling party.

Opposition:
The elected representatives who are not from the ruling party are known as the opposition. The people can question the government’s decisions and actions. They can also raise new and concerned issues for the benefit of the people.

Question 5.
Can you explain the following terms majority, ruling party, opposition with reference to your state?
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own with ine ‘ne’ip oi teacher.

Page 33

Question 6.
Construct a table, similar to the one given for Himachal Pradesh, for your state.
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own with the help of teacher.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works

Question 7.
At times, the ruling party may not be a single party but a group of parties working together. This is called a coalition. Discuss with your teacher.
Answer:
The coalition is formed when two or more parties come together and elect their leader. The state Governor appoints their leader as the Chief Minister. The coalition parties prepare the Common Minimum Programme and present it during the period for which the coalition is formed.

Page 35

Question 8.
Can you identify the MLAs of the ruling party and the opposition in the illustration? Colour the ruling party in one colour and the opposition in another.
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own.

Page 1

Question 9.
What were the main arguments put forward by different MLAs who thought that th§ government was not taking the situation in a serious manner?
Answer:
MLA1:
He belongs to the Akhandagaon constituency. In last three weeks, several people died due to diarrhoea. He is very sad and upset that the government has not been able to check the situation although they proclaim that they are doing it.

MLA2:
He wants to know why the government hospitals are in bad conditions. We a’iso as’ks tiie government that how it plans to deal with this situation which is badly affecting the common people.

MLA3:
The Tolpatti constituency which he represents is facing shortage of water. Women had to fetch water from far away. He wants to know from the government that what actions are taken to clean and disinfect the wells and ponds.

Question 10.
If you were the health minister, how would you respond to the above discussion?
Answer:
If I were the health minister, I would promptly respond to the above discussion. I would have put mobile vans with equipments with doctors, nurses and health Workers into service for the ill people.

Question 11:
Do you think the above debate would have been useful in some ways? How? Discuss.
Answer:
Yes, the above debate would have been useful. It has highlighted many issues concerning about the public health and their solutions are sorted out in the minimum time.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works

Question 12.
In the working of the government, explain the difference between being an MLA and an MLA who is also a minister.
Answer:
An MLA is only responsible for the development of his constituency whereas, an MLA who is a minister
also has to do dual responsibilities. He is accountable for the entire state as well for his constituency also.

Page 37

Question 13.
Write two measures that the government undertook for controlling diarrhoea. The two measures that the government undertook for controlling diarrhoea are:

  • To every village, there should be supply of water through tanker trucks.
  • Creating awareness through different campaigns in order to inform people about the measures to prevent diarrhoea.

Question 4.
What is the purpose of a press conference? How does the press conference help you get information on what the government is doing?
Answer:
The purpose of the press conference is to ask questions on a particular issues about the steps taken and hear about the same. The data collected by press conference is printed in newspaper and magazines for the common people. Such conference also create a public opinion about the issue.

Page 1

Question 15.
Find out with the help of your teacher, the work done by the government departments mentioned and fill in the table.
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own

Page 40

Question 16.
Do a similar wallpaper project about any issue connected with the working of your State Government like an education programme, any law and order issue, midday meal scheme, etc.
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own.

JAC Class 7th Civics How the State Government Works Textbook Questions and Answers

Page 41

Question 1.
Use the terms ‘constituency’ and ‘represent’ to explain who an MLA is and how is the person elected?
Answer:
A state is divided into many regions known as constituencies on the basis of the population. For the Legislative Assembly, one representative is elected from every constituency and that person represents that constituency. That person is known as the Member of Legislative Assembly or MLA. Through general election, an MLA is elected. That person can be an independent or a member of a particular political party. The person who gets the maximum votes or wins the election becomes the MLA of that constituency.

Question 2.
How did some MLAs become Ministers? Explain.
Answer:
Some MLAs become Ministers as:

  • The party which is elected in majority or wins the election for the Legislative Assembly forms the government.
  • According to the constitutional norms, the ruling party elects its leader who is known as the Chief Minister, who heads the government.
  • The Chief Minister constitutes a cabinet which includes members of his party as ministers.
  • The MLAs who become the ministers are allotted with a portfolio or department of work.
  • Hence, the MLAs turned ministers become responsible for the entire state of that particular department.

Question 3.
Why should decisions taken by the Chief Minister and other ministers be debated in the Legislative Assembly?
Answer:
The decisions taken by the Chief Minister and other ministers are debated in the Legislative Assembly because at the time of debate it is discussed that whether the steps or decisions taken are in the interest of the common people or not. It is also discussed that whether it is urgent and important or not. Depending upon this they discuss how much would the cost incur of the government. They also see that anything objectionable is there for any particular community or not.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works

Question 4.
What was the problem in Patalpuram? What discussion/ action was taken by the following? Fill in the table. Public Metting Legislative Assembly Press conference Chief Minister.
Answer:
Patalpuram was facing shortage of water.

Public’ Meeting Reprimanded and showed complete disapproval to the government and also showed protest, their demand were kept in front of the government.
Legislative Auembli Discussed the problems and issues and decided the actions and steps which are to be taken.
Press Conference The plan of action which was initiated by the government was presented by the Health Minister.
Chief Minister Announced the compensation to the affected family, also visited the village of Patalpuram. Clearly mentioned the future actions and steps to be taken to solve the problem.

Question 5.
What is the difference between the work that MLAs do in the Assembly and the work done by government departments?
Answer:
The difference between the work that MLAs do in the Assembly and the work done by government departments are that eveiy department is headed by the Minister who is also an MLA. Any work done or proposed by the department is approved by the minister. For the completion of work, the department is responsible whereas, the minister or MLA coordinate and synchronize between the Assembly and the departments.

JAC Class 7thCivics How the State Government Works Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The multi-level system of government is called
(a) Unitary
(b) Federal
(c) Dictatorship
(d) Monarchy
Answer:
(b) Federal

Question 2.
The MLAs represent
(a) people
(b) technology
(c) themselves
(d) only the poor and the old
Answer:
(a) people

Question 3.
The state in India which has the highest number of constituencies is
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Kerala
(d) Maharashtra
Answer:
(a) Uttar Pradesh

Question 4.
The party or the coalition of parties that wins the election with more than half of the total number of constituencies in a state is called to be in a
(a) minority
(b) profit
(c) majority
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) majority

Question 5.
All the parties that failed to get the majority in the election are together are said to the
(a) majority
(b) opposition
(c) minority
(d) loss
Answer:
(b) opposition

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works

Question 6.
The leader of the ruling party who is the head of the state as well of the country is known as
(a) Prime Minister
(b) MP
(c) MLA
(d) Chief Minister
Answer:
(d) Chief Minister

Question 7.
Legislative Assembly is also known as
(a) Vidhan Sabha
(b) Vidhan Parishad
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Lok Sabha
Answer:
(a) Vidhan Sabha

Question 8.
The Chief Minister is appointed by the
(a) President
(b) Prime Minister
(c) Governor of the state
(d) Any of the above
Answer:
(c) Governor of the state

Question 9.
The Governor of the state is appointed by the
(a) Prime Minister
(b) Supreme Court Judges
(c) High Court Judges
(d) President
Answer:
(d) President

Question 10.
The gives information to the people which acts as a link between the government and the people.
(a) Press conference
(b) Debates
(c) Mass media
(d) Mass distribution
Answer:
(c) Mass media

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which institution makes laws at the central or national level?
Answer:
The Parliament makes laws at the central or national level.

Question 2.
What is the urban local government known as?
Answer:
The urban local government is known as the Municipal Corporation.

Question 3.
Who gives the approval to the ministers to take certain decisions for the common people?
Answer:
Legislative Assembly gives the approval to the ministers to take certain decisions for the common people.

Question 4.
Does the Member of the Legislative Assembly elected by the people?
Answer:
Yes, the Member of the Legislative Assembly are elected by the people.

Question 5.
How many levels of government are there? Name them.
Answer:
There are three levels of Government present. The three levels are local, state and national.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works

Question 6.
For what reason the governor of state is appointed?
Answer:
Governor of state is appointed to make sure that the State Government works

  • Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP)
  • Indian National Congress (INC)

Question 7.
What is wallpaper project?
Answer:
Wallpaper project is an interesting activity through which research can be done on particular topics of interest.

Question 8.
What do you understand by the Election Commission?
Answer:
Election Commission is an independent association or body in which the whole process of the election in our country is conducted, controlled and supervised.

Question 9.
What are the two main functions of Election Commission?
Answer:
The two main functions of Election Commission are :

  • to recognize all the political parties.
  • to allot symbols to the political parties and to independent candidates who are also contesting the election.

Question 10.
Name the two houses of state legislature in India.
Answer:
The two houses of state legislature in India are:
Legislative Assembly or Vidhan Sabha Legislative Council or Vidhan Parishad

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define political party. Name at least two national political parties in India.
Answer:
A political organisation that follows a particular ideology and seeks to attain the political power of the state as well as of the nation is known as the political party. Two national political parties in India are

Question 2.
List four features of electoral system of India.
Answer:
Four features of electoral system of India are:

  • Single member constituency
  • Joint electorate
  • Adult franchise
  • Election petition within the rules and regulations of the Constitution.

Question 3.
What do you understand by constituency?
Answer:
Constituency is a particular area or place from which all the voters living there choose their representatives. This could be such as a panchayat ward or an area that chooses an MLA.

Question 4.
How does a government function in a state?
Answer:
The people elect their representatives as Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) in the democracy, thus, it is the people who have the main authority. The ruling party members who wins the election then form the government and some members are appointed as ministers. These ministers are in charge of various departments of the government such as health, transport, etc. Whatever work is done by these departments has to be approved by the members of the legislative assembly.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works

Question 5.
In India, what are the qualifications and the disqualifications of a voter?
Answer:
In India, the qualifications and the disqualifications of a voter are:
Question ualification: according to the law, a voter must

  • be a citizen
  • have attained the age of 18 years and above.

Disqualification: according to the law, a voter must not

  • be bankrupt, traitor to the country
  • be insane person
  • been convicted for any serious crime.

Question 6.
In what ways do the people in power like the chief minister and the minister take action?
Answer:
The people in power like the chief minister and the minister take action through various departments like the Public Works Department, the Agriculture Department, the Health Department, the Education Department and so on. They also have to answer questions that are asked in the Legislative Assembly and convince people asking the questions that proper steps are being taken. At the same time, newspapers and the media widely discuss the issue and the government has to respond, for example, by holding the press conferences.

Question 7.
What do you understand by debate?
Answer:
A discussion held in the Assembly to discuss current and important problems is known as the debate. During debate, the MLAs can express their views and ask questions related to the problems and issues. They could even give suggestions about what should be done by the government for the betterment of the people. The ministers then replies to the questions asked and give assurance to the Assembly that proper steps are being taken.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works

Question 8.
Distinguish between By-election and Mid-term election.
Answer:

By-eieetion Mid- term eieetion
Before the completion of the tenure of the house, if the member of the parliament, state legislative assembly dies or resigns from his constituency then the election which takes place again is known as the byelection. Before the completion of the tenure of 5 years, sometimes the president dissolves the government of the state on the advice of the Prime minister. Then the fresh elections are held. This type of election is known as the mid-term election.

Question 9.
What were the ways by which the people of Patalpuram adopt to put their grievances?
Answer:
The people of Patalpuram organised a rally and gheraos of the MLAs residence. Their leader who was the member of the opposition party demanded loudly that the action and steps should be taken immediately and to bring the public health situation under control.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the process of emergence and development of government in a state.
Answer:
In India, every state has a Legislative Assembly. Each state is divided into different areas or constituencies. From each constituency, the people elect one representative who then becomes a Member of the Legislative Assembly or better known as MLA. People stand for elections in the name of different political parties. These MLAs belong to different political parties. Apolitical party whose MLAs have won more than half the number of constituencies in a state are said to be in a majority. The political party that has the majority forms the government.

In case no party gains the majority then in that case the party with maximum elected members tries to get support from different parties or candidates. The party that proves to have maximum supporters is allowed to form the government which is also known as the coalition government. If no party proves the majority then there would be reelection.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health

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JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health

JAC Class 7th CivicsRole of the Government in Health InText Questions and Answers

Page 19

Question 1.
Would you associate all or some of these pictures with ‘health’ ? In what ways? Discuss in groups.
Answer:
Students need to do it by themselves.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health

Question 2.
Pick two situations from the collage that are not related to illness and write two sentences on how they are related to health.
Students need to do it by themselves.

Question 3.
Can you provide a title to these columns?
Answer:
The titles can be:

  • Advancement in Health Care
  • Health situation in India

Question 4.
In India, it is often said that we are unable to provide health services for all because the government does not have enough money and facilities. After reading the above left hand column, do you think this is true? Discuss.
Answer:
No, it is not true because after reading the left hand side column, we came to know the following things:

  • Healthcare have grown significantly over the years.
  • India has the largest number of medical colleges in the world.
  • India is among the largest numbers of doctors.
  • India is the fourth largest producers of the medicines in the world.
  • India gets large number of medical tourists for many countries.

Page 21

Question 5.
Read the story given refer NCERT page-21. Then imagine that you are a Judge in the court. What would you say to Hakim Sheik?
Answer:
Being a Judge, I would try to give a fair judgment. He would be granted his due compensation and the doctors and the hospitals who denied to admit him and do the treatment would be given punishments.

Page 21

The story of Hakim Seikh Hakim Seikh was a member of the Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity (PBKMS), an organisation of agricultural labourers in West Bengal. One evening in 1992, he accidentally fell off a running train and suffered head injuries. He was in a very serious condition and needed immediate treatment. He was taken to a government hospital in Kolkata but they refused to admit him because they did not have a spare bed.Another hospital did not have the facility or the specialised doctors necessary for his treatment. I

n this way he spent 14 hours in a critical state and was taken to eight different government hospitals, but none of them admitted him. Finally, he was admitted in a private hospital, where he received treatment. He spent a lot of money oy his treatment.Angry and upset over the indifferent attitude of all the hospitals that refused to admit him, Hakim Seikh and PBKMS filed a case in the court.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health

Question 6.
Read the story given above. Then imagine that you are a Judge in the court. What would you say to Hakim Seikh?
Answer:
I would pronounce the judgement with due compensation to Hakim Seikh. I would also heavily fine the delinquent hospitals as deterrent punishment for dereliction of duty.

Page 24

Question 7.
Where do you go when you are ill? Are there any problems that you face? Write a paragraph based on your experience.
Ans:
I go to a private hospital or clinic. I prefer it because there is no rush. Doctors give attention to the patients immediately. We get all the services in one place only. Apart from this, the private clinics are neat and clean also. Problems to be face:

  • Non-availability of expert doctors on the spot-.
  • High cost of treatment.
  • No proper guidance and information.

Question 8.
Why did Ranjan have to spend so much money? Give reasons.
Answer:
Ranjan have to spend, so much money because his father took him to a private hospital and got a quick treatment as they are from a well to do family.

Question 9.
What problems did Aman face in the Government hospital? How do you think the hospital can work in a better manner? Discuss.
Answer:
In the public hospital, people always get long queues to wait for their turn. Hence, Aman also had to wait for his turn at the OPD section. He leaned on his father as he was feeling very sick. There turn came after a long wait and the doctor asked to do some blood tests. For blood tests also there was a long queue. They got the test results after three days.Again they visited the doctor but another doctor was on duty on that day and he prescribed the medicines.

In order to avoid these type of situations, there should be more qualified and experienced doctors and medically trained person. Facilities should be improved so that the people get the results little early. More branches of healthcare services should be provided. More mobile clinic should also be opened.

Question 10
What problems do we face in private hospitals? Discuss.
Answer:
In private hospitals we have to spend much more than the public hospitals. We have to buy the medicines from outside which the doctor will prescribe. Most of the time its mandatory to avail the facilities provided by hospital which is costlier then the outside market. Sometimes, some unnecessary tests and medicines are also given for their own profit which is not necessary for the patient.

Page 25

Question 11.
In what ways is the public health system meant for everyone?
Answer:
Public hospitals and health centres have been established by the government to provide healthcare to all citizens. The taxes we pay to the government are used to run these services. Hence, such facilities are meant for every citizen.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health

Question 12.
List some Public Health Centres (PHCs) or hospitals near your place. From your experience (or by visiting any one of them), find out the facilities provided and people who run the centre.
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own.

Page 26

Question 13.
How can health care be made more affordable? Discuss.
Answer:
The different ways through which we can make healthcare affordable for all are:

  • Opening more numbers of hospitals, healthcare centres, dispensaries and family welfare centres.
  • Organizing more camps for the prevention of spreading of diseases such as pulse polio.
  • To provide cheaper health services and little early to the poor people.
  • Free camps for check up of general public should be increased.
  • Among common people, spreading
  • health awareness through different means.
  • Provisions should be made to deal with unwanted situations like emergency, epidemics and pandemics.

Question 14.
Private health facilities can mean many things. Explain with the help of some examples from your area.
Answer:
Private health facilities can mean many things’. Now a days these hospitals are run by big companies. Such companies
run several businesses associated with these centres such as the facilities of pathology, laboratory, medicines, etc.

JAC Class 7th Civics Role of the Government in Health Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In this chapter you have read that health is a wider concept than illness. Look at this quote from the Constitution and explain the terms ‘living standard’ and ‘public health’ in your own words.
Answer:
Living standard :
it means the standard of living of people at which they live provided by the family or government. It also refers to the status earned by the people. It means that if they are having all comforts of life and live in a hygienic conditions then there standard of living is quite good. Whereas, if the person is not having all the necessary things for the day to day life, bound to live in a filthy and dirty place, drink polluted water and eat unhygienic foods, it means they have a low standard of living.

Public health:
it refers to the health of the general public of the country. It also refers to the-provision of quality healthcare services by the government either free or at low cost.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health

Question 2.
What are the different ways through which the government can take steps to provide healthcare for all? Discuss.
Answer:
The different ways through which the government can take steps to provide healthcare for all are:

  • Opening more numbers of hospitals, healthcare centres, dispensaries and family welfare centres.
  • Organizing more camps for the prevention of spreading of diseases such as pulse polio.
  • To provide cheaper health services and little early to the poor people.
  • Free camps for check up of general public should be increased.
  • Among common people, spreading health awareness through different means.
  • Provisions should be made to deal with unwanted situations like emergency, epidemics and pandemics.

Question 3.
What differences do you find between private and public health services in your area? Use the following table to compare and contrast these.

Facility Affordability Availability Quality
Private
Public

Answer:

Facility Affordability Availability Question uality
Private Expensive, very high Available Good quality
Public Either free or at low cost Services are available but it takes long time. There is always a rush in these hospitals.

Question 4.
‘Improvement in water and sanitation can control many diseases.’ Explain with the help of examples.
Answer:
The basic necessities for the maintenance of our health are water and sanitation. Poor quality of water causes many health issues such as dysentery, malaria, cholera, diarrhoea, jaundice. Similarly, poor sanitation causes many epidemics and diseases such as plague, dengue. Hence, improvement in water and sanitation can control many diseases. We can do simple things to achieve this such as keeping the water coolers dry, not to store water in pots, change waters in coolers, etc.

JAC Class 7thCivics Role of the Government in Health Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The expected role of government is
(a) Polluting environment
(b) Having clean and pollution free environment
(c) Allowing people to litter around
(d) Providing filthy drinking waters to the people of the country
Answer:
(b) Having clean and pollution free environment

Question 2.
The water borne disease/s is/are
(a) Hepatitis
(b) Worms
(c) Diarrhoea
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health

Question 3.
India is the ……. largest producer of medicines in the world and also a large exporter of medicines,
(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Fourth
Answer:
(d) Fourth

Question 4.
Our country has the money, knowledge and people with experience but cannot make the necessary healthcare available to all its citizens such a situation is known as
(a) Paradox: Something that is contrary .to what would be expected.
(b) Healthy: Free of illness, injury and mental strain.
(c) Mundane: Boring situation.
(d) Personification: Figure of speech
Answer:
(a) Paradox: Something that is contrary .to what would be expected.

Question 5.
RMPs are
(a) Rural Medicine Property
(b) Registered Medical Property
(c) Registered Medical Practitioners
(d) Rural Multiplex Property
Answer:
(c) Registered Medical Practitioners

Question 6.
Costa Rica became a healthy country by using
(a) The money they save by not having an army but spending it on health services and facilities.
(b) Because they only eat vegetarian food
(c) The money they spend on their animals
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) The money they save by not having an army but spending it on health services and facilities.

Question 7.
The healthiest country/ies in South America is/are
(a) Argentina
(b) Chile
(c) Costa Rica
(d) All of these
Answer:
(c) Costa Rica

Question 8.
One of the major function of public healthcare system is to prevent the spread of dangerous diseases such as TB, malaria, jaundice, cholera, diarrhoea etc. and it is possible when
Answer:
(a) all work is done by the people of the country
(b) the government and the people . work together to achieve this common goal
(c) everything is done by the private sectors
(d) all the work is done by the government
Answer:
(b) the government and the people . work together to achieve this common goal

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health

Question 9.
Health concerns of are generally ignored.
(a) Men
(b) Women
(c) Children
(d) both (b) and (c)
Answer:
(b) Women

Question 10.
OPD means
(a) Out Patient Department
(b) Ordinary Public Department
(c) Other Patient Department
(d) Other Public Department
Answer:
(a) Out Patient Department

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which state of India guarantee the Right to Healthat first?
Answer:
Assam is the first state of India to guarantee the Right to Health.

Question 2.
What is the percentage of water borne communicable diseases?
Answer:
The percentage of water borne communicable diseases is 21%.

Question 3.
Name one communicable disease.
Answer:
T.B. or tuberculosis is one of the communicable disease.

Question 4.
Name the organisation which is responsible for healthcare policy making in India.
Answer:
The organisation which is responsible for healthcare policy making in India is The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health

Question 5.
Write the full form of UNICEF and WHO.
Answer:
The full form of
UNICEF: UnitedNations International Children’s Emergency Fund.
WHO: World Health Organisation

Question 6.
Who runs public healthcare system?
Answer:
Government runs public healthcare system.

Question 7.
In what kind of hospitals patients see long standing queues?
Answer:
Patients and p’eople generally see long standing queues in public and government hospitals.

Question 8.
What do you mean by communicable diseases?
Answer:
Communicable diseases are diseases that are spread from one person to another in several ways such as through water, food, air, etc.

Question 9.
What do you mean by health?
Answer:
Health means leading a good and happy life without mental strain and being active, in positive spirit. Above all, ability to remain free from illness and injuries.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health

Question 10.
Where are private health services available?
Answer:
Private health services are available in urban areas.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who are medical tourists?
Answer:
Medical tourists are the foreigners who come to this country especially for medical treatment at hospitals that offer world-class facilities at a lower cost than what they would have to pay in their own countries.

Question 2.
What is the work of village health workers?
Answer:
There are health centres in the villages where there is usually a nurse and a village health worker. They are trained in dealing with common illnesses and work under the supervision and observation of doctors at the Primary Health Centre (PHC).

Question 3.
What measures can we take to prevent and treat illnesses?
Answer:
The measures we can take to prevent and treat illnesses is that we need appropriate healthcare facilities such as health centres, hospitals, laboratories for testing, ambulance services, blood banks, etc., that can provide the required care and services that patients need in time of emergency.

Question 4.
Government hospitals are less costly and expensive than the private hospitals. Why?
Answer:
Government hospitals are less costly and expensive than the private hospitals because government uses the money which we pay as tax for providing many public health services for the benefit of all citizens. Whereas, the private health services are run for their own profit and the cost of these services are very high.

Question 5.
Do you think poor people fall ill more? If so, why?
Answer:
The poor people are undernourished. These families do not get enough food to eat. They are not provided with the basic necessities such as drinking water, proper housing, neat and clean surroundings, etc. and hence are more likely to fall ill. The expenses on illness make their situation even worse.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health

Question 6.
What is medical ethics?
Answer:
Medical ethics means the value that guide and steer medical professionals. These values refers to the justice, honesty, dignity of work practised by the medical professionals.

Question 7.
What do you mean by health insurance?
Answer:
A policy taken by a person in which the insurance company agrees to pay a fixed and specified amount for medical expenses in case of illness or injury in lieu of a regular premium to the insurance company is known as health insurance.

Question 8.
Do you think sufficient and adequate healthcare available to all? Justify.
Answer:
No, sufficient and adequate healthcare is not available- to all. In India, we are facing a situation where private services are rising and increasing but public services are not. Majorly private services are available and that too are concentrated in urban areas. As these services are expensive, many people cannot afford them or have to borrow money when there is an illness in the family.

Women are not taken to a doctor until and unless the matter triggers as women’s health concerns are considered to be less important and valuable than the health of men in the family. Many tribal areas have few health centres and they do not run properly. Even private health services are not available there.

Question 9.
Discuss the positive features of healthcare in India.
Answer:
Positive features of healthcare in India are:

  • India has the largest number of medical colleges in the world and is among the largest producers of doctors.
  • Healthcare facilities have grown substantially and significantly over the years. In 1991, there were 11,174 hospitals but in 2000, the number grew to 18,218.
  • India is the fourth largest producer of medicines in the world and is also a large exporter of medicines.
  • India gets a large number of medical tourists from many countries. In
  • India, they come for treatment in some of the hospitals which compare with the best in the world.

Question 10.
What is the work or functions of Medical Council of India?
Answer:
The work or functions of Medical Council of India are as follows:

  • Registering the medical professionals or practitioners.
  • Granting acknowledgement and recognition of medical qualification.
  • Monitoring the medical practice in the country.
  • Maintaining uniform and good standards of medical education in India.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
We should pay taxes to the government. Why?
Answer:
We should pay taxes to the government because:

  • Government uses the tax money for providing many public services such as for healthcare, defence, police, judicial system, highways, etc. for i
    the benefit of all citizens.
  • Taxes fund developmental programmes and services such as education, health care, employment, social welfare, vocational training, etc. required for needy and the disadvantaged citizens.
  • Tax money is utilised for relief and rehabilitation in case of natural disasters such as flood, epidemic, drought.
  • Space, nuclear and missile programmes are also funded from the revenues collected as the taxes from the citizens.
  • Government provides some services especially for the poor who cannot afford to purchase them from the market.
  • In healthcare system as well medicines and other facilities are in the government hospitals. This is done by the revenues which are collected from tax.

Question 2.
Distinguish between public health services and private health services.
Answer:
The difference between public health services and private health services are:

Public health services Private health sen ices
The public health . service is a series of health centres and hospitals run by the government. Private health services are not owned or controlled by the government. It runs privately.
It is meant to provide quality healthcare services either free or at a low cost so that even the poor can get proper treatment. These services are run for profit, the cost of these services is very high and expensive.
Public health services are present in rural as well as in urban areas. Private health services are concentrated mainly in urban areas.
Patients usually have to wait in long queues in public hospita People do not face such problem in private hospitals.

Question 3.
Discuss the healthcare policy of Kerala government in 1996. Did they succeeded fully?
Answer:
The healthcare policy of Kerala government in 1996 were as follows:

  • Forty per cent of the entire state budget was given to panchayats so that they could plan and provide for their requirements.
  • Now the villages could make sure proper planning for water, food, women’s development and education.
  • This meant that water supply . schemes were checked, the working . of schools and anganwadis were
    ensured and specific problems of the village were taken up.
  • Health centres were also improved. No they didn’t succeeded fully though the situation improved a lot. There were loopholes such as shortage of medicines, hospital beds and less number of doctors and workers.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 On Equality

by

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 On Equality

JAC Class 7th Civics On Equality InText Questions and Answers

Page 6

Question 1.
Do you think Kanta has enough reason to doubt whether she really is equal? List three reasons from the story above that might make her feel like this.
Answer:
Yes, Kanta has enough reason to doubt whether she really is equal. The three reasons from the story above that might make her feel like this are as follows : Kanta cannot take a leave from work when she needs to as she required money to take her daughter to the doctor. She cannot attend a private hospital but has to attend a government hospital. She needs to stand in a queue and wait for her turn to come to show her daughter to the doctor who was very ill. She lives in a slum area which is never cleaned.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 On Equality

Page 7

Question 2.
Circle the reference to caste in the matrimonial advertisements given below.
JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 On Equality 1
Answer:
The references are Caste no bar. SC/ST excuse Gupta boy Tamil Brahmin

Page 8

Question 3.
Why do you think Omprakash Valmiki was being treated unequally by his teacher and his classmates? Imagine yourself as Omprakash Valmiki and write four lines about how you would feel if you were in the same situation as him.
Answer:
Omprakash Valmiki was being treated unequally by his teacher and his classmates because he was from lower caste or we can say a dalit boy.If I were in the same situation as him, I would have : Felt very humiliated and sad. As every human beings have the right to live a life with dignity, there my dignity would have been violated. Felt very disappointed and questioned my identity. Since we are dalits, they made us feel that we have no access to education.

Question 4.
Why do you think the Ansaris were being treated unequally? What would you do if you were in the Ansaris’ position and could not find a place to live because some people did not want to live next to you because of the religion you practice?
Answer:
The Ansaris were being treated unequally because they were of different religion. If I were in the Ansari’s position then I would have stood for my religion and make them understand the ethics and values. Would have made them understand that all religions lead to one God only.

Page 9

Question 5.
If you were one of the Ansaris how would you have responded to the suggestion that you change your name?
Answer:
If I were one of the Ansaris then I would have decided not to change the name. The decision to change the name would hurt my self respect and its very insulting as well.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 On Equality

Question 6.
Can you think of an incident in your life in which your dignity was violated? How did this make you feel?
Answer:
Students need to answer on their own.

Page 11

Question 7.
What is the midday meal programme? Can you list three benefits of the programme? How do you think this programme might help promote greater equality?
Answer:
The midday meal programme is a scheme made by the government and launched on 15th August, 1995. This programme has been introduced in all government elementary schools to provide children with cooked lunch. Three benefits of the programme :

  • The scheme helped to improve the attendance of children. Their mothers who earlier had to come back to home from their work to feed their children now no longer need to do so.
  • More underprivileged children have begun to enrolling and regularly attending school.
  • This scheme has also helped reduce caste prejudices because both lower and upper caste children in the school eat this midday meal together.
  • I don’t think that this programme would be more effective. Huge differences can be seen between schools that the rich attend and those that the poor attends. Inequalities still exist. But then also, this programme proved to be a one step ahead in the direction of establishing equality in the country.

Question 8.
Find out about one government scheme in your area. What does this scheme do? Whom is this scheme set up to benefit?
Answer:
Students need to do it on their own

JAC Class 7th Civics On Equality Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In a democracy why is universal adult franchise important?
Answer:
In a democracy, Universal Adult Franchise is important because every citizen of a country is equal in democracy and Universal Adult Franchise is based on equality. Under Universal Adult Franchise every adult person is allowed to vote irrespective of caste, creed, religion, sex, etc.

Question 2.
Re-read the box on Article 15 and state two ways in which this Article addresses inequality.
Answer:
F.xcerpt from Article 15 of the N Indian Constitution Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.

(1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them, be subject to any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard to

(a) access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment;
or
(b) the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of State funds or dedicated to the use of the general public. This article addresses inequality in terms of

  1. Access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and place of public entertainment.
  2. the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of State funds or dedicated to the use of the general public.

Question 3.
In what ways was Omprakash Valmiki’s experience similar to that of the Ansaris?
Answer:
Omprakash Valmiki’s experience is similar to that of the Ansaris as both of them were discriminated and humiliated. Both of them faced violation of dignity. While Omprakash Valmiki has to clean and sweep the school since he was a dalit boy, Ansaris were denied the apartments on rent due to their religion.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 On Equality

Question 4.
What do you understand by the term “all persons are equal before the law”? Why do you think it is important in a democracy?
Answer:
The term “all persons are equal before the law” means that all person should be treated equally. Every person from President of the -country to a domestic servant has to obey the same law. No one can be discriminated or feel biased against on the basis of their caste, creed, sex, religion, etc. Every person has the access to all public places such as playgrounds, hotels, markets and shops.

Apart from these, every person can use publicly available roads, wells, bathing ghats, etc.In democracy, equality is the main ingredient. Democracy is a form of government which gives equal rights, importance and recognition to all. Democracy would never happen and flourish if inequalities continues to exist. It will perish soon.

Question 5.
According to the Rights of Person with Disabilities Act, 2016, persons with disabilities have equal rights, and that the government should make possible their full participation in society, The government has to provide free education and integrate children with disabilities into mainstream schools. This law also states that all public places including buildings, schools, etc., should be accessible and provided with ramps.

Look at the photograph and think about the boy who is being carried down the stairs. Do you think the above law is being implemented in his case? What needs to be done to make the building more accessible for him? How7 would his being carried down the stairs affect his dignity as well as his safety?
JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 On Equality 2
Answer:
We can see that the boy in the above photograph is disabled. The Disabilities Act in 1955 is not fully implemented. Apart from stairs, there should be ramp as well. He is being carried down by security people through stairs which is dangerous and risky7. The boy’s dignity is hurt and will feel inferior as well. He is recognized as unequal in front of others.

JAC Class 7thCivics On Equality Important Questions and Answers

Multipie Choice Questions

Question 1.
Omprakash Valmiki wrote
(a) Godan
(b) Joothan
(c) Geetanjali
(d) Gaban
Answer:
(b) Joothan

Question 2.
The first state to introduce the Midday Meal Scheme was
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Manipur
(c) Karnataka
(d) Maharashtra
Answer:
(a) Tamil Nadu

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 On Equality

Question 3.
The Civil Rights Act w as passed in
(a) 1955
(b) 1962
(c) 1964
(d) 1978
Answer:
(c) 1964

Question 4.
The right to vote in India is called as
(a) Universal Adult Franchise
(b) One vote-one value
(c) Right to vote
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Universal Adult Franchise

Question 5.
We should not discriminate for the colour of the skin say, w hites or blacks on the basis of
(a) Gender
(b) Race
(c) Caste
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Answer:
(d) Both (b) and (c)

Question 6.
The midday meal scheme was first started in the year
(a) 1995
(b) 2001
(c) 2005
(d) 2009
Answer:
(a) 1995

Question 7.
The main feature of democracy influences all areas of the government’s work is
(a) Liberty7
(b) Equality7
(c) Discrimination
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) Equality7

Question 8.
Based on the idea of Universal Adult Franchise, the number of time/s a person can vote in a general election is/ are
(a) 4
(b) 3
(c) 1
(d) as many times according to his wish
Answer:
(c) 1

Question 9.
The most common forms of inequality in most of the cities and villages are
(a) cultural discrimination
(b) food habits
(c) biased in the use of public places
(d) the caste system
Answer:
(d) the caste system

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 On Equality

Question 10.
…… has been traditionally considered a lower or inferior caste by many in India.
(a) Dalits
(b) Rajputs
(c) Kshatriyas
(d) Vaishyas
Answer:
(a) Dalits

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which type of government does India have?
Answer:
India has a democratic type of government.

Question 2.
In which year the Supreme Court asked all the states to start the midday meal scheme in India?
Answer:
In 2001, the Supreme Court asked all the states to start the midday meal scheme in India.

Question 3.
Which people have been employed to cook the meal under the midday meal scheme?
Answer:
Dalit women have been employed to cook the meal under the midday meal scheme.

Question 4.
Name the African American w oman who has an important role in starting the Civil Rights Movement.
Answer:
Rosa Parks was the African American woman who has an important role in starting the Civil Rights Movement.

Question 5.
What is the minimum age to cast a vote in an election?
Answer:
The minimum age to cast a vote in an election is 18 years and above means they are considered as adult.

Question 6.
Whose autobiography is ‘Joothanf?
Answer:
Omprakash Valmiki’s autobiography is ‘joothan

Question 7.
What are the common form of inequalities that exist in India?
Answer:
The caste system and religion are the common forms of inequalities that exist in India.

Question 8.
What do you mean by Constitution?
Answer:
Constitution is a document that lays down the basic and important rules and regulations -for people and the government in the country to follow and abide by it.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 On Equality

Question 9.
Why Omprakash Valmiki was being treated unequally by his teacher and his classmates?
Answer:
Omprakash Valmiki is being treated unequally on the basis of differences of caste as he was from lower caste.

Question 10.
What is Civil Rights Movement?
Answer:
In the late 50s, a movement took place in the USA for equal rights for the Afro- American people. This movement later came to be known as the Civil Rights Movement.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Dalit people are not considered as equal even though the law says it. Why?
Answer:
Dalit people are not considered as equal even though the law says it because of attitudes change very slowly. It will happen only when people begin to believe that no one is inferior, lower and that every person deserves to be treated with dignity.

Question 2.
In which way does the government assures equality?
Answer:
Equality is assured through:

  • Government schemes and programmes for the disadvantaged communities or groups.
  • Laws specified in the Constitution.

Question 3.
What are the reasons for unequal treatment?
Answer:
The reasons for unequal treatment are:

  • Gender of a person (male or female)
  • The caste we have
  • The religion we practice and follow
  • The background of our class from where we come

Question 4.
What was the effect and outcome of Civil Rights Movement?
Answer:
The effect and outcome of Civil Rights Movement was:

  • It forbids andprohibits discrimination on the basis of religion, race and national origin.
  • It also stated that the schools would be open to the Afro-American children and that they would no longer have to attend the separate schools specially opened for them.

Question 5.
Briefly describe equality in Indian democracy.
Answer:
The Indian Constitution considers and recognises every person as equal. This means that every individual in the country including male and female persons irrespective of their castes, religions, tribes, educational and economic backgrounds are recognised as equal. Though inequality still exists in our society yet the principle of equality of all person is recognised. Earlier, law was not there to protect people from discrimination and bad behaviour but now a days there are many that actually work to see that people are treated with dignity.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 On Equality

Question 6.
What do you understand by the Disability7 Act which was passed in 1995?
Answer:
The Government of India passed the Disabilities Act in 1995. This law states that persons with disabilities have equal rights and that the government should make possible of their full participation in society7. The government has to provide free education and integrate children with disabilities into mainstream schools. This law also states that all public places including buildings, schools, etc., should be accessible and provided with ramps so that they can move around easily.

Question 7.
Explain the Civil Rights Movement.
Answer:
On 1st December 1955, an African American woman named Rosa Parks who was tired from a long day at work and refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. Her refusal that day started a huge agitation against the unequal ways in which African-Americans were treated and which came to be known as the Civil Rights Movement.

Question 8.
Which formal documents recognises every person’s democratic right to equality in India? What is the place called where the elected leaders meet to discuss the problems and matters of national importance?
Answer:
The formal documents recognises eveiy person’s democratic right to equality in India in the Constitution. The place is called the Parliament where the elected leaders meet to discuss the problems and matters of national importance.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe in brief the provisions made in the Constitution for the recognition of equality.
Answer:
Provisions made in the Constitution for the recognition of equality are:

  • Every person from the President of the country to a domestic worker has to obey and abide by the same laws.
  • No person can be discriminated against on the basis of their religion, race, caste, place of birth or whether they are female or male.
  • Every person has access to all public places which consists of playgrounds, hotels, shops and markets. All persons can use publicly available wells, roads and bathing ghats.
  • Untouchability has been abolished.

Question 2.
What are the benefits of the midday meal programme?
Answer:
Benefits of the midday meal programme are:

  • More poor children have begun enrolling in the school and regularly attending school.
  • It has also helped to reduce caste prejudices because both lower and upper caste children in the school eat this meal together.
  • In few places, Dalit women have been employed to cook the meal.
  • The midday meal programme also helps reduce the hunger of poor students who often come to school and cannot concentrate because they are hungry as their stomachs are empty.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Deserts

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JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Deserts

JAC Class 7th Geography Life in the Deserts InText Questions and Answers

Page 69

Question 1.
Can you name some more passes in the Himalayas?
Answer:
Banihal Pass, Burzil Pass, Aghil Pass, etc., are the passes in Himalayas.

JAC Class 7th Geography Life in the Deserts Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(a) What are the two types of deserts found in the world?
Answer:
The two types of deserts found in the world are the hot deserts and the cold deserts.

(b) In which continent is the Sahara desert located?
Answer:
In Africa, the Sahara desert is located.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Deserts

(c) What are the climatic conditions of the Ladakh desert?
Answer:
The climatic conditions of the Ladakh desert is exceptionally cold and very dry due to high altitude. In summer, the day temperature are just above zero degree and at night, the temperature are below -30 degree. Most of the time in winters they have the temperatures below -40 degree. The region experiences hot burning sunlight and freezing winds.

(d) What mainly attracts tourists to Ladakh?
Answer:
Treks to the meadows, glaciers and the gompas attract the tourists in Ladakh. In winter, the ceremonies and festivities in which the local people engaged themselves also attract the tourists.

(e) What type of clothes the people of the Sahara desert wear?
Answer:
The types of clothes people in the Sahara desert wear are the heavy robes.

(f) Name the trees that grow in Ladakh.
Answer:
The trees that grow in Ladakh are fruit trees such as apple, apricots and walnuts. Also grown there are scanty patches of shrubs and grasses, groves of willows and poplars.

Tick (√) the correct answer.

Question 2.
(i) Sahara is located in which part of Africa?
(a) Eastern
(b) Northern
(c) Western
Answer:
(b) Northern

(ii) Sahara is what type of desert?
(a) Cold
(b) Hot
(c) Mild
Answer:
(b) Hot

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Deserts

(iii) The Ladakh desert is mainly inhabited by
(a) Christians and Muslims
(b) Buddhists and Muslims
(c) Christians and Buddhists
Answer:
(b) Buddhists and Muslims

(iv) Deserts are characterised by
(a) scanty vegetation
(b) heavy precipitation
(c) low evaporation
Answer:
(a) scanty vegetation

(v) Hemis in the Ladakh is a famous
(a) temple
(b) church
(c) monastery
Answer:
(c) monastery

(vi) Egypt is famous for growing
(a) wheat
(b) maize
(c) cotton
Answer:
(c) cotton

Question 3.
Match the following.

(i) Oasis (a) Libya
(ii) Bedouins (b) monastery
(iii) Oil (c) glacier
(iv) Gangri (d) depressions with water
(v) Lamayuru (e) Sahara

Answer:

(i) Oasis (d) depressions with water
(ii) Bedouins (f) Sahara
(iii) Oil (a) Libya
(iv) Gangri (c) glacier
(v) Lamayuru (b) monastery

Question 4.
Give reasons.
(i) There is scanty vegetation in the . deserts.
Answer:
There is scanty vegetation in the deserts because the climate is either very hot and dry or very cold and dry. Both the conditions are unfavourable for the growth of vegetation. Apart from this, there is less rainfall and lack of sufficient water as well to have vegetation.

(ii) People of the Sahara desert wear heavy robes.
Question
To protect themselves from hot winds and dust storms, the people of the Sahara desert wear heavy robes.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Deserts

Question 5.
Map skills
(i) On the outline map of Africa, mark the Sahara desert.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

(ii) On the outline map of India, mark the Karakoram Range, Zanskar Range, Ladakh and Zoji La pass.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

(For Fun)

Question 6.
Desert Game This is a class room activity involving all the students. The teacher will create a list of desert creatures. The number of the creatures should be same as the number of students in the class. The creatures can be picked up from the categories of mammals, birds and reptiles.

Mammals can include – camel, yak, fox, sheep, goat, antelope… Birds – raven, eagle, vulture, turkey… Reptiles – snakes … Assign one desert creature to each student. Ask the student to write three characteristics of the creature on plain sheet of paper, (students can use index cards of size 10 cm * 15 cm). Question such as – in what type of deserts it is found? Major adaptation? Use to man?
Answer:
These characteristics will be used as clues in the guessing game. On the board make three columns mammals, birds and reptiles. Paste a sheet of paper in the column under the particular category. The class can be divided in three to four groups. They will compete against each other in the ‘desert game’. Each group now takes turn in guessing the correct answer. Explain to the class that they have to guess what animal matches the characteristics listed on the paper.

For example:

  • Animal of hot desert
  • Has double set of eyelashes to keep away the sand
  • The hide is used for making water bottles.

The correct answer is ‘camel’. Within the group there will be a student who has prepared the card. That student should not answer. Ten points are awarded for the correct answer. This game will enable students to understand the desert You can play the same game by taking different types of fruits, flora and the clothes the people wear.
Answer:
Students need to do this activity in the class.

JAC Class 7th Geography Life in the Deserts Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
All over the world, the Egyptians have been famous for a cash crop that they have been growing since ancient times, which is widely in demand even – today and the cash crop is
(a) Cotton
(b) Maize
(c) Wheat
(d) Barley
Answer:
(a) Cotton

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Deserts

Question 2.
….. are commonly found in Ladakh.
(a) Camels
(b) Churches
(c) Monastries
(d) Buffaloes
Answer:
(c) Monastries

Question 3.
Plants and animals adapt to the exceptionally hot and cold weather conditions and water shortages by adapting themselves by learning skills and developing different techniques which help them survive in the deserts. The are not found in deserts.
(a) Kangaroo rat
(b) Redwood trees
(c) Bactrian camel
(d) Red cactii
Answer:
(b) Redwood trees

Question 4.
Which of the following people do not live in deserts?
(a) Anangus
(b) Tuaregs
(c) Apache Indians
(d) Bedouins
Answer:
(c) Apache Indians

Question 5.
The animals which is not found in Ladakh is/are
(a) The Asiatic Lion
(b) the Himalayan Marmot
(c) the Mountain Sheep
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(a) The Asiatic Lion

Question 6.
The common occupation of the people of Ladakh are
(a) cotton farming
(b) tourism
(c) fruit cultivation
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Answer:
(d) Both (b) and (c)

Question 7.
The mineral which is found in Sahara is
(a) copper
(b) iron
(c) zinc
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) iron

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Deserts

Question 8.
Number of country/ies which touches Sahara desert is/are
(a) 11
(b) 9
(c) 1
(d) 14
Answer:
(a) 11

Question 9.
Vegetation of Sahara desert consists of cactus, palms,
(a) date and apple
(b) fig and date
(c) apple and acacia
(d) date, acacia
Answer:
(a) date and apple

Question 10.
The world’s largest desert is
(a) Sahara desert
(b) Thar desert
(c) Ladakh desert
(d) Kalahari desert
Answer:
(a) Sahara desert

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
List the major and famous monasteries of Ladakh.
Question
The major and famous monasteries of Ladakh are Lamayuru, Hemis, Thiksey and Shey.

Question 2.
Name the capital of Ladakh.
Answer:
The capital of Ladakh is Leh.

Question 3.
List the countries which are associated with the discovery of oil.
Answer:
The countries which are associated with the discovery of oil are Egypt, Algeria and Libya.

Question 4.
What is the area of the Sahara desert?
Answer:
The area of the Sahara desert is approximately 8.54 million sq km.

Question 5.
Name the place which recorded the highest temperature of 57.7°C in 1922.
Answer:
A1 Azizia in the Sahara desert which is south of Tripoli, Libya recorded the highest temperature of 57.7°C in 1922.

Question 6.
Which are the four passes that Manali – Leh highway crosses?
Answer:
Manali Leh highway crosses four passes, Rohtang la, Baralacha la Lungalacha la and Tanglang la.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Deserts

Question 7.
What type of desert are Sahara and Ladakh?
Answer:
The type of desert are:

  • Sahara hot desert
  • Ladakh cold desert

Question 8.
Which is the most important river that flow through Ladakh?
Answer:
The most important river that flow through Ladakh is Indus.

Question 9.
What do you mean by desert?
Answer:
Desert is an arid region distinguished and marked by extremely high or low temperatures and has scarce vegetation.

Question 1.
Where is Tafilalet Oasis situated and what is the area of this oasis?
Answer:
Tafilalet Oasis is situated in Morocco and is a very large oasis with an area of approximately 13,000 sqkm.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How many countries touches the Sahara desert? Name them all.
Answer:
The Sahara desert touches eleven countries which are Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Sudan, Tunisia and Western Sahara.

Question 2.
Oasis in the Sahara has settled population. Explain briefly.
Answer:
Oasis in the Sahara has settled population because these areas are fertile and people may settle around these water bodies and grow date palms and other crops.

Question 3.
Nomadic tribes of Sahara desert rear livestock. Why do they do?
Answer:
These animals yields milk, hides from which they make leather for belts, slippers, water bottles; hair is also used for mats, carpets, clothes and blankets hence nomadic tribes of Sahara desert rear livestock.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Deserts

Question 4.
Briefly describe the changes which are undergoing in the cultural environment of the Sahara desert.
Answer:
The following changes which are undergoing in the cultural environment of the Sahara desert are:

  • In the salt trade, trucks are replacing camels.
  • Big and huge glass office buildings, towers are shining over mosques. Super highways criss-cross the ancient camel paths.
  • Tuaregs are working as guides to the foreign tourists.
  • More and more nomadic herdsman are shifting to the city for finding jobs in gas and oil operations.

Question 5.
Describe in brief the climate of the Sahara desert.
Answer:
The climate of the Sahara desert is unbearably hot and parch dry. It has a very short rainy season and the sky is clear and cloudless. The days are extremely hot and the temperature rises upto 50 degrees. The nights are freezing cold nearing zero degree.

Question 6.
In which way Sahara became a desert?
Answer:
Sahara once used to be a lush green plain. In Sahara desert, cave paintings depicts that there were rivers with . crocodiles. Common animals were found such as elephants, lions, giraffes, ostriches, sheep, cattle and goats. Due to the change in climate, it has changed to a very hot and dry region.

Question 7.
Describe in brief the rich fauna of Ladakh.
Answer:
Ladakh is very rich in fauna. Many bird species and animals are seen. In Ladakh, common birds are tibetian snow cock, robins, raven, redstarts and hoopoe. Few of them are migratory. The animals which are found are wild goats, wild sheep, yak and special kinds of dogs.

Question 8.
Describe in brief the activities of the people of Ladakh in summers and winters.
Answer:
There are many activities the people of Ladakh are engaged in summers and winters. People are busy in cultivation work during summers. They grow crops such as potatoes, pear, turnip, barley and beans. During winter, they engage themselves in different festivities and ceremonies as winters are unbearable and harsh.

Women manage both house and field very efficiently. One of the important occupation is weaving. Pashmina shawls are weaved from the wool of the chiru antelope. Carpets and rugs from the sheep. Many popular products such as butter, milk and hides are obtained from yak.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Deserts

Question 9.
What is the location of Ladakh?
Answer:
Ladakh is a cold desert which is lying in the Great Himalayas on the eastern side of Jammu and Kashmir. In the north, the Karakoram Range and the Zanskar mountains in the south enclose it. Many rivers flow through Ladakh and Indus being the most important amongst them.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Distinguish between the deserts of Sahara and Ladakh.
Answer:
Sahara

  • Sahara is a hot desert.
  • It is located in northern Africa.
  • The climate is extremely hot and parched dry.
  • It attracts very less tourists.
  • They are mainly nomadic tribes. Oasis offers settled population.
  • Few plants grow such as cactus, date, palm and acacia.

Ladakh

  • Ladakh is a cold desert.
  • It is located in northern Himalayas, India
  • The climate is extremely cold and dry.
  • It attracts tourists because of its festivities and different ceremonies.
  • The people are either Muslims or Buddhists.
  • Fruits trees grow such as apples, apricots. Trees such as poplar, willows, etc. also grows.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions

by

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions

JAC Class 7th Geography Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions InText Questions and Answers

Page 56

Question 1.
Name the countries of the basin through which the equator passes.
Answer:
The countries of the basin through which the equator passes are Ecuador, Colombia and Brazil.

Question 2.
Some TV channels broadcast documentaries on the wildlife of the world. Try to watch some of the films and share your experience with the class.
Answer:
Students need to do it themselves.

Page 60

Question 3.
River Brahmaputra is known by different names in different places. Find the other names of the river.
Answer:
Padma in Bangladesh, Siang in Arunachal Pradesh, Tsangpo or Yarlung Zangbo in Tibet.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions

Question 4.
Collect some handicrafts made from jute, bamboo and silk. Display them in the class. Find out in which area they were made?
Answer:
Jute, bamboo and silk are made in Bihar, West Bengal and Assam.

JAC Class 7th Geography Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical RegionsTextbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) Name the continent in which the Amazon Basin is located.
Answer:
The continent in which the Amazon Basin is located is South America.

(ii) What are the crops grown by the people of the Amazon Basin?
Answer:
The crops grown by the people of the Amazon Basin are pineapple, tapioca and sweet potato. Maize, coffee and cocoa are also grown as cash crops.

(iii) Name the birds that you are likely to find in the rainforests of the Amazon.
Answer:
The birds that are likely to found in the rainforests of the Amazon are macaws, humming bird and toucans.

(iv) What are the major cities located on the River Ganga?
Answer:
The major cities located on the River Ganga are Kolkata, Patna, Varanasi, Kanpur and Prayagraj (Allahabad).

(v) Where is the one-horned rhinoceros found?
Answer:
In the Brahmaputra plain, the one-horned rhinoceros is found.

Tick (√) the correct answer.

Question 2.
(i) Toucans are a type of
(a) birds
(b) animals
(c) crops
Answer:
(a) birds

(ii) Manioc is the staple food of
(a) Ganga Basin
(b) Africa
(c) Amazon
Answer:
(c) Amazon

(iii) Kolkata is located on the river
(a) Orange
(b) Hooghly
(c) Bhagirathi
Answer:
(b) Hooghly

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions

(iv) Deodars and firs are a type of
(a) Coniferous trees
(b) Deciduous trees
(c) Shrubs
Answer:
(a) Coniferous trees

(v) Bengal tiger is found in
(a) mountains
(b) delta area
(c) Amazon
Answer:
(b) delta area

Question 3.
Match the following.

(i) Cotton textile (a) Assam
(ii) Maloca (b) Terrace farming
(iii) Piranha (c) Sericulture
(iv) Silk worm (d) Slanting roof
(v) Kaziranga (e) Ganga plain
(f) Varanasi
(g) Fish

Answer:

(i) Cotton textile (e) Ganga plain
(ii) Maloca (d) Slanting roof
(iii) Piranha (g) Fish
(iv) Silkworm (c) Sericulture
(v) Kaziranga (a) Assam

Question 4.
Give reasons.
(i) The rainforests are depleting.
Answer:
The rainforests is depleting due to the developmental activities that are going at a fast speed. It is evaluated that a large region of the rainforest has been disappearing yearly in the basin. As a result, the top soils is washed away when the rain falls and the lush green forests turn into barren and empty landscape. Apart from this, setting up large scale industries after the clearing of forests.

(ii) Paddy is grown in the Ganga- Brahmaputra plains.
Answer:
Paddy cultivation needs sufficient water. The Ganga-Brahmaputra plains fulfills this condition hence paddy is grown in the Ganga- Brahmaputra plains.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions

Question 5.
Map Skills
(i) On an outline map of Indian Sub-continent, draw the rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra from the source to the mouth. Also show the important tributaries of both the rivers.
Answer:
Important tributaries of river Ganga: Yamuna, Gomti, Kosi, Damodar Important tributaries of river Brahmaputra: Teesta, Dibang,
Kolong, Lohit, Subansiri. Do it yourself.

(ii) On the political map of the South America, draw the equator. Mark the countries located on the equator.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

(For Fun)

Question 6.
Make a collage to show places of attractions in India. You can divide the class in different groups to show attractions based on mountain landscapes, coastal beaches, wildlife sanctuaries and places of historical importance.
Answer:
Students need to do it yourself.

Question 7.
Activity
Collect under mentioned material and observe how destruction of trees effect the soil cover.
Material

  1. Three small flowerpots or food cans (e.g., cold drinks tin cans),
  2. one big can with holes punched in the bottom (this will act as a sprinkling can),
  3. twelve coins or bottle caps
  4. soil.

Process:
Take three small cans or pots. Fill them with soil till the top. Press the soil to make it level with the top of the can. Now put four coins or bottle caps on the soil of each can. Take the big can that has been punched with holes and fill it with water. You can also take the sprinkling can from your garden. Now, sprinkle water on the three cans. On the first can sprinkle water very slowly so that no soil splashes out.

Let moderate amount of water be sprinkled on the second can. On the third can, sprinkle the water heavily. You will observe that unprotected soil splashes out. Where the ‘rain’ is heavy the amount of soil that splashes out is the maximum and least in case of the first can. The coins or caps represent the tree covers. It is clear that if the land is cleared completely of the vegetation, the soil cover will quickly disappear.
Answer:
Students need to do it by themselves under the guidance of teachers parents.

JAC Class 7th Geography  Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Through Delhi, the largest tributary of the Ganges passes. The city which join the river Ganga is
(a) Kanpur
(b) Patna
(c) Prayagraj
(d) Kolkata
Answer:
(c) Prayagraj

Question 2.
The major cities of India and Bangladesh which flank the Ganga- Brahmaputra delta are
(a) Patna and Dhaka
(b) Kolkata and Dhaka
(c) Patna and Faridpur
(d) Kolkata and Faridpur
Answer:
(b) Kolkata and Dhaka

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions

Question 3.
The Ganges which joins the Brahmaputra in to form one of the largest river basins in the world.
(a) Nepal
(b) India
(c) China
(d) Bangladesh
Answer:
(d) Bangladesh

Question 4.
The most common food eaten by the Amazon people are
(a) Manioc
(b) Plum
(c) Passion fruit
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Manioc

Question 5.
The Amazon river basin encompasses the countries of Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
river is not a tributary of the Amazon,
(a) Purus
(b) Songa
(c) Rio Negro
(d) Nile
Answer:
(b) Songa

Question 6.
……. is not situated on the banks of the river Ganga.
(a) Indore
(b) Kolkata
(c) Patna
(d) Varanasi
Answer:
(a) Indore

Question 7.
The animal which is not found in the rainforest is
(a) Sloth
(b) Jaguars
(c) Lions
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Lions

Question 8.
Climate found in the Amazon Basin is
(a) Hot and wet
(b) Extremely cold
(c) Hot and humid
(d) Extremely hot
Answer:
(a) Hot and wet

Question 9.
Piranha is a type of
(a) Bird
(b) Reptiles
(c) Insect
(d) Fish
Answer:
(d) Fish

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions

Question 10.
Cash crops grown in the Ganga- Brahmaputra plain are
(a) Jute and sugarcane
(b) Sugarcane and maize
(c) Jute and maize
(d) Sugarcane and banana
Answer:
(a) Jute and sugarcane

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the cash crops that the rainforest people grow?
Answer:
The cash crops that the rainforest people grow are coffee, maize and cocoa.

Question 2.
What do you mean by bromeliads?
Answer:
The special plants that store water in their leaves are known as bromeliads. Animals such as frogs use these pockets of water for laying their eggs.

Question 3.
Name the crops which are grown in Ganga-Brahmaputra basin.
Answer:
The crops which are grown in Ganga- Brahmaputra basin are paddy, wheat, maize, sorghum, gram and millets. Cash crops like sugarcane and jute are also grown.

Question 4.
On which river, Taj Mahal is located?
Answer:
Taj Mahal is located on the banks of the river Yamuna.

Question 5.
What do you mean by population density?
Answer:
The number of persons that live in one sq. km. of area is known as population density.

Question 6.
What do you mean by ‘Maloca’?
Answer:
‘Maloca’ means large apartment-like houses with a steeply slanting roof.

Question 7.
Who discovered the Amazon River?
Answer:
A Spanish explorer named Francisco de Orellana discovered the Amazon River.

Question 8.
Define the river’s mouth.
Answer:
The river’s mouth is the place where a river flows into another body of water.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions

Question 9.
Where Ganga and Brahmaputra basin situated?
Answer:
The Ganga and Brahmaputra basin lies in the sub-tropical region that is situated between 10°N to 30°N latitudes.

Question 10.
Define tributaries.
Answer:
Tributaries are the small river that join the main river.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why the tropical region is called the equatorial region?
Answer:
The tropical region is called the equatorial region because this region lies very close to the equator between 10 degree north and 10 degree south.

Question 2.
Variety of fishes are found in the Amazon basin and Ganga- Brahmaputra basin. What are they?
Answer:
Variety of fishes are found, in the Amazon basin and Ganga-Brahmaputra basin. They are: Amazon Basin: Several species of fishes such as Pancake stingray, Electric eel, Blue shark, Armored catfish, flesh eating Piranha are found. Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin: The popular fishes are rohu, catla and hilsa. It is also the staple diet of the people residing there.

Question 3.
What are the main characteristics of Ganga-Brahmaputra basin?
Answer:
The Ganga and the Brahmaputra plains, the mountains and the foothills of the Himalayas and the Sundarbans delta are the main characteristics of the Ganga and the Brahmaputra basin.

Question 4.
In the Amazon Basin what type of natural vegetation is found?
Answer:
In the Amazon Basin region, it rains heavily and thick forests grow. The forests are so thick that the dense ‘roof’ created by leaves and branches does not allow the sunlight to reach the ground. Hence, the ground remains dark and damp. Only shade tolerant vegetation may grow here. Plant parasites grow such as orchids, bromeliads, etc.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions

Question 5.
What do people of the Amazon rainforest do?
Answer:
After clearing some trees in the forest, people grow most of their food in small regions. Men hunt and fish along the rivers and women take care of the crops. They mainly grow tapioca, pineapple and sweet potato. Due to uncertainty of hunting and fishing, so the women keep their families alive by feeding them the vegetables they grow. They practice ‘slash and bum agriculture’.

Question 6.
The life of the people of the Amazon basin is changing. How?
Answer:
Time is moving very fast and this has resulted in the change of the life style of the people everywhere around the world. The life of the people of the Amazon basin is also changing but not at a very fast speed. In the early days, it was difficult to reach the core of the forest. The Trans Amazon highway was made in 1970 where all parts of the rain forest accessible. Aircrafts and helicopters are also used for reaching various places and dense forests. The native people was pushed out from the area and forced to settle in new regions and places.

Question 7.
Explain the vegetation found in the Ganga-Brahtnaputra Basin.
Answer:
The vegetation of the Ganga- Brahmaputra Basin covers the area which varies according to the type of landforms. In the Ganga and Brahmaputra, plain tropical deciduous trees grow such as teak, sal and peepal. In the Brahmaputra plain, thick bamboo groves are very common. The delta region is covered with the mangrove forests. In some parts of Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh, coniferous trees like pine, deodar and fir can be found due to the climatic condition which is cool and the slopes are steep.

Question 8.
Explain in short the agricultural activities of the people in the Ganga- Brahmaputra Basin.
Answer:
The main occupation of the people in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin is agriculture. The main crop cultivated is paddy. Apart from paddy the other crops which are grown are wheat, maize, sorghum, gram and millets. Cash crops such as sugarcane and jute are also grown. Banana plantations are found in some regions of the plain. In West Bengal and Assam, tea is grown in plantations. Silk is produced through the cultivation of silk worms in some parts of Bihar and Assam. In the mountains and hills, crops are grown on terraces where the slopes are gentle.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions

Question 9.
What is the indication and implication of devastation of rainforests?
Answer:
The indication of devastation of rainforests is that the top soil is washed away as the rain falls and the lush green forests turn into a barren and unproductive land.

Question 10.
Tourism is an important activity in the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin. How can we say that?
Answer:
Tourism is an important activity of the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin. Taj Mahal on the banks of River Yamuna in Agra, Prayagraj on the confluence of the Rivers Ganga and Yamuna and invisible Saraswati river, Buddhists stupas in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, Lucknow have its Imambara, Assam with Kaziranga and Manas wildlife sanctuaries and Arunachal Pradesh with a distinct tribal culture are few places worth a visit and to enjoy life.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Discuss in brief the wildlife living in the Ganga-Brahmaputra region or plain.
Answer:
There is a diversity and variety of wildlife found in the Ganga- Brahmaputra basin. The common animals which are found are elephants, monkeys, tigers, deers. Also, one- homed rhinoceros are found in the plain. In the delta region, crocodiles, alligators and Bengal tigers are found. Aquatic life flourish in the fresh river water, the lakes and the Bay of Bengal sea. The common and popular fish which are found are hilsa mainly in the fresh water of the river Ganga, rohu and catla and other fresh water fishes.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication

by

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication

JAC Class 7th Geography Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication InText Questions and Answers

Page 49

Question 1.
Where do you find dwellings made of ice? Who makes them and what are they called?
Answer:
In tundra region, we find dwellings made of ice. Eskimos makes them and they are called as igloos.

Question 2.
List the different modes of transport used by the students of your class while coming to school.
Answer:
The different modes of transport used by the students of the class while coming to school are buses, vans, cars, public transport and bicycles. Also some of them come by foot.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication

Page 51

Question 3.
Can you name some more ports of the world?
Answer:
Some more ports of the world are Shanghai and Shenzhen in China, Busan in South Korea, Hamburg in Germany, Valencia in Spain, Colon in Panama, etc.

Page 52

Question 4.
Find out the names of some newspapers and TV news channels in English, Hindi and a regional language.
Answer:
The names of some newspapers and TV news channels in English, Hindi and a regional language are Newspapers
English:
The Times of India, The Hindu, The Statesman, The Hindustan Times. Hindi: Navbharat Times, Dainik Jagran, Hindustan

Bangla:
Anandabazar; Gujarati: Divya Bhaskar TV News Channels English: CNN, IBN, Times Now Hindi: Aaj Tak, Zee News, DD News

Bangla: Star Jalsha News

JAC Class 7th Geography Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) What are the four means of transport?
Answer:
The four means of transport are

  • Roadways
  • Railways
  • Waterways
  • Airways

(ii) What do you understand by the term ‘settlement’?
Answer:
The term ‘settlement’ means a place where people build their homes to live in.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication

(iii) Which are the activities practised by the rural people?
Answer:
The activities which are practiced by the rural people are farming, fishing, forestry, craftwork, trading, extracting and collecting.

(iv) Mention any two merits of railways.
Answer:
Two merits of railways are:

  • Carry heavy goods in bulk
  • Carry people to long distances very quickly and at low cost.

(v) What do you understand by communication ?
Answer:
A process by which we convey our messages to other people is known as communication.

(vi) What is mass media?
Answer: Mass media consists of newspaper, television and radio. Due to mass media we can communicate with number of people through this.

Tick (√) the correct answer.

Question 2.
(i) Which is NOT a means of communication?
(a) Telephone
(b) Books
(c) Table
Answer:
(c) Table

(ii) Which type of road is constructed under the ground?
(a) Fly over
(b) Expressways
(c) Subways
Answer:
(c) Subways

(iii) Which mode of transport is most suitable to reach an island?
(a) Ship
(b) Train
(c) Car
Answer:
(a) Ship

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication

(iv) Which vehicle does not pollute the environment?
(a) Cycle
(b) Bus
(c) Aeroplane
Answer:
(a) Cycle

Question 3.
Match the following.

(i) Internet (e) areas where people are engaged in manufacturing, trade and services
(ii) Canal route (d) closely built area of houses
(iii) Urban areas (c) houses on stilts
(iv) Compact settlement (d) inland waterway
(e) a means of communication

Answer:

(i) Internet (d) a means of communication
(ii) Canal route (c) inland waterway
(iii) Urban areas (a) areas where people are engaged in manufacturing, trade and services
(iv) Compact settlement (b) closely built area ofhouses

Question 4.
Give reasons. Today’s world is shrinking.
Answer:
Information is available at any place or area from any region of the world due to modem technology. With the development and progress of communication and technology, the world has shrinked. Radio, newspaper, television had brought the world closer to each other. World has even come closer due to internet and cellular phones. Hence, we can say that today’s world is shrinking:

(For Fun)

Question 5.
(i) Conduct a survey in your locality and find out how people commute to their respective workplaces using –
(a) more than two modes of transport
(b) more than three modes of transport
(c) stay within walking distance,

(ii) Mention which mode of communication you will prefer most in the following situations –
(a) Your grandfather has suddenly fallen ill. How will you inform the doctor?
(b) Your mother wants to sell the old house. How will she spread this news?
(c) You are going to attend the marriage of your cousin for which you will be absent from the school for the next two days. How will you inform the teacher?
(d) Your friend has moved out with his/her family to New York. How will you keep in touch on a daily basis?
Answer:
(i) (a) auto-rickshaw, metro and on foot
(b) metro, bus, rickshaw and on foot
(c) on foot

(ii) (a) Inform the doctor through telephone or cell phone.
(b) Will spread the news through newspaper and internet.
(c) Will send an application on leave to the teacher.
(d) Will keep in touch through internet or telephone.

JAC Class 7th Geography  Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Igloos are made by
(a) Eskimos
(b) Shepherds
(c) Farmers
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Eskimos

Question 2.
In Asia, Indian railways is the . network.
(a) smallest
(b) slowest
(c) largest
(d) fastest
Answer:
(c) largest

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication

Question 3.
The ports in Europe are
(a) Singapore and Mumbai
(b) Rotterdam and London
(c) New York and London
(d) Los Angeles and Rotterdam
Answer:
(b) Rotterdam and London

Question 4.
The inland waterways are
(a) The Nile river in Africa
(b) The Great Lakes in North America
(c) The Ganga- Brahmaputra river system
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 5.
To communicate with large number of people, we use the mode/s of communication.
(a) television
(b) radio
(c) newspaper
(d) all of these
Answer:
(d) all of these

Question 6.
The cheapest mode of transport is/are
(a) Waterways
(b) Roadways
(c) Airways
(d) Railways
Answer:
(a) Waterways

Question 7.
Roads built above the ground are called as
(a) Bridges
(b) Flyovers
(c) Subways
(d) Canals
Answer:
(b) Flyovers

Question 8.
The traditional train engines are nowadays replaced by electric and diesel ones. Those are
(a) air-powered
(b) magnetic
(c) steam
(d) hydro-powered
Answer:
(c) steam

Question 9.
Air traffic is mainly affected by
(a) floods
(b) fog and storms
(c) drought
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) fog and storms

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication

Question 10.
The type of houses which are less likely to find in cities are
(a) huts
(b) bunglows
(c) slums
(d) flats
Answer:
(a) huts

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by the term ‘site’?
Answer:
Site is the place where a building or a settlement develops.

Question 2.
Name the cities which are connected by the Golden Quadrilateral.
Answer:
Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata are connected by the Golden Quadrilateral.

Question 3.
How human settlements became larger and larger?
Answer:
Human settlements became larger andlarger with the development of trade, commerce and manufacturing.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication

Question 4.
In places of hot climate, which types of house are commonly found?
Answer:
In areas of hot climate, thick mud walled houses with thatched roofs are commonly found.

Question 5.
What type of transport is used for short distance?
Answer:
The means of transport used for short distances are roads.

Question 6.
Define Transhumance.
Answer:
A seasonal movement of people is known as transhumance. According to changes in seasons, people who rear animals move in search of new pastures.

Question 7.
What do you mean by wet point settlement?
Answer:
Wet point settlement is the settlement growing around water areas.

Question 8.
What are the three ways of inland waterways?
Answer:
The three ways of inland waterways are river, lake and canals.

Question 9.
What are the modern means of communication?
Answer:
The modem means of communication are email, cellular phones, fax, computers.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication

Question 10.
When and where the first rail route came into started in India?
Answer:
In 1853, the first rail route came into started between Mumbai and Thane.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Differentiate between compact and scattered settlement.
Answer:

Compact Settlement Scattered Settlement
• A closely built area of dwelling where flat land is available is known as compact settlement. • The area where houses are spread over an extensive area is known as scattered settlement.
• This type of settlement is found near river valleys and fertile plain. • This type of . settlement is found in hilly regions, thick … forests and in extreme climatic conditions.

Question 2.
What are the natural conditions for selection of a site?
Answer:
The natural conditions for selection of a site are as follows:

  • Convenient climate
  • Fertile soil
  • Fertile and suitable land
  • Good availability of water

Question 3.
Mention the merits of airways.
Answer:
The merits of airways are as follows:

  • It is the only means of transport to reach the most distant and remote
    areas where no roads or railways can reach.
  • Helicopters are also very useful in most accessible places and in time of disasters and tragedies such as to rescue people, distribution of medicines, food, useful things.

Question 4.
Why it become necessary to build a permanent house?
Answer:
Human beings in early days lived on trees and in caves. When they started to grow crops it became very necessary to have a permanent house.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication

Question 5.
What changes made transport easier and uncomplicated?
Answer:
Transport was made easier by invention of the wheel. With the transit of time various mode of transport developed but even today people use animals for transport. Airplanes have made travel faster. New and modem means of transport hence saves time and energy.

Question 6.
Differentiate between Communication and Transport.
Answer:

• It conveys the messages and news from one place to another such as telephone service; postal service. • It transfers goods and helps for transportation of human beings and other living beings from one place to another such as roadways, railways.
• Modes of communication are television, radio, cellular phone. • Modes of transport are airplanes, ships, train, bus, cars, etc.
• In early days, bullock carts, donkeys, camels L were used. • In early days, modes of transport was used as communication.

Question 7:
Differentiate between State Highways and National Highways.
Answer:

State Highways National Highways
• The state capitals which are joined with big cities within a state are known as state highways. • The state capitals which are joined with other state capitals are known as national highways.
• They are limited within the states. • They cross many states within the country.
• Total length of the state highways in India is about 3,81,000 km. • Total length of the national highways in India is about 1,15,435 km.

Question 8.
Satellites had proved themselves very useful for the mankind. How?
Answer:
Satellites had proved themselves very useful for the mankind as they have helped in detecting mineral wealth, underground water, weather forecast, oil exploration, forest survey.

Question 9.
Which is the longest railway system in the world?
Answer:
The Trans-Siberian Railway is the longest railway system which connects St. Petersburg in Western Russia to Vladivostok on the Pacific coast.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication

Question 10.
In which places, the railway network are well developed?
Answer:
The railway network are well developed in the plain and flat places.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the two types of waterways? Explain.
Answer:
Waterways are the cheapest means of transport for carrying heavy and especially where there are no roads and railways. Helicopters are useful in most inaccessible areas and in times of disasters and tragedies.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life

by

JAC Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life

JAC Class 7th Geography Natural Vegetation and Wild Life InText Questions and Answers

Page 39

Question 1.
Salima was excited about the summer camp she was attending. She had gone to visit Manali in Himachal Pradesh along with her class mates. She recalled how surprised she was to see the changes in the landform and natural vegetation as the bus climbed higher and higher. The deep jungles of the foothills comprising sal and teak slowly disappeared.

She could see tall trees with thin pointed leaves and cone shaped canopies on the mountain slopes. She learnt that those were coniferous trees. She noticed blooms of bright flowers on tall trees. These were the rhododendrons. From Manali as she was travelling up to Rohtang pass she saw that the land was covered with short grass and snow in some places.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life

Question 1.
Now can you tell why Salima saw changes in the natural vegetation as she climbed higher and higher? What type of vegetations did she see in the Himalayas starting with the foothills and going to the higher altitudes?
Answer:
Salima saw changes in the natural vegetation as she climbed higher and higher because of change in climate, slope, thickness of soil. The type of vegetation she saw in the Himalayas starting with the foothills and going to the. higher altitudes are trees such as cedar, pine, chir; snow covered coniferous forests and short grass.

Question 2.
Like Salima, when you go to visit any new place, notice the type of natural vegetation occurring there and try to think of factors responsible for the growth of such vegetation in that habitat.
Answer:
Students need to do it themselves.

Question 3.
Note down if any human interference has taken place in that area in terms of deforestation, grazing, cultivation of cash crops, constructional activities etc.
Answer:
Students need to do it themselves.

Page 41

Question 4.
Where in India do tropical evergreen and tropical deciduous forests occur? Name the states.
Answer:
In India, the tropical evergreen and tropical deciduous forests occur are

  • Tropical evergreen forests: Assam, West Bengal, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu.
  • Tropical deciduous forests: Odisha, Jharkhand Chhattisgarh, Kerala.

Question 5.
Which type of forest dominates most part of India?
Answer:
The tropical deciduous forests dominates part of India.

Page 43

Question 6.
Look around in your surroundings and find out the articles made of hard wood and soft wood.
Answer:
The articles made of Hard wood Doors, windows, tables, chairs, beds, cupboards, etc. Soft wood Match boxes, packaging materials, boats, etc.

Question 7.
Find out and learn few names of trees of your locality.
Answer:
We see mango, neem, guava, peepal, jamun trees in our locality.

JAC Class 7th Geography Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) Which are the two factors on which the growth of vegetation mostly depends?
Answer:
The temperature and moisture are the two factors on which the growth of vegetation mostly depends.

(ii) Which are the three broad categories of natural vegetation?
Answer:
Forests, grasslands and shrubs are the three broad categories of natural vegetation.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life

(iii) Name the two hardwood trees commonly found in tropical evergreen forest.
Answer:
Mahogany and rosewood are the two hardwood trees commonly found in tropical evergreen forest.

(iv) In which part of the world and tropical deciduous forest is found?
Answer:
The tropical deciduous forest are found in northern Australia, Central America and in large part of India.

(v) In which climatic conditions, citrus fruits cultivated?
Answer:
In hot dry summers and mild rainy winters, citrus fruits are cultivated.

(vi) Mention the uses of coniferous . forest.
Answer:
The coniferous forests are used for manufacturing paper and newsprint, match boxes, packing boxes.

(vii) In which part of the world is seasonal grassland is found?
Answer:
In the mid-latitudinal zones and in the interior parts of the continents of the world, the seasonal grasslands are found.

Tick (√) the correct answer.

Question 2.
(i) Mosses and Lichens are found in
(a) Desert vegetation
(b) Tropical evergreen forest
(c) Tundra vegetation
Answer:
(c) Tundra vegetation

(ii) Thorny bushes are found in
(a) Hot and humid tropical climate
(b) Hot and dry desertic climate
(c) Cold polar climate
Answer:
(b) Hot and dry desertic climate

(iii) In tropical evergreen forest, one of the common animals is
(a) Monkey
(b) Giraffe
(c) Camel
Answer:
(a) Monkey

(iv) One important variety of coniferous forest is:
(a) Rosewood
(b) Pine
(c) Teak
Answer:
(b) Pine

(v) Steppe grassland is found in
(a) S. Africa
(b) Australia
(c) Central Asia
Answer:
(c) Central Asia

Question 3.
Match the following.

(i) Walrus (a) Soft wood tree
(ii) Cedar (b) An animal of tropical deciduous forest
(iii) Olives (c) A polar animal
(iv) Elephants (d) Temperate grassland in Australia
(v) Campos (e) Thorny shrubs
(vi) Downs (f) A citrus fruit

Answer:

(i) Walrus (c) A polar animal
(ii) Cedar (a) Soft wood tree
(iii) Olives (f) A citrus fruit
(iv) Elephants (b) An animal of tropical deciduous forest
(v) Campos (g) Tropical grassland of Brazil
(Vi) Downs (d) Temperate grassland in Australia

Question 4.
Give reasons.

  1. The animals in polar region have thick fur and thick skin.
  2. Tropical deciduous trees shed their leaves in the dry season.
  3. The type and thickness of vegetation changes from place to place.

Answer:

  1. The animals in polar region have thick fur and thick skin to protect themselves from extreme cold climatic conditions.
  2. Transpiration occurs through leaves. To reduce transpiration in dry season, the tropical deciduous trees shed their leaves in dry season.
  3. Due to variation in temperature and moisture, the type and thickness of vegetation changes from place to place.

(For Fun)

Question 5.
In the given crossword table given below, some words are hidden. They are all about vegetation and wildlife and are to be found horizontally and vertically. Two have been worked out for you. Work in pairs with a friend
JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life 1

Vegetation Wildlife
1. Neem 1. Bear
2. Bamboo 2. Whale
3. Flora 3. Ox
4. Lichen 4. Zebra
5. Pine 5. Goat
6. Chir 6. Tiger
7. Grass 7. Yak
8. Taiga 8. Owl
9. Tulsi 9. Deer
10. Fir 10. Lion
11. Tundra 11. Fowl
12. Ebony 12. Horse
13. Pampas 13. Pig
14. Llanos 14. Camel
15. Oak Wildlife
16. Mosses


JAC Class 7th Geography Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Coniferous forests are also known as
(a) Mediterranean
(b) Taiga
(c) Tundra
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Taiga

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life

Question 2.
The forest which comprises both hard wood and softwood trees is
(a) Coniferous forest
(b) Tropical evergreen forest
(c) Temperate evergreen forest
(d) Tropical deciduous forest
Answer:
(c) Temperate evergreen forest

Question 3.
Tropical deserts are found on the margins of the continents.
(a) Northern
(b) Western
(c) Southern
(d) Eastern
Answer:
(b) Western

Question 4.
Tropical grasslands in East Africa is
(a) Campos
(b) Llanos
(c) Savannah
(d) Prairie
Answer:
(c) Savannah

Question 5.
kind of vegetation is found in steppes.
(a) Temperate grasslands
(b) Tropical evergreen forests
(c) Tropical grasslands
(d) Temperate deciduous forests
Answer:
(a) Temperate grasslands

Question 6.
The given below is a coniferous tree
(a) Teak
(b) Cedar
(c) Rosewood
(d) Pine
Answer:
(d) Pine

Question 7.
Given below tree is not a hardwood tree
(a) Rosewood
(b) Eucalyptus
(c) Ebony
(d) Mahogany
Answer:
(b) Eucalyptus

Question 8.
The most commonly found primate in India is
(a) The Rhesus Macaque
(b) The Red-faced baboon
(c) The Proboscis monkey
(d) The Grey langur
Answer:
(a) The Rhesus Macaque

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life

Question 9.
The only species of bears found in India are
(a) Sloth bear
(b) Himalayan Black bear
(c) Asian Sun Bear
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Himalayan Black bear

Question 10.
Thorny bushes are mainly found in
(a) Cold polar climate
(b) Hot and humid tropical climate
(c) Hot and dry desert climate
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Hot and dry desert climate

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do the term Taiga mean in Russian language?
Answer:
The term taiga means untouched or pure in the Russian language.

Question 2.
What is the reason which makes the coniferous forest unique?
Answer:
The reason which makes the coniferous forest unique is the tall and softwood evergreen trees. .

Question 3.
What is the alternate name of tropical evergreen forests?
Answer:
The alternate nathe of tropical evergreen forests is tropical rainforests.

Question 4.
Where is Veld Temperate Grassland situated?
Answer:
Veld Temperate Grassland is situated in Africa.

Question 5.
What is the main feature of polar region?
Answer:
The main feature of polar region is that it is very cold.

Question 6.
Where are Campos found?
Answer:
Campos are found in Brazil.

Question 7.
What animals are found in the tropical grasslands?
Answer:
Animals which are found in the tropical grasslands are elephants, zebras, giraffes, deer, leopards, etc.

Question 8.
Where are Savannah grasslands found?
Answer:
Savannah grasslands are found in Africa.

Question 9.
Which place is known as ‘Orchards of the World’ and why?
Answer:
Mediterranean places are known as ‘Orchards of the World’ because for their fruit cultivation.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life

Question 10.
In which region temperate evergreen forests are found?
Answer:
The thick forests are found in the regions near the equator and close to the tropics.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
The equatorial forests are considered as the lungs of the earth. Why?
Answer:
The tropical evergreen forest or the equatorial forests in Brazil are so enormous that it is like the lungs of the earth.

Question 2.
What are the features of Mediterranean trees?
Answer:
The features of Mediterranean trees are that they adapt themselves to dry summers with the help of their thick barks and wax coated leaves which help them to lessen the transpiration.

Question 3.
Write a note on anaconda.
Answer:
Anaconda is one of the world’s largest snakes. They are very huge and non- poisonous snakes. They are found in the tropical rainforest. Anaconda can kill and eat a large animal such as a crocodile.

Question 4.
Does altitude affect vegetation? If yes then-how?
Answer:
Yes, altitude affects vegetation. A close relationship between height of land and the character of vegetation is present. With the change in height, the climate changes and thus changes the natural vegetation.

Question 5.
Name the different types of grasslands. Answer: Different grasslands are:

  • Savannah in East Africa
  • Campos in Brazil
  • Llanos in Venezuela
  • Pampas in Argentina
  • Prairie in North America
  • Veld in South Africa
  • Steppe in Central Asia
  • Down in Australia.

Question 6.
Write the important features of tropical evergreen forests.
Answer:
Important features of tropical evergreen forests are:

  • These forests are so dense and opaque that thick canopies and sunshades are developed which do not allow the sunlight to penetrate and go inside the forest.
  • There is no particular dry season, hence the trees do not shed their leaves altogether. This keeps the forest evergreen.
  • Hardwood trees such as rosewood, ebony and mahogany, etc., are found here.

Question 7.
Brief about the tropical grasslands.
Answer:
The tropical grasslands develop on either side of the equator and extend till the tropics. This vegetation grows in the regions of moderate to low amount of rainfall. The grass can grow very tall to a height of about 3 to 4 metres. One of this type of grasslands are Savannah grasslands of Africa. Some ; of the animals found here are elephants, zebras, giraffes, deer and leopards.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life

Question 8.
What are the different kinds of h natural forests found?
Answer:
The different kinds of natural forests’ found are

  • Tropical evergreen forest
  • Tropical deciduous forest
  • Temperate evergreen forest
  • Temperate deciduous forest
  • Mediterranean vegetation
  • Coniferous forest

Question 9:
Write a short note on the natural vegetation and wildlife found in the polar regions.
Answer:
The growth of natural vegetation is very limited here as the polar regions are extremely cold. Only mosses, lichens and very and small shrubs are found here and grow during the very short summer. This is known as Tundra type of vegetation and found in the polar regions of Europe, Asia and North America. The animals found here have thick fur and skin which protect them from the cold and harsh climatic

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 10.
Explain different types of forests.
Answer:
Different types of forests are:

  • Tropical evergreen forests
  • Tropical deciduous forests
  • Temperate evergreen forests
  • Temperate deciduous forests
  • Mediterranean vegetation
  • Coniferous forests

Tropical evergreen forests :
These forests are very dense and thick and found in the regions near the equator and close to the tropics. They receive heavy rain all through the year. The trees of these forests do not shed their leaves altogether and therefore they remain green all the time and called as evergreen. Hardwood trees like rosewood, ebony and mahogany are found here.

Tropical deciduous forests:
These forest are found in the areas which experience seasonal changes and trees shed their leaves in the dry season to conserve water. The hardwood trees such as sal, teak, neem and shisham are found in this region. Animals like tigers, lions, elephants, langoors and monkeys are found in these forests.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life

Temperate evergreen forests:
These forests are found along the eastern margin of the continents. They contains both hard and softwood trees such as oak, pine, eucalyptus, etc.

Temperate deciduousf orests:
Trees of these forests shed their leaves in dry season. Trees found here are oak, ash, beech, etc. Deer, foxes, wolves, etc., are some of the animals found in these forests.

Mediterranean vegetation :
It is found in the areas around the Mediterranean sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. Citrus fruits like oranges, figs, olives and grapes are cultivated in the Mediterranean regions.

Coniferous forests :
These forests are also known as Taiga. They are tall, softwood evergreen trees. Chir, pine, cedar are important types of trees found in these forests. Silver, fox, mink, polar bear are the some of the animals found here.

JAC Class 7 Social Science Solutions