JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

JAC Board Class 10th English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

JAC Class 10th English The Thief’s Story Textbook Questions and Answers

Read and Find Out (Pages 8 & 10)

Question 1.
Who does Trefer to in this story?
(इस कहानी में (मैं) शब्द किसके लिए प्रयोग किया गया है?)
Answer:
In this story ‘I’ refers to the thief boy, Hari Singh.
(इस कहानी में ‘I’ मैं शब्द चोर लड़के, हरि सिंह के लिए प्रयोग किया गया है।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 2.
What is he “a fairly successful hand” at?
(किस काम को करने में उसका ‘हाथ बहुत साफ’ था?)
Answer:
The narrator of this story is a thief boy. That is why, he is ‘a fairly successful hand’ at stealing things.
(इस कहानी का वर्णनकर्ता एक चोर बालक है। यही कारण है कि चीजें चुराने में उसका हाथ बहुत साफ’ है।)

Question 3.
What does he get from Anil in return for his work?
(काम के बदले में उसे अनिल से क्या प्राप्त होता है?)
Answer:
In return for his work he does not get any salary from Anil. He gets only a place to sleep or live at and food to eat.
(काम करने के बदले में उसे अनिल से किसी प्रकार के वेतन की प्राप्ति नहीं होती। उसे केवल सोने अथवा रहने के लिए स्थान और खाने के लिए भोजन मिलता है।)

Question 4.
How does the thief think Anil will react to the theft ? (चोर क्या सोचता है कि जब अनिल को चोरी के बारे में पता चलेगा तो उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होगी?)
Answer:
The narrator is a thief. Anil gives him shelter and food. But he steals Anil’s money. After that the thief thinks that Anil will be sad when he discovers the theft.
(वर्णनकर्ता एक चोर है। अनिल उसे आश्रय और भोजन प्रदान करता है। लेकिन वह अनिल का पैसा चुरा लेता है। इसके बाद चोर सोचता है कि जब अनिल को चोरी के बारे में पता चलेगा तो वह उदास होगा।)

Question 5.
What does he say about the different reactions of people when they are robbed ? (वह विभिन्न लोगों की प्रतिक्रियाओं के बारे में क्या कहता है.जब वे लूट लिए जाते हैं?)
Answer:
He says that different people react differently when they are robbed. A greedy man shows fear. A rich man shows anger. A poor man shows acceptance.
(वह कहता है कि भिन्न-भिन्न लोग लूटे जाने पर भिन्न-भिन्न प्रकार की प्रतिक्रियाएँ व्यक्त करते हैं। एक लालची व्यक्ति भय व्यक्त करता है। एक अमीर व्यक्ति क्रोध व्यक्त करता है। एक गरीब व्यक्ति परित्याग की भावना का प्रदर्शन करता है।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 6.
Does Anil realise that he has been robbed?
(क्या अनिल को अहसास होता है कि वह लुट चुका है?)
Answer:
It is possible that Anil does realise that he has been robbed. The next morning he gives a fifty rupee note to Hari Singh. The note is still wet. This might have made him realise the truth. But he is a large-hearted person. He behaves as if nothing has happened.
(यह संभव है कि अनिल को अहसास हो गया हो कि वह लुट चुका है। अगली सुबह वह हरि सिंह को पचास रुपए का एक नोट देता है। नोट अभी भी गीला है। इससे उसे सच्चाई का अहसास हो सकता है। लेकिन वह एक विशाल हृदय वाला व्यक्ति है। वह ऐसे व्यवहार करता है जैसे कुछ भी न हुआ हो।)

Think about it (Page 13)

Question 1.
What are Hari Singh’s reactions to the prospect of receiving an education? Do they change over time? (Hint: Compare, for example, the thought: “I knew that once I could write like an educated man there would be no limit to what I could achieve” with these later thoughts: “Whole sentences, I knew, could one day bring me more than a few hundred rupees. It was a simple matter to steal – and sometimes just as simple to be caught. But to be a really big man, a clever and respected man, was something else.”) What makes him return to Anil?
(शिक्षा ग्रहण करने की प्रत्याशा में हरि सिंह की क्या प्रतिक्रियाएँ हैं? क्या वे समय के साथ बदल जाती हैं? (संकेतः उदाहरण के लिए इस विचार की तुलना कीजिए “मैं जानता था कि एक बार में पढ़े-लिखे इंसान की तरह लिखने लग गया तो उसकी प्राप्तियों की कोई सीमा नहीं रहेगी” कि बाद के इस विचार “पूर्ण वाक्य, मैं जानता था मुझे एक दिन कुछ सौ रुपर्यों से अधिक उपलब्ध करा सकते थे। चोरी करना एक आसान काम था और कई बार पकड़ा जाना भी आसान काम था। लेकिन वास्तव में एक बड़ा आदमी, एक चालाक और सम्मानित आदमी बनना कुछ अलग था”) के साथ तुलना कीजिए। वह अनिल के पास वापिस क्यों लौटता है?)
Answer:
Hari Singh comes to Anil’s house as a servant. Anil offers to educate him. He is overjoyed. But his reactions to the prospect of receiving an education undergo a change with the passage of time. In the beginning he thinks that if he wrote like an educated man he could achieve limitless success (or money). Later, there is some change in this perception. He feels that if he wrote whole sentences, they could bring him more than a few hundred rupees. Then money loses attraction for him with reference to education. What he wants from education is to become a big man, a clever and respected man. This makes him return to Anil because only Anil could teach him as he wants.

(हरि सिंह अनिल के घर एक नौकर के रूप में आता है। अनिल उसे पढ़ाने की पेशकश करता है। वह अत्यधिक प्रसन्न है। लेकिन शिक्षा प्राप्ति से उसकी प्रत्याशाएँ समय बीतने के साथ बदलती रहती हैं। आरंभ में वह सोचता है कि यदि वह एक शिक्षित व्यक्ति की भाँति लिखता तो वह अत्यधिक सफलता प्राप्त कर सकता था अथवा पैसे। लेकिन बाद में इस विचार में परिवर्तन आता है। वह महसूस करता है कि यदि वह पूरे वाक्य लिखता, तो इससे उसे कुछ सौ रुपयों से अधिक प्राप्त हो सकता था। इस प्रकार से शिक्षा के संदर्भ में धन अपना आकर्षण खोता जा रहा है। वह शिक्षा के द्वारा एक बड़ा व्यक्ति, एक चतुर और सम्मानित व्यक्ति बनना चाहता है। इससे वह अनिल के पास लौट आता है क्योंकि अनिल ही उसे ऐसी शिक्षा दे सकता था जैसी उसे चाहिए थी।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 2.
Why does not Anil hand the thief over to the police? Do you think most people would have done so? In what ways is Anil different from such employers?
(अनिल चोर को पुलिस को क्यों नहीं सौंपता है? क्या आप सोचते हो कि अधिकतर लोग ऐसा ही करते हैं? अनिल कैसे इस प्रकार के नियोक्ताओं से भिन्न है?)
Answer:
The next morning, Anil does not find the money missing. But he might have noticed that the notes were damp. It would have been clear to him that Hari Singh had tried to steal the money. But he does not show any emotion. Hari Singh studies his face. There is no sign of his having detected the theft. However, it is possible that he detected the truth. But he does not hand over Hari Singh to the police. He is a large-hearted person. Perhaps Hari Singh’s.coming back changed his mind. .
But most people do not behave like Anil. In Anil’s position, they could have ha to the police after beating them themselves. Anil is different because he decides to reform the thief through kindness and sympathy.

(अगली सुबह अनिल को पैसा गायब नहीं मिलता है। लेकिन हो सकता है उसने देख लिया हो कि नोट गीले थे। उसे यह स्पष्ट हो गया होगा कि हरि सिंह ने पैसों को चुराने की कोशिश की थी। लेकिन वह किसी भावना को प्रदर्शित नहीं करता है। हरि सिंह उसके चेहरे का अध्ययन करता है। उसके चेहरे पर ऐसा कोई संकेत नहीं था कि उसे चोरी के बारे में पता चल चुका था। हालाँकि यह संभव हो सकता है कि उसे सच्चाई पता चल चुकी थी। लेकिन वह हरि सिंह को पुलिस के हवाले नहीं करता है। वह एक बड़े दिल वाला व्यक्ति है। शायद हरि सिंह की वापसी ने इसके मन को परिवर्तित कर दिया था। लेकिन अधिकतर लोग अनिल की तरह व्यवहार नहीं करते हैं। अनिल की स्थिति में अधिकतर लोग ऐसे लोगों को स्वयं पीटने के बाद पुलिस के हवाले कर देंगे। अनिल भिन्न है क्योंकि वह दयालुता और सहानुभूति के माध्यम से चोर को सुधारना चाहता है।)

Talk about it (Page 13)

Question 1.
Do you think people like Anil and Hari Singh are found only in fiction, or are there such people in real life?
क्या आपके विचार में अनिल और हरि सिंह जैसे लोग केवल उपन्यासों में ही मिलते हैं. या क्या ऐसे लोग वास्तविक जीवन में भी पाए जाते हैं?)
Answer:
It is true that people are becoming materialistic and hard-hearted. But it is also true that people like Anil and Hari Singh are still found in real life also. But their number is very small.
(यह बात सच है कि लोग भौतिकवादी और कठोर हृदय वाले होते जा रहे हैं। लेकिन यह बात भी सच है कि वर्तमान समय में भी अनिल और हरि सिंह जैसे लोग पाए जाते हैं। लेकिन ऐसे लोगों की संख्या बहुत कम है।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 2.
Do you think it a significant detail in the story that Anil is a struggling writer? Does this explain his behaviour in any way?
(क्या आपके विचार में अनिल का एक संघर्षशील लेखक होना एक महत्त्वपूर्ण घटना है? क्या यह किसी प्रकार से उसके व्यवहार को प्रदर्शित करता है?)
Answer:
It is a significant detail in the story that Anil is a struggling writer. He leads a hand to mouth existence. He earns money by fits and starts. So he knows what it means to be without money. He can under stand Hari Singh’s position. That is why, he takes him as a servant although he has no money to pay him salary. He has a large heart. So, although he may have detected the theft of his money, he does not report to the police.

(यह एक महत्त्वपूर्ण व्याख्या है कि अनिल एक संघर्षशील लेखक है। वह एक तंगी भरा जीवन व्यतीत करता है। वह अनियमित रूप से पैसा कमाता है। इसलिए वह जानता है कि बिना पैसे के होना कैसा होता है। वह हरि सिंह की स्थिति को समझ सकता है। यही कारण है कि वेतन के लिए भुगतान करने के पैसे न होने के बावजूद भी वह उसे नौकर के रूप में काम दे देता है। वह एक विशाल हृदल वाला है। इसलिए, यद्यपि हो सकता है उसे धन की चोरी के बारे में पता लग गया हो लेकिन वह इसकी सूचना पुलिस को नहीं देता है।)

Question 3.
Have you met anyone like Hari Singh? Can you think and imagine the circumstances that can turn a fifteen-year-old boy into a thief? (क्या आप हरि सिंह जैसे किसी आदमी से मिले हैं? क्या आप उन परिस्थितियों के बारे में सोच सकते हो अथवा कल्पना कर सकते हो जो एक पंद्रह वर्ष के बालक को चोर बना देती हैं?)
Answer:
Yes, I have met a boy like Hari Singh. He used to commit petty crimes. I studied his life. I came to the conclusion that the circumstances make one a thief. Poverty is the biggest factor. One is prepared to do anything to douse the fire burning in his belly. This can turn a young man into a thief.

(हाँ, मैं हरि सिंह जैसे लड़के से मिला हूँ। वह छोटे-छोटे अपराध किया करता था। मैंने उसके जीवन का अध्ययन किया। मैं इस निष्कर्ष पर पहुँचा कि परिस्थितियाँ आदमी को चोर बना देती हैं। गरीबी सबसे बड़ा पहलू है। आदमी अपने पेट की आग को बुझाने के लिए कोई भी काम करने को तैयार हो जाता है। यह एक युवक को चोर बना देती है।)

Question 4.
Where is the story set? (You can get clues from the names of the persons and places mentioned in it.) Which language or languages are spoken in these places? Do you think the characters in the story spoke to each other in English?
(यह कहानी कहाँ रची गई है (आप इस कहानी में वर्णित व्यक्तियों और स्थानों के नामों से संकेत ले सकते हैं) इन स्थानों पर कौन-सी भाषा या भाषाएँ बोली जाती हैं? क्या आपके विचार में कहानी के पात्र अंग्रेज़ी भाषा में बात करते हैं?)
Answer:
It appears that the story is set in Delhi. A number of clues point to this fact. These are : “The Jumna Sweet Shop’, ‘railway station’, ‘The Lucknow Express was just moving out’. Hindi, English and other Indian languages are spoken in it. I do not think the characters in the story spoke to each other in English. However, they might have used some English words like time’, ‘train’, ‘clock tower’.

(ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि कहानी दिल्ली में रची गई है। बहुत सारे सुराग इस ओर संकेत कर रहे हैं। ये संकेत हैं ‘जमना स्वीट शॉप’ ‘रेलवे स्टेशन’ ‘लखनऊ एक्सप्रेस अभी-अभी छूट ही रही थी। इस कहानी में हिंदी, अंग्रेज़ी और अन्य भाषाएँ बोली गई हैं। मेरे विचार में इस कहानी के पात्र आपस में अंग्रेज़ी भाषा में बातचीत नहीं करते हैं। हालाँकि उन्होंने अंग्रेज़ी भाषा के कुछ शब्दों जैसे ‘time’, ‘train’ और ‘clock tower’ का प्रयोग अवश्य ही किया है।)

JAC Class 10th English The Thief’s Story Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who does ‘I’ refer to in the story ‘The Thief’s Story
Answer:
In this story ‘I’ refers to the thief boy, Hari Singh.

Question 2.
What is the thief boy “a fairly successful hand”at?
Answer:
He is a fairly successful hand at stealing.

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 3.
How old is Anil?
Answer:
He is twenty five years old.

Question 4.
What was Anil doing when the thief boy met him?
Answer:
He was watching a wrestling match.

Question 5.
Where did Anil live?
Answer:
Anil lived on a shop named Jumna Sweet Shop.

Question 6.
How old is the thief boy?
Answer:
He is fifteen years old.

Question 7.
Who is the narrator of the story “The Thief’s Story”?
Answer:
The thief boy named Hari Singh is the narrator of the story.

Question 8.
What did Anil do for living?
Answer:
He wrote articles for magazines to earn money.

Question 9.
Why was the thief boy grateful to Anil?
Answer:
The thief boy was grateful to Anil because he was teaching him how to read and write.

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 10.
Which train the thief boy wanted to catch?
Answer:
He wanted to catch Lucknow Express.

Question 11.
What did Anil give to the boy in the morning?
Answer:
Anil gave a fifty rupee note to the boy in the morning.

Question 12.
Did the thief boy buy any ticket?
Answer:
No, the thief boy did not buy any ticket.

Question 13.
Which month of the year was it when the thief boy was sitting in the rain in the park?
Answer:
It was the month of November.

Question 14.
What was Hari Singh’s opinion about friends?
Answer:
He thought that friends were more trouble some than a help.

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 15.
Where did the thief boy ultimately decide to returned?
Answer:
He ultimately decided to return to Anil

Question 16.
What type of a person was Anil?
Answer:
Anil was a carefree and gentle person.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who is ‘T’ in this story? Why did he change his name every month?
(इस कहानी में ‘मैं’ कौन है? वह हर महीने अपना नाम क्यों बदल लेता था?)
Or
Why did Hari Singh hide his real name?
(हरि सिंह ने अपना असली नाम क्यों छिपाया?)
Answer:
In this story ‘I’ is a boy thief of 15 years. He often changed his name every month to avoid being caught by the police and his former employers. This time he tells that his name is Hari Singh.
(इस कहानी में ‘मैं’ एक 15 वर्षीय चोर बालक है। वह पुलिस के द्वारा पकड़े जाने और अपने पहले वाले नियोक्ताओं से बचने के लिए हर महीने अपना नाम बदल लेता था। इस बार वह अपना नाम हरि सिंह बताता है।)

Question 2.
Why did Hari Singh smile in his most appealing way?
(हरि सिंह अपनी सबसे आकर्षक मुद्रा में क्यों मुस्कुराया?).
Answer:
Hari Singh cooked food for Anil. He did not know anything about cooking. Anil could not eat it. He threw it to a stray dog. He asked the boy to go away from his house. But the boy did not want to leave him. So, he smiled in his most appealing way.
(हरि सिंह ने अनिल के लिए भोजन पकाया। वह भोजन पकाने के बारे में कुछ भी नहीं जानता था। अनिल इस भोजन को खा न सका। उसने उसे एक आवारा कुत्ते के पास फेंक दिया। उसने लड़के को अपने घर से चले जाने को कहा। लेकिन वह उसे नहीं छोड़ना चाहता था। इसलिए वह अपने सबसे आकर्षक ढंग से हँसा।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 3.
Why was the thief grateful to Anil?
(चोर अनिल का आभारी क्यों था?)
Answer:
The thief was grateful to Anil because he gave him a job. Secondly, he promised to teach him to read and write.
(चोर अनिल का आभारी था क्योंकि उसने उसे नौकरी दी थी। दूसरे, उसने उसे पढ़ना और लिखना सिखाने का वचन दिया था।)

Question 4.
Why did he want to become an educated man?
(वह पढ़ा-लिखा व्यक्ति क्यों बनना चाहता था?)
Answer:
He was an uneducated person. He made his living by stealing and cheating others. He thought if he were educated there would be no limit to what he would achieve.
(वह एक अनपढ़ व्यक्ति था। वह चोरी करने या दूसरों को ठगकर अपनी आजीविका कमाता था। उसने सोचा कि यदि वह पढ़-लिख गया तो उसकी उपलब्धियों की कोई सीमा नहीं रहेगी।)

Question 5.
What was Anil’s job? What did he usually do with the money he earned ? (अनिल का क्या काम था? जो धन वह कमाता था उसका वह प्रायः क्या करता था?)
Answer:
Anil was a writer. He wrote articles for magazines. He had no regular source of income. He earned by fits and starts. When he earned some money, he would go out to celebrate.
(अनिल एक लेखक था। वह पत्रिकाओं के लिए लेख लिखा करता था। उसकी आय का कोई नियमित साधन नहीं था। वह अनियमित ढंग से धन कमाता था। जब वह कुछ धन कमा लेता था तो वह मौज-मस्ती करने बाहर चला जाता था।)

Question 6.
How can you say that Anil was easy going and extravagant?
(आप कैसे कह सकते है कि अनिल आरामपसंद और फिजुलखर्च करने वाला व्यक्ति है?).
Answer:
Anil was an easy going man. It was simple for the thief boy to make him a victim. Anil was extravagant. He spent the money he earned on his friends.
(अनिल आरामपसंद व्यक्ति है। चोर बालक के लिए उसे शिकार बनाना आसान था। अनिल फिजूलखर्ची है। वह अपने द्वारा कमाया गया धन अपने मित्रों पर खर्च करता है।)

Question 7.
How did he think Anil would react when he discovered the theft? Why did he think so?
(उसने क्या सोचा कि जब अनिल को चोरी का पता चलेगा तो वह कैसे प्रतिक्रिया करेगा? उसने ऐसा क्यों सोचा?)
Answer:
Hari Singh thought that when Anil would come to know of the theft, his face would show a touch of sadness. It would not be for the loss of money but for the loss of trust.
(हरि सिंह ने सोचा कि जब अनिल को चोरी के बारे में पता चलेगा तो उसके चेहरे पर उदासी के भाव प्रकट होंगे। यह धन के खोने के कारण नहीं बल्कि विश्वास के खोने के कारण होगा।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 8.
What made him come back to Anil?
(वह अनिल के पास क्यों लौट आया?) .
Answer:
Anil had been teaching Hari Singh to read and write. He thought that without education, he would remain only a thief. But with education, he would become a big, clever and respected man: This made him come back to Anil.
(अनिल हरि सिंह को पढ़ना और लिखना सिखा रहा था। उसने सोचा कि बिना शिक्षा के वह केवल एक चोर ही रहेगा, लेकिन पढ़ने-लिखने के पश्चात् वह एक बड़ा, चतुर और सम्मानित व्यक्ति बन जाएगा। यही सोचकर वह अनिल के पास वापस लौट आया।)

Question 9.
What did Anil give him in the morning? In what condition was it?
(अनिल ने उसे प्रातःकाल क्या दिया? यह किस स्थिति में था?)
Answer:
Anil gave him a fifty-rupee note in the morning. It was still wet from the night’s rain.
(अनिल ने प्रातःकाल उसे एक पचास रुपए का नोट दिया। यह अभी भी रात की हुई वर्षा के कारण गीला था।)

Question 10.
How did the thief realise that Anil knew that it had been stolen?
(चोर ने कैसे जाना कि अनिल को मालूम हो गया है कि नोट चोरी किए गए थे?) .
Answer:
Anil gave a fifty rupee note to the thief. It was still wet from the night’s rain. So, the thief realised that Anil knew that it had been stolen.
(अनिल ने चोर को पचास रुपए का नोट दिया। यह अभी भी रात को हुई वर्षा के कारण गीला था। इसलिए चोर ने महसूस किया कि अनिल को मालूम हो गया है कि नोट चोरी किए गए थे।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 11.
How did the thief know that Anil had forgiven him ?
(चोर ने कैसे जाना कि अनिल ने उसे क्षमा कर दिया है?)
Answer:
Anil did not express in any way that he knew about the stealing. Moreover, he promised to pay him regularly. He also promised to continue with his teaching him full sentences.
(अनिल ने किसी भी तरह यह प्रदर्शित नहीं होने दिया कि उसे चोरी के बारे में पता है। उसने कहा कि वह उसे नियमित रूप से वेतन देगा। उसने यह भी वायदा किया कि वह उसे पूरे वाक्य सिखाना जारी रखेगा।)

Question 12.
Why did the thief smile without any effort towards the end of the story?
(कहानी के अंत में चोर के चेहरे पर बिना किसी प्रयास के मुस्कान क्यों आ गई?)
Answer:
The thief was under tension that his master would be angry with him for stealing the money. But Anil did not express any anger. He said that he would pay him regularly and would remain continue teaching him full sentences. This made him tension free and he smiled without any effort.
(चोर इस बात से तनाव में था कि उसका मालिक उससे पैसों की चोरी करने के कारण नाराज होगा। लेकिन अनिल ने किसी प्रकार का कोई गुस्सा प्रदर्शित नहीं किया। उसने कहा कि अब वह उसे नियमित रूप से वेतन देगा और उसे पूरे वाक्य सिखाना जारी रखेगा। इसने उसे तनाव मुक्त कर दिया और वह बिना किसी प्रयास के हँस पड़ा।)

Question 13.
Why, according to Hari, is it difficult to rob a careless man?
(हरि के अनुसार, एक लापरवाह व्यक्ति को लूटना मुश्किल क्यों है?)
Answer:
Hari thinks that it is difficult to rob a careless man. Sometimes he does not even notice that he has been robbed. This takes out the joy of robbing him.
(हरि का विचार है कि एक लापरवाह व्यक्ति को लूटना कठिन है। कई बार तो उसे पता भी नहीं चलता कि वह लुट गया है। इससे उसे लूटने का मजा समाप्त हो जाता है।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 14.
Why did Hari Singh think of doing some real work?
(हरि सिंह कुछ वास्तविक कार्य करने की बात क्यों सोचता है?)
Answer:
By ‘real work’ Hari Singh means stealing. He wants to steal Anil’s money because he has not stolen anything for a long time. Secondly, Anil is a careless man. If Hari Singh did not steal his money, he would waste it on useless things.
(‘वास्तविक कार्य से हरि सिंह का अभिप्राय चोरी करने से है। वह अनिल के पैसे चुराना चाहता है क्योंकि बहुत समय से उसने कुछ नहीं चुराया है। दूसरे, अनिल एक लापरवाह व्यक्ति है। अगर हरि सिंह उसके पैसे नहीं चुराएगा तो वह इसे बेकार के कामों पर नष्ट कर देगा।)

Question 15.
What made him think that he could live like an oil-rich Arab for sometime?
(उसने ऐसा क्यों सोचा कि कुछ समय तक वह एक तेल से हुए अमीर अरब की तरह रह सकता है?)
Answer:
Hart Singh was a poor boy. He stole Anil’s bundle of notes. It was a sum of 600 rupees. Hari Singh thought that he could live in luxury like an oil-rich Arab for sometime on this stolen money.
(हरि सिंह एक गरीब लड़का था। उसने अनिल का नोटों का बंडल चुरा लिया। यह राशि 600 रुपए थी। हरि सिंह ने सोचा कि चोरी के इन पैसों से वह कुछ समय तक तेल से हुए अमीर अरब की तरह रह सकता है।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 16.
Why should he find friends to be more trouble than help?
(उसे मित्र सहायता की अपेक्षा तकलीफ देते क्यों महसूस होते हैं?)
Answer:
Hari Singh was a very poor boy. Those whom he knew were also poor like him. So, he thought that friends would be troublesome.
(हरि सिंह एक बहुत गरीब लड़का था। वे सभी जिन्हें वह जानता था उसकी तरह ही गरीब थे। इसलिए उसने सोचा कि मित्र कष्टकारी सिद्ध होंगे।)

Question 17.
Why did he feel nervous about going back to Anil’s room?
(वह अनिल के कमरे में वापस जाने से घबरा क्यों रहा था?)
Answer:
Hari Singh decided to go back to Anil and replace the stolen money under the mattress. But he felt nervous about going there. He thought that it was much easier to steal something than to return it undetected.
(हरि सिंह ने निर्णय किया कि वह अनिल के पास जाकर चुराया हुआ पैसा गद्दे के नीचे रख देगा। मगर वह वहाँ जाने के बारे में घबरा रहा था। उसने सोचा कि किसी चीज को चुराना अधिक आसान है, बजाए इसके कि उसे चुपचाप लौटा दिया जाए।)

Question 18.
How was Hari Singh’s ‘appealing smile’ in the end different from similar smiles of his on earlier occasions?
(आखिर में हरि सिंह की ‘आग्रह बाली’ मुस्कुराहट पहले के अवसरों से भिन्न किस प्रकार थी?)
Answer:
On earlier occasions, Hari Singh’s appealing smile’ had been artificial. It was full of flattery. But in the end, his smile was real. It was natural and appealing.
(पहले के अवसरों पर हरि सिंह की ‘आग्रह वाली मुस्कुराहट’ बनावटी होती थी। यह चापलूसी से भरपूर होती थी। लेकिन अंत में उसकी मुस्कान असली थी। यह स्वाभाविक और सुखद (आकर्षक) थी।)

Essay Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a character sketch of the thief boy.
(चोर लड़के का चरित्र चित्रण कीजिए।)
Answer:
The thief was a fifteen years old boy. But in this story he has been presented as a well experienced and skilful thief. He had a great knowledge of human behaviour. He knew that simple looking persons could be robbed easily. He had an understanding that a little flattery could help in making friends. He was clever enough to change his name to keep himself away from the police and his former employers. He was perfect in telling lies. He had a desire to become a big man in life. He robbed Anil of his six hundred rupees. But in one corner of his heart there was a sense of trust and goodness. He thought that he should not betray Anil. He had an ambition of becoming a big man and he knew that he could realise his ambition only when he is educated. Thus, he was an interesting character.

(चोर एक 15 वर्ष का लड़का था। लेकिन इस कहानी में उसे बहुत अधिक अनुभवी और कार्यकुशल चोर के रूप में प्रस्तुत किया गया है। उसे मानव व्यवहार का काफी ज्ञान था। वह जानता था कि सीधे-सादे दिखने वाले लोगों को आसानी से ठगा जा सकता है। उसकी एक सोच थी कि थोड़ी-सी चापलूसी मित्र बनाने में बहुत अधिक सहायक सिद्ध हो सकती है। वह इतना चालाक था कि पुलिस और अपने पूर्व नियोक्ताओं से बचने के लिए हर महीने अपना नाम बदल लिया करता था। वह झूठ बोलने में निपुण था। उसके मन में बड़ा आदमी बनने की इच्छा थी। उसने अनिल के 600 रुपए चुरा लिए लेकिन उसके दिल के एक कोने में विश्वास और अच्छाई की भावना थी। उसने सोचा कि उसे अनिल को धोखा नहीं देना चाहिए। उसका जीवन में एक बड़ा आदमी बनने का लक्ष्य था और वह जानता था कि वह अपने लक्ष्य को तभी प्राप्त कर सकता है यदि वह पढ़ा-लिखा होगा। इस प्रकार से वह एक दिलचस्प व्यक्ति है।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 2.
Draw a character sketch of Anil.
(अनिल का चरित्र चित्रण कीजिए।)
Or
Who was Anil?
How did he treat Hari Singh and how did it influence Hari’s life?
(अनिल कौन था? उसने हरि सिंह के साथ कैसे व्यवहार किया और इसने हरि सिंह के जीवन को कैसे प्रभावित किया ?)
Answer:
Anil was a young man of 25 years. He was a tall and lean fellow. He looked easygoing and kind. A small boy met him. The boy wanted to rob him. He found him fit for his purpose. The boy told him that he wanted to do a job for him. He said that he could cook the food. Anil gave him a job. The food cooked by the boy was very terrible. He told the boy to run away but later he taught him to cook the food and to learn reading and writing. Anil earned money by fits and starts. He wrote articles for magazines. One day he earned 600 rupees. In the night the thief boy stole the money and ran out in the rain. Later his heart changed and he decided to put the money back under the mattress. Anil discovered all this. But he was so large-hearted that he said nothing to the boy. Instead he promised to pay him regularly.

(अनिल 25 वर्ष का एक नवयुवक था। वह एक लंबा और दुबला-पतला व्यक्ति था। वह सीधा-सादा और दयालु-सा दिखाई देता था। उसे एक छोटा लड़का मिला। लड़का उसे ठगना चाहता था। उसने उसे अपने उद्देश्य के लिए उपयुक्त पाया। लड़के ने बताया कि वह उसके लिए काम करना चाहता है। उसने कहा कि वह भोजन पका सकता है। अनिल ने उसे नौकरी दे दी। लड़के द्वारा पकाया गया भोजन बहुत भयानक था। उसने लड़के को वहाँ से भाग जाने के लिए कहा लेकिन बाद में उसने उसे भोजन पकाना और पढ़ना और लिखना सिखाया। अनिल नियमित रूप से धन नहीं कमाता था । वह पत्रिकाओं के लिए लेख लिखा करता था। एक दिन उसने 600 रुपए कमाए। रात्रि के समय चोर बालक ने वह धन चुरा लिया और बाहर वर्षा में भाग गया। बाद में उसके हृदय में परिवर्तन हुआ और उसने धन को गद्दे को नीचे रखने का निर्णय कर लिया। अनिल को इस पूरे प्रकरण का पता चल गया। लेकिन वह इतने बड़े दिल वाला था कि उसने लड़के को कुछ भी नहीं कहा। इसके बावजूद उसने लड़के को नियमित रूप से वेतन देने का भी वचन दिया।) ।

Question 3.
How did Hari Singh rob Anil of his six-hundred rupees? What stopped him to run away?
(हरि सिंह ने अनिल से उसके 600 रुपए कैसे चोरी किए? उसे भागने से किसने रोका?)
Or
What made the narrator steal Anil’s six hundred rupees? What did he do after that? Why did he put the money back under the mattress?
(वर्णनकर्ता ने अनिल के छः सौ रुपए क्यों चुराए? उसके बाद उसने क्या किया? उसने धन को वापस गद्दे के नीचे क्यों रख दिया?)
Answer:
The thief boy metAnil. He found him an easygoing person. In his mind, he decided to rob him. He said that he would cook food for him. He told Anil that his name was Hari Singh. Anil engaged him on work. He taught him to cook the food and to read and write. Anil had no regular income. One day he brought a small bundle of 600 rupees. He put the bundle under his mattress. When he was fast asleep, the boy drew out the bundle under the mattress and ran to the station to catch the Lucknow Mail at 10:30 p.m. The train had just steamed off. But something stopped his feet to jump into the train compartment. It was Anil’s goodness and carelessness. He realised his folly and decided to go back to Anil. So he went back and placed the money under the mattress.

(चोर बालक अनिल से मिला। उसने उसे एक सीधे-सादे व्यक्ति के रूप में पाया। उसने अपने मन में उसे ठगने की सोची। उसने कहा कि वह उसके लिए भोजन पकाएगा। उसने अनिल को अपना नाम हरि सिंह बताया। अनिल ने उसे काम पर रख लिया। उसने उसे भोजन पकाना, पढ़ना-लिखना सिखाया। अनिल को कोई नियमित आमदनी नहीं थी। एक दिन वह 600 रुपए का एक छोटा बंडल लेकर आया। उसने बंडल को अपने गद्दे के नीचे रख दिया। जब वह गहरी नींद में सोया हुआ था, लड़के ने गद्दे के नीचे से बंडल को निकाल लिया और 10 : 30 बजे वाली लखनऊ मेल को पकड़ने के लिए स्टेशन की ओर भागा। गाड़ी अभी चली ही थी। लेकिन किसी चीज ने उसके कदमों को रेलगाड़ी में चढ़ने से रोक दिया। यह अनिल की अच्छाई और उसकी लापरवाही थी। उसे अपनी गलती का अहसास हुआ और अनिल के पास वापस जाने का फैसला किया। इसलिए वह वापस गया और धन को गद्दे के नीचे रख दिया।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 4.
Why did Hari Singh decide to return the stolen money? What light does it throw on his character?
(हरि सिंह चोरी किए हुए धन को लौटाने का निर्णय क्यों लेता है? यह बात उसके चरित्र पर क्या प्रकाश डालती है?)
Or
Love can transform even a thief. How is it true in the case of Hari Singh?
(प्रेम चोर को भी बदल सकता है। हरि सिंह के मामले में यह कैसे सच है?)
Answer:
After stealing the money when Hari Singh reached the station, he could not board the Lucknow Express though he could easily get on it. He stood alone on the deserted platform and thought about Anil who he knew would feel only sadness for the loss of trust when he discovered the theft. He felt that he should go back to Anil if only to read and write. So he decided to return to Anil feeling very nervous. The thief was very grateful to Anil and quite liked working for him. Since Anil was the most trusting man he had met. Anil’s confidence had awaken his conscience. He wanted to become a good man. Anil could only make him a good man. So he decided to come back to Anil and return the money that he had stolen.

(धन चुराने के पश्चात् जब हरि सिंह स्टेशन पर पहुंचा, तो वह लखनऊ मेल पर सवार नहीं हो सका, यद्यपि वह आसानीपूर्वक उस पर सवार हो सकता था। वह सुनसान प्लेटफार्म पर अकेला खड़ा था और अनिल के बारे में सोच रहा था जिसे कि वह जानता था कि जब उसे चोरी का पता चलेगा तो वह विश्वास के टूटने के कारण उदास होगा। उसने महसूस किया कि यदि वह पढ़ना और लिखना सीखना चाहता है तो उसे अनिल के पास वापस चला जाना चाहिए। इसलिए उसने घबराहट की दशा में अनिल के पास वापस जाने का निर्णय ले लिया। चोर अनिल का बहुत आभारी था और उसके लिए काम करने को बहुत पसंद करता था, क्योंकि आज तक उसे जितने भी आदमी मिले थे अनिल उनमें सबसे अधिक विश्वास करने वाला व्यक्ति था। अनिल के विश्वास ने उसके जमीर को जगा दिया था। वह एक अच्छा व्यक्ति बनना चाहता था। केवल अनिल ही उसे एक अच्छा व्यक्ति बना सकता था। इसलिए उसने अनिल के पास वापस आने और चोरी किए हुए धन को लौटाने का निर्णय लिया।)

Question 5.
What kind of a life was Hari Singh leading with Anil?
(हरि सिंह अनिल के साथ किस प्रकार का जीवन व्यतीत कर रहा था?)
Answer:
Anil engaged Hari Singh as a house-servant. His duty was to cook food and prepare tea for Anil. He was not expert in cooking. But Anil taught him how to cook food. He went to market to buy vegetables and other things of daily necessity. For the thief it was quite pleasant working for Anil. Anil had told him that he would teach him reading and writing. The thief was grateful to Anil for giving him a job and for his promise to make him an educated man. He knew that once he could write like an educated man then there would be no limit to what he could achieve.

(अनिल ने हरि सिंह को एक घरेलू नौकर के रूप में नौकरी पर लगा लिया। उसका काम अनिल के लिए भोजन पकाना और चाय बनाना था। वह भोजन पकाने की कला में निपुण नहीं था। लेकिन अनिल ने उसे भोजन पकाना सिखाया। वह सब्जियाँ तथा दैनिक आवश्यकता की अन्य वस्तुओं को खरीदने के लिए बाजार जाता था। चोर के लिए अनिल जैसे व्यक्ति के लिए काम करना एक सुखद अनुभव था। अनिल ने उसे बता दिया था कि वह उसे पढ़ना और लिखना सिखा देगा। चोर अनिल के प्रति उसे नौकरी देने और उसे शिक्षित व्यक्ति बनाने के आश्वासन के लिए बहुत आभारी था। वह जानता था कि एक बार वह एक शिक्षित व्यक्ति की तरह लिखना सीख गया तो तब उसकी प्राप्तियों की कोई सीमा नहीं रहेगी।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 6.
‘The Thief’s Story’ is an in-depth study of human mind. Discuss.
(‘The Thier’s Story मानव मन के अंतःकरण के अध्ययन की कहानी है। वर्णन कीजिए।).
Answer:
The human mind is a very complex thing. It is a mixture of opposite opinions. Sometimes a man fails to understand his own mind. In this story the same thing has been presented by Ruskin Bond through the character of a thief boy Hari Singh. The boy starts working for Anil. His primary aim was to rob him. Anil’s carelessness wins his heart. But the boy’s bad mind provokes him to rob Anil of his money. One day he robs his six hundred rupees and runs away to the station. But his good mind stops him boarding the train. He decides to come back to Anil and return his money. So this story is an in-depth study of human mind.

(मानव मन एक बहुत ही जटिल चीज है। यह विपरीत अवधारणाओं का मिश्रण है। कई बार तो व्यक्ति अपने मन को भी नहीं समझ पाता है। इस कहानी में भी चोर बालक हरि सिंह के चरित्र के माध्यम से Ruskin Bond के द्वारा इसी चीज को प्रस्तुत किया गया है। लड़का अनिल के लिए काम करना शुरू कर देता है। उसका प्राथमिक उद्देश्य उसे लूटना था। अनिल की लापरवाही ने उसके दिल को जीत लिया। लेकिन लडके का बरा मन उसे अनिल के पैसे लटने के लिए उकसाता है। एक दिन वह उसके 600 रुपए चुरा कर स्टेशन पर भाग जाता है। लेकिन उसका अच्छा मन उसे गाड़ी पर सवार होने से रोक देता है। वह अनिल के पास वापस आने और धन लौटाने का निर्णय लेता है। अतः यह कहानी मानव मन के अन्तःकरण का अध्ययन है।)

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
What was the name of the thief boy?
(A) Anil
(B) Ajit Singh
(C) Hari Singh
(D) Chander
Answer:
(C) Hari Singh

Question 2.
How old was the thief boy?
(A) 10 years
(B) 15 years
(C) 16 years
(D) 14 years
Answer:
(B) 15 years

Question 3.
How old was Anil?
(A) 20 years
(B) 21 years
(C) 22 years
(D) 25 years
Answer:
(D) 25 years

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 4.
Who is the narrator of the story “The Thief’s Story’?
(A) Hari Singh
(B) Anil
(C) Ruskin Bond
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) Hari Singh

Question 5.
What did Anil do for a living?
(A) wrote articles for magazines
(B) wrestling
(C) acting
(D) business
Answer:
(A) wrote articles for magazines

Question 6.
What was Anil doing when the thief boy met him?
(A) writing an article
(B) watching a match
(C) playing cricket
(D) going on the road
Answer:
(B) watching a match

Question 7.
Anil lived in a room on a shop named:
(A) Jumna Sweet Shop
(B) Ganesh Sweet Shop
(C) Ganga Sweet Shop
(D) Shah Sweet Shop
Answer:
(A) Jumna Sweet Shop

Question 8.
What did the boy ask Anil?
(A) to give him some money
(B) to employ him
(C) to give him a lift
(D) to tell him the way
Answer:
(B) to employ him

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 9.
What did Anil do to the food cooked by the boy the first day?
(A) ate it with enjoy
(B) put it in the cupboard
(C) threw it to a stray dog
(D) asked the boy to eat it all
Answer:
(C) threw it to a stray dog

Question 10.
What did Hari Singh want from Anil?
(A) help
(B) shelter
(C) money
(D) work
Answer:
(D) work

Question 11.
What was the boy’s real profession?
(A) a household servant
(B) theft
(C) cheating
(D) working honestly
Answer:
(B) theft

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

Question 12.
What did Anil do with the money when he received a cheque?
(A) deposited it in his account
(B) bought household things
(C) went out to celebrate
(D) paid salary to the boy
Answer:
(C) went out to celebrate

Question 13.
Which of the following traits describes
Anil?
(A) easy-going
(B) careful
(C) greedy
(D) extravagant
Answer:
(A) easy-going

Question 14.
The thief boy was grateful to Anil for:
(A) giving him a job
(B) giving him money
(C) watching wrestling match
(D) talking with him with him
Answer:
(A) giving him a job

Question 15.
What promise did Anil make to the thief boy?
(A) giving him a good job
(B) giving him good clothes
(C) teaching him reading and writing
(D) playing with him
Answer:
(C) teaching him reading and writing

The Thief’s Story Summary in English

The Thief’s Story Introduction in English

Ruskin Bond is a famous Indian writer. ‘The Thief’s Story’ is one of his well known stories. In this story, the writer shows how the reformation of a criminal is best achieved through love and understanding rather than punishment. Hari Singh is a thief and a cheat. He comes into contact with Anil. Anil gives him work in his house. One day Hari Singh steals Anil’s money and runs away. But the kindness and love of Anil make him come back and return the money.

The Thief’s Story Summary in English

Tari Singh was a young boy of fifteen. But he was a thief and a cheat. At a wrestling match, he came across Anil. He won Anil’s confidence and came to his house as a servant. Anil was a writer and did not earn much. So, Hari Singh agreed to work for him only for food. Hari Singh did not know how to cook. The first meal which he cooked for Anil was so bad that Anil threw it to the dogs. But Hari’s appealing smile made Anil give up his decision to turn him out.

Hari Singh did odd jobs for Anil. In the morning he made tea and then brought the day’s supplies from the market. Often he made a profit of a rupee a day out of these purchases. Anil had no regular income. He earned something by writing articles and stories for magazines. But one home with a bundle of notes. He told Hari that he had earned six hundred rupees by selling one of his books. Hari’s mouth watered at the sight of money. He decided to steal that money. Anil kept the bundle under his mattress and went to sleep.

Now Hari Singh went into the room and silently took the money under the mattress. He went to the railway station to catch the train to Lucknow. But he missed the train and walked in the bazaars. Soon it started raining and Hari was drenched completely.Then Hari Singh remembered Anil. He imagined how sad Anil would be on finding the money stolen. Hari remembered that Anil used to teach him. He thought that without education he would remain a thief.

But education might make him a big man. So, he decided to return and replace the money. He reached home and silently put the money back under the mattress. The next morning, Anil gave Hari a 50 rupee note. The note was still wet. Hari thought that his crime had been discovered. But Anil told him that he had earned something. Now he would pay Hari Singh regularly.

The Thief’s Story Summary in Hindi

The Thief’s Story Introduction in Hindi

(Ruskin Bond एक प्रसिद्ध भारतीय लेखक है। ‘The Thief’s Story’ उसकी प्रसिद्ध कहानियों में से एक है। इस कहानी में लेखक यह दर्शाता है कि किस प्रकार एक अपराधी का सुधार सजा की अपेक्षा प्यार एवं समझ से हो जाता है। हरि सिंह एक चोर और धोखेबाज है। उसकी मुलाकात अनिल से होती है। अनिल उसे अपने घर में नौकरी दे देता है। एक दिन हरि सिंह अनिल का पैसा चुराकर भाग जाता है। मगर अनिल की दया एवं प्यार उसे वापिस आने और पैसा लौटाने को मजबूर कर देते हैं।)

The Thief’s Story Summary in Hindi

हरि सिंह पंद्रह साल का एक नौजवान लड़का था। मगर वह चोर एवं धोखेबाज था। एक कुश्ती के मैच में उसकी मुलाकात अनिल से हुई। उसने अनिल का विश्वास जीत लिया और उसके घर में नौकर के तौर पर आ गया। अनिल एक लेखक था और अधिक पैसा नहीं कमाता था। इसलिए हरि सिंह ने केवल भोजन के बदले में वहाँ काम करना स्वीकार कर लिया। हरि सिंह को भोजन बनाना नहीं आता था। अनिल के लिए जो पहला भोजन उसने बनाया वह इतना बुरा था कि अनिल ने उसे कुत्तों के सामने डाल दिया। मगर हरि सिंह की आग्रह भरी मुस्कुराहटों ने अनिल को मजबूर कर दिया कि वह हरि को निकालने का निर्णय त्याग दे।

हरि सिंह अनिल के छोटे-मोटे काम करने लगा। सुबह वह चाय बनाता था और तब बाजार से दिनभर के लिए सामान लाता था। कई बार इन सामान की खरीददारी में से वह एक रुपया रोज कमा लेता था।अनिल की कोई नियमित आय नहीं थी। वह पत्रिकाओं के लिए लेख और कहानियाँ लिखकर कुछ कमा लेता था। मगर एक दिन अनिल नोटों का बंडल लेकर घर आया। उसने हरि सिंह को बताया कि उसने अपनी एक पुस्तक बेचकर 600 रुपए कमाए हैं। पैसा देखकर हरि सिंह के मुँह में पानी आ गया। उसने वह पैसा चुराने का फैसला किया। अनिल ने पैसे गद्दे के नीचे रखे और सो गया। अब हरि सिंह कमरे में गया और चुपके से गद्दे के नीचे से पैसे निकाल लिए। वह लखनऊ की गाड़ी पकड़ने के लिए स्टेशन पर गया। मगर उसकी गाड़ी छूट गई और यह बाजारों में घूमता रहा। शीघ्र ही बरसात आरंभ हो गई और हरि सिंह पूरी तरह भीग गया।

तब हरि सिंह को अनिल की याद आई। उसने कल्पना की कि पैसे को चोरी हुआ पाकर अनिल कितना उदास होगा। हरि सिंह को याद आया कि अनिल उसे पढ़ाया करता था। उसने सोचा कि बिना शिक्षा के वह केवल एक चोर रहेगा। मगर शिक्षा उसे इंसान बना सकती है। इसलिए उसने वापस लौटने तथा पैसा वापस रखने का फैसला किया। वह घर पहुंचा और उसने चुपके से पैसे गद्दे के नीचे रख दिए। अगली सुबह अनिल ने हरि सिंह को 50 रुपए का नोट दिया। नोट अभी भी गीला था। हरि सिंह ने सोचा कि उसका अपराध उजागर हो गया है। मगर अनिल ने उससे कहा कि उसने कुछ पैसा कमाया है। अब वह उसे नियमित रूप से वेतन दिया करेगा।

The Thief’s Story Translation in Hindi

IPAGE 8] : जब मैं अनिल से मिला उस समय भी मैं चोर था। और यद्यपि मैं केवल 15 वर्ष का था. मैं बहत अनुभवी और सफल था। अनिल एक कुश्ती मैच देख रहा था जब मैं उसके पास गया। वह लगभग 25 वर्ष का एक लंबा और दुबला व्यक्ति थाऔर वह आरामपरस्त, दयालु और मेरे उद्देश्य के लिए साधारण व्यक्ति लगता था। काफी दिनों से मेरा भाग्य अच्छा नहीं था और मैंने सोचा कि मुझे इस नवयुवक का विश्वास जीतना चाहिए।

“आप स्वयं भी कुछ पहलवान से लगते हो”, मैंने कहा। थोड़ी-सी चापलूसी मित्र बनाने में सहायता करती है।
“तुम भी वैसे ही लगते हो”, उसने उत्तर दिया, इससे मैं थोड़ा-सा डर-सा गया क्योंकि उस समय मैं दुबला-पतला था।
“अच्छा”, मैंने विनीत भाव से उत्तर दिया,“मैं भी थोड़ी-बहुत कुश्ती लड़ लेता हूँ।”
“तुम्हारा नाम क्या है?”
“हरि सिंह” मैंने झूठ बोल दिया। मैं हर महीने एक नया नाम रख लेता था। जो मुझे पुलिस और पहले नियोक्ताओं की पकड़ से दूर रखता था।
इस परिचय के पश्चात्, अनिल ने तेल लगाए हुए पहलवानों के बारे में बातें की जो कि चिंघाड़ रहे थे और एक-दूसरे को उठा-उठाकर पटक रहे थे। मेरे पास कहने के लिए अधिक कुछ नहीं था। अनिल चला गया और मैं भी बिना उद्देश्य के उसके पीछे चल दिया।
उसने पुनः कहा, “हैलो।” मैंने उसे बड़ी सुखद मुस्कान भेंट की। “मैं आपके लिए काम करना चाहता हूँ।” मैंने कहा। “लेकिन मैं तुम्हें वेतन नहीं दे सकता।”

[PAGE 9]: मैंने एक पल के लिए इस बात पर विचार किया। शायद मैंने उस व्यक्ति को गलत समझ लिया हो। मैंने पूछा, “क्या आप मुझे भोजन दे सकते हो?”
“क्या तुम भोजन पका सकते हो?” मैंने पुनः झूठ बोल दिया, “मैं भोजन पका सकता हूँ।” “यदि तुम भोजन पका सकते हो तो संभव है कि मैं तुम्हें भोजन खिला पाऊँ।”
वह जमुना स्वीट शॉप के ऊपर अपने कमरे में मुझे ले गया और मुझे बताया कि मैं छज्जे पर सो सकता हूँ। लेकिन उस रात मैंने जो भोजन पकाया वह बहुत-ही घटिया रहा होगा क्योंकि अनिल ने उसे एक आवारा कुत्ते के पास फेंक दिया और मुझे वहाँ से चले जाने को कहा। लेकिन मैं अपनी सर्वाधिक सुखद हँसी के साथ उससे चिपका रहा और वह हँसे बिना नहीं रह सका। बाद में उसने मेरा सिर थपथपाया और कहा चिंता मत करो, वह मुझे खाना पकाना सिखाएगा। उसने मुझे मेरा नाम भी लिखना सिखाया और कहा कि वह मुझे जल्दी ही पूरे वाक्य लिखना और संख्याओं को जोड़ना सिखा देगा। मैं बहुत आभारी था। मैं जानता था कि यदि मैंने एक बार पढ़े-लिखे व्यक्ति की तरह लिखना सीख लिया तो मेरी उपलब्धि की कोई सीमा नहीं रहेगी। अनिल के लिए काम करना बहुत सुखद था। मैं प्रातःकाल चाय बनाता था और तब मैं अपना समय दैनिक जरूरत की चीजों को खरीदने में लगाता था और सामान्य रूप से प्रतिदिन एक रुपए का लाभ कमा लेता था। मैं सोचता हूँ कि वह जानता था कि मैं इस तरह थोड़ा बहुत धन बचा लेता था लेकिन उसने कभी इस बात की परवाह नहीं की।

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

[PAGE 10] : अनिल की आमदनी नियमित नहीं थी। वह एक सप्ताह उधार लेता और अगले सप्ताह उधार चुका देता था। वह अपने अगले चैक के बारे में चिंतित रहता था लेकिन जैसे ही चैक आता वह जश्न मनाने के लिए बाहर चला जाता। ऐसा लगता है कि वह पत्रिकाओं के लिए लेख लिखा करता था आजीविका कमाने का एक विचित्र ढंग!
एक शाम वह नोटों की एक छोटी-सी गड्डी लेकर घर आया, वह कह रहा था कि उसने एक प्रकाशक को अपनी एक पुस्तक बेच दी है। रात को मैंने उसे गद्दे के नीचे पैसे को रखते हुए देखा। मैं लगभग एक महीने से अनिल के पास काम कर रहा था, खरीददारी करते समय उसे ठगने के अतिरिक्त मैंने अपने पेशे के अनुसार और कोई काम नहीं किया था। ऐसा करने का मेरे पास प्रत्येक अवसर उपलब्ध था। अनिल ने मुझे दरवाजे की चाबी दी हुई थी और मैं अपनी इच्छा के अनुसार कमरे में आ-जा सकता था।

वह सर्वाधिक विश्वसनीय व्यक्ति था जो मुझे कभी मिला था। . और इसी कारण से उसे ठगना बहुत कठिन था। एक लालची आदमी को ठगना बहुत आसान होता है क्योंकि उसे लूटा जाना वह सहन कर सकता है। लेकिन एक लापरवाह व्यक्ति को ठगा जाना बहुत कठिन होता है कई बार तो उसे पता भी नहीं चलता कि वह ठगा जा चुका है और इस बात से पँधे का पूरा मजा किरकिरा हो जाता है। ठीक है, यही समय है कि जब मैं कुछ वास्तविक कार्य करूँ। मैंने अपने आपको बताया! अब तो मुझे चोरी करने का अभ्यास भी नहीं रहा है। और यदि मैं यह धन नहीं चुराता हूँ, वह इसे अपने मित्रों पर व्यर्थ में खर्च कर देगा। आखिर वह मुझे भी तो वेतन नहीं देता है। अनिल सोया हुआ था। चंद्रमा के प्रकाश की किरण छज्जे के ऊपर से छिटककर बिस्तर पर पड़ रही थी। स्थिति का जायजा लेते हुए मैं फर्श पर बैठ गया।

यदि मैं पैसे ले लेता तो मैं 10:30 पर लखनऊ जाने वाली मेल गाड़ी पकड़ सकता था। कंबल में से बाहर निकलते हुए मैं रेंगता हुआ बिस्तर तक गया। अनिल शांतिपूर्वक सो रहा था। उसका चेहरा स्वच्छ और बिना झुर्रियों के था, हालांकि मेरे चेहरे पर अधिक निशान थे यद्यपि इनमें से अधिकतर निशान घावों के थे। मेरा हाथ नोटों की तलाश में गद्दे के नीचे चला गया। जब मुझे नोट मिल गए, मैंने बिना आवाज किए उन्हें बाहर निकाल लिया। अनिल ने अपनी नींद में आह भरी और अपनी करवट मेरी ओर ले ली। मैं हैरान हो गया और जल्दी से पेट के बल रेंगते हुए कमरे से बाहर निकल गया। …जब मैं सड़क पर आ गया, मैंने दौड़ना आरंभ कर दिया। नोट मेरी कमर पर मेरे पायजामे के नाड़े के साथ बँधे हुए थे। मैंने अपनी गति धीमी की और सामान्य चाल से चलने लगा और नोटों को गिना : पचास वाले नोटों में 600 रुपए थे! मैं एक या दो सप्ताह तक एक धनी, तेल के अरब व्यापारी की तरह रह सकता था।

[PAGE 11]: जब मैं स्टेशन पर पहुँचा तो मैं टिकटघर के पास नहीं रुका (मैंने अपने जीवन में कभी भी टिकट नहीं खरीदा था) परंतु एकदम सीधे प्लेटफार्म पर पहुँच गया। लखनऊ एक्सप्रैस उसी समय बाहर निकल रही थी। गाड़ी को अभी गति पकड़नी थी और मैं किसी भी डिब्बे में छलांग लगाकर चढ़ सकता था। परंतु मैं हिचक गया-किसी अज्ञात कारण से जिसे मैं स्पष्ट नहीं कर सकता और वहाँ से दूर चले जाने का अवसर मैंने खो दिया।जब गाड़ी चली गई तो मैंने स्वयं को सुनसान प्लेटफार्म पर अकेला खड़ा पाया। मुझे मालूम नहीं था कि रात कहाँ बिताई जाए। मेरा कोई मित्र नहीं था, क्योंकि मेरा विश्वास था कि मित्र सहायता की अपेक्षा तकलीफ अधिक देते हैं। और मैं स्टेशन के नजदीक किसी छोटे-से होटल में ठहरकर किसी में जिज्ञासा पैदा नहीं करना चाहता था। जिस एकमात्र व्यक्ति को मैं अच्छी प्रकार जानता था वह तो वही व्यक्ति था जिसको मैंने लूटा था। स्टेशन से निकलकर मैं धीरे-धीरे बाजार में घूमने लगा।

लोगों की वस्तुएँ लूटने के व्यवसाय के अपने छोटे-से काल में मैंने चीजों के लूटने के बाद लोगों के चेहरों का अध्ययन किया था। लालची व्यक्ति के चेहरे पर भय नजर आता है। अमीर व्यक्ति को गुस्सा आता है; गरीब व्यक्ति के चेहरे पर बिना शिकायत सहनशीलता का भाव आता है। मगर मैं जानता था कि जब अनिल को चोरी का पता चलेगा तो उसके चेहरे पर केवल उदासी का भाव आएगा। पैसे के नुकसान के कारण नहीं बल्कि विश्वास के नुकसान के कारण। मैंने स्वयं को मैदान के बीच पाया और एक बैंच के ऊपर बैठ गया। रात ठंडी थी-लगभग नवंबर मास का शुरू का समय था और हल्की-सी बूंदाबांदी ने मेरी परेशानी को बढ़ा दिया। शीघ्र ही जोर से वर्षा होनी शुरू हो गई। मेरा कमीज और पायजामा मेरी त्वचा के साथ चिपक गए और एक ठंडी पवन वर्षा की बूंदों को मेरे चेहरे के ऊपर फेंक रही थी।

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

[PAGE 12]: मैं वापस बाजार में चला गया और घंटा घर के नीचे (आश्रय) बैठ गया। घड़ी में मध्यरात्रि का समय हो चुका था। मैंने नोटों को छुआ। वे वर्षा के कारण गीले हो गए थे। अनिल का धन। शायद सुबह होने पर वह मुझे सिनेमा जाने के लिए दो या तीन रुपए दे देता लेकिन अब मेरे पास यह सारा धन है। मैं उसका भोजन नहीं पका सका, भागकर बाजार न जा सका और न ही परे वाक्य लिखना सीख सका। चोरी की उत्तेजना में मैं इन चीजों के बारे में सब कुछ भूल चुका था। मैं जानता था कि पूरे वाक्य मुझे किसी दिन कुछ सौ रुपयों से अधिक धन ला सकते थे। चोरी करना बहुत ही आसान काम था-और कई बार पकड़ा जाना भी इतना ही आसान होता था। परंतु वास्तव में एक बड़ा आदमी बनने, एक चतुर और इज्जतदार आदमी बनने के लिए कुछ और चाहिए था। मैंने अपने आपको बताया कि यदि मैं पढ़ना और लिखना सीखना चाहता हूँ तो मुझे अनिल के पास वापस लौट जाना चाहिए।

मैं बहुत घबराया हुआ कमरे में वापस गया, क्योंकि पैसा चुराना बहुत आसान है मगर उसे चुपचाप वापस रखना और भी मुश्किल है। मैंने चुपके से दरवाजा खोला और दरवाजे के रास्ते में चाँद की रोशनी में खड़ा हो गया। अनिल अभी सोया हुआ था। मैं बिस्तर के सिरहाने की तरफ चुपके से गया और हाथ में नोट पकड़े। मैंने अपने हाथ पर उसकी साँस को महसूस किया। मैं एक क्षण के लिए शांत रहा। तब मेरे हाथों ने गद्दे के कोने को ढूँढा और उसके नीचे नोट खिसका दिए। मैं अगली प्रातः देर से उठा और देखा कि अनिल पहले ही चाय बना चुका था। उसने अपना हाथ मेरी ओर बढ़ाया। उसकी उंगलियों में पचास रुपए का एक नोट था। मेरा दिल बैठ गया। मैंने सोचा कि मेरी चोरी पकड़ी गई थी। “मैंने कल कुछ पैसा कमाया था,” उसने समझाया, “अब तुम्हें नियमित रूप से वेतन मिलेगा।” मेरा उत्साह बढ़ गया। लेकिन जब मैंने नोट लिया, मैंने देखा कि रात की वर्षा के कारण वह अभी भी गीला था। उसने कहा, “आज हम वाक्य लिखना आरंभ करेंगे।” वह जानता था। लेकिन न तो उसके होंठों ने और न ही उसकी आँखों ने कुछ प्रकट होने दिया। मैं अपनी सबसे अधिक आकर्षक हँसी के साथ अनिल के ऊपर हँसा। और बिना किसी प्रयास के, मुस्कुराहट प्रकट हो गई।

The Thief’s Story Wold-Mianings in Hindi

[PAGE 8] Trusts = relies on (विश्वास करना); betray = deceive, dupe (धोखा देना); fairly = enough (काफी); lean = weak and thin (कमजोर); purpose = objective (उद्देश्य); of late = for some days (कुछ दिनों से); confidence = good books (विश्वास); wrestler = to strive by grappling (कुश्ती लड़ना); flattery = false praise (चापलूसी); modestly = humbly (भद्रतापूर्वक); lied = to tell a lie (झूठ बोलना); ahead = forward (आगे); introduction = formal presentation(परिचय); grunting = roaring (गुर्राना); casually = purposelessly (बिना किसी उद्देश्य के); appealing = attractive (आकर्षक)।

[PAGE 9] Perhaps = probably (शायद); meal = cooked food (पका हुआ भोजन); stray = wandering (आवारा); be off = run away (भाग जाना); patted = stroked (थपथपाया); never mind = don’t worry (घबराओ मत); grateful = obliged (आभारी); achieve = obtain (प्राप्त करना); pleasant = full of happiness (मधुर/सुखद); profit = gain (लाभ)।

[PAGE 10] Fits and starts = seldom (कभी-कभी); queer = strange (विचित्र); publisher = one who gets books printed (प्रकाशक); tuck = to press in (छुपाकर रखना); mattress = quilts (गद्दे); opportunity = chance (अवसर); trusting = reliable (विश्वसनीय); rob = to plunder (ठगना); afford = to bear (सहृन करना); beam = ray (किरण); considering = thinking over (विचार करना); situation = condition (स्थिति); crept up = to move slowly (पेट के बल रेंगना); unlined = plain (बिना झुर्रियों के); marks = spots (निशान); scars = spots of wound (घाव के निशान); slid = glided (सरक गया); startled = surprised (हैरान); crawled = moved slowly (धीरे-से सरकना); waist = back side of stomach (कमर)।

JAC Class 10 English Solutions Footprints without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

[PAGE 11] Dashed = pushed (अंधाधुंध दौड़ना); straight = direct (सीधे); carriages = train compartments रिल के डिब्बे); hesitated = held back (हिचकिचाना); deserted = lonely (सुनसान); curious = anxious (उत्सुक); career = profession (व्यवसाय); acceptance = approval (स्वीकृति); chilly = cold (ठंडी); drizzle = mild rain (बूँदा-बाँदी); discomfort = uneasiness (बेचैनी)।

[PAGE 12] Shelter = refuge (शरण/आश्रय); damp = wet (गीला); probably = perhaps (शायद); excitement = stimulation (उत्तेजना); matter = affair (मामला); hurried = to hasten (जल्दी-से); nervous = uneasy (घबराना); undetected = undiscovered (बिना पता चल); quietly = calmly (शाति-स); remained = to continue (रहना); still = even now (अभी-भी); edge = outer limit (सिरा या किनारा); stretched = extended (फैलाया); sank = to decline (डूबा); spirits = courage ((साहस); effort = attempt (प्रयास)।

JAC Class 10 English Solutions

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 8 The Trees

JAC Board Class 10th English Solutions First Flight Poem 8 The Trees

JAC Class 10th English The Trees Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Can there be a forest without trees? Where are the trees in this poem, and where do they go?
(क्या वृक्षों के बिना जंगल हो सकता है? इस कविता में पेड़ कहाँ हैं, और वे कहाँ जाते हैं?)
Answer:
No, there can’t be a forest without trees. The trees in the poem are only decorative plants. These are grown in the houses for beautification. They grow in small pots. When the poetess says that the trees are moving out, she means to say that these decorative plants are being taken to the veranda.

(नहीं, वृक्षों के बिना जंगल नहीं हो सकता है। इस कविता में वृक्ष केवल सजावटी पौधे हैं। ये सुन्दरता के लिए घरों में उगाए जाते हैं। वे छोटे-छोटे गमलों में उगाए जाते हैं। जब कवयित्री कहती है कि वृक्ष बाहर जा रहे हैं तो उसका कहने का भाव है कि इन सजावटी पौधों को बरामदे में ले जाया जा रहा है।) Thinking about the Poem (Page 100)

Thinking about the Poem (Page 100)

Question 1.
(i) Find, in the first stanza, three things that cannot happen in a treeless forest.
(प्रथम पयांश में, तीन चीजें छाँटिए, जो एक वृक्ष विहीन जंगल में नहीं हो सकी।)
(ii) What picture do these words create in your mind: “… sun bury its feet in shadow …”? What could the poet mean by the sun’s ‘feet’?
(ये शब्द आपके दिमाग में कौन-सी तस्वीर चित्रित करते हैं ….सूर्य की रोशनी छाया में नहीं दिखाई देती ….”? सूर्य के पैरों’ से कवि का क्या भाव है?)
Answer:
(i) Three things that cannot happen in a treeless forest are:

  1. no bird can sit on them,
  2. no insect can hide in them,
  3. there can be no shadow of the sun.

(तीन चीजें जो एक वृक्ष विहीन जंगल में नहीं हो सकती हैं-

  1. उन पर कोई पक्षी नहीं बैठ सकता है,
  2. उनमें कोई कीट छुप नहीं सकता है,
  3. वहाँ पर सूर्य की कोई परछाई नहीं हो सकती है।

(ii) The picture is that of shadow caused by the sunlight falling on the trees. By the sun’s ‘feet’ the poet means the top of the trees.
(यह तस्वीर वृक्षों पर पड़ रहे सूर्य के प्रकाश की छाया की है। सूर्य के पैरों’ से कवि का भाव वृक्षों के शिखरों से है।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 8 The Trees

Question 2.
(i) Where are the trees in the poem? What do their roots, their leaves, and their twigs do?
(कविता में वृक्ष कहाँ पर हैं? उनकी जड़ें, उनके पत्ते और उनकी शाखाएँ क्या करते हैं?)
(ii) What does the poet compare their branches to?
(कवि उनकी शाखाओं की तुलना किस चीज़ से करता है?)
Answer:
(i) The trees in the poem are decorative trees and they are inside the house. They are in the pots and pans. Their roots try to free themselves from the cracks in the veranda door. Their leaves go toward the glass. Small twigs become stiff.
(इस कविता में वर्णित वृक्ष सजावटी वृक्ष हैं और वे घर के अंदर हैं। वे बर्तनों और गमलों में हैं। उनकी जड़ें बरामदे के दरवाजे की दरारों में से स्वयं को मुक्त करने की कोशिश कर रही हैं। उनके पत्ते शीशे की ओर जाते हैं। छोटी-छोटी शाखाएँ अकड़ जाती हैं।)

(ii) The poet compares their branches to the newly discharged patients.
(कवि उनकी शाखाओं की तुलना अस्पताल से हाल ही में छुट्टी हुए मरीजों से करता है।)

Question 3.
(i) How does the poetess describe the moon:
(a) at the beginning of the third stanza, and
(b) at its end? What causes this change?
(कवयित्री चाँद का वर्णन कैसे करती है-
(a) तीसरे stanza के शुरु में, और
(b) इसके अंत में? यह परिवर्तन क्यों आता है?)
(ii) What happens to the house when the trees move out of it?
(जब वृक्ष बाहर चले जाते हैं तो घर का क्या होता है?)
(iii) Why do you think that the poet does not mention the departure of the forest from the house” in her letters? (Could it be that we are often silent about important happenings that are so unexpected that they embarrass us? Think about this again when you answer the next set of questions.)
(आप क्यों सोचते हैं कि कवयित्री अपने पत्रों में “घर से जंगल की विदाई” का वर्णन क्यों नहीं करती है? (क्या ऐसा हो सकता था कि हम अकसर आवश्यक घटनाओं के बारे में चुप हो जाते हैं जो इतनी अकस्मात् हो जाती हैं कि वे हमें परेशान करती हैं?) इसे पुनः सोचिए जब आप अपने अगले प्रश्नों का उत्तर दें।)
Answer:
(i) (a) At the beginning of the stanza, it is the full moon.
(stanza के आरंभ में, चंद्रमा का आकार पूरा है।)

(b) In the end, it is like a broken mirror.
(stanza के अंत में, यह टूटे हुए शीशे के समान है।)
The cause of this change is the growth of trees in the pots.
(इस परिवर्तन का कारण फूलदानों में फूलों का उगना है।)

(ii) The house undergoes a change. Its glass is broken. Winds rush inside the house.
(मकान में एक परिवर्तन आ जाता है। इसका शीशा टूट गया है। हवा घर के अंदर आ रही है।)

(iii) The poetess does not mention it because this is a common thing and is known to all. This is not something extraordinary
(कवि इसका वर्णन नहीं करता है क्योंकि यह एक आम बात है और इसे सभी जानते हैं। यह कोई असाधारण बात नहीं है।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 8 The Trees

Question 4.
Now that you have read the poem in detail, we can begin to ask what the poem might mean. Here are two suggestions. Can you think of others?
(अब आपने कविता को विस्तृत रूप से पढ़ लिया होगा, हम पूछना आरंभ कर सकते हैं कि कविता का क्या अर्थ’ होगा। यहाँ पर दो सुझाव हैं। आप क्या अन्य सुझावों को भी सोच सकते हैं?)।
(i) Does the poem present a conflict between man and nature? Compare it with A Tiger in the Zoo. Is the poet suggesting that plants and trees, used for ‘interior decoration’ in cities while forests are cut down, are ‘imprisoned’, and need to breakout”
(क्या कविता मनुष्य और प्रकृति के मध्य द्वन्द्व प्रकट करती है? इसकी तुलना ATiger in the Zoo से करो। क्या कवि सुझाव दे रहा है कि पेड़ और पौधे का प्रयोग शहरों में ‘अन्दरूनी सजावट’ के लिए किया जाता है जबकि जंगलों को काटा जा रहा है, उन्हें ‘बंधक’ बनाया जा रहा है और उन्हें ‘फैलने की आवश्यकता है?)

(ii) On the other hand, Adrienne Rich has been known to use trees as a metaphor for human beings; this is a recurrent image in her poetry. What new meanings emerge from the poem if you take its trees to be symbolic of this particular meaning ?
(दूसरी ओर, ऐडरीन रिष ने वृक्षों को मानव के रूप में अलंकृत करने के लिए जाना है; यह तस्वीर उनकी कविताओं में बार-बार आ रही है। यदि आप इस कविता के वृक्षों को इस प्रतीकात्मक रूप में लेते हैं तो इसका आप क्या अर्थ निकालते हैं?)
Answer:
(i) Yes, the poem presents a conflict between man and nature. Man has harmed nature much. He has cut forests. Now he is content to have decorative plants in his house. But these decorative plants cannot afford shelter to birds or insects. Here, like the zoo animals, the plants are imprisoned. They get fresh air only when they move out.

(हाँ, कविता आदमी और प्रकृति के मध्य द्वंद्व को प्रकट करती है। मनुष्य ने प्रकृति को बहुत नुकसान पहुँचाया है। उसने जंगलों को काटा है। अब वह अपने घर में सजावटी पौधों से ही संतुष्ट है। लेकिन ये सजावटी पौधे पक्षियों और कीटों को आश्रय नहीं दे सकते हैं। यहाँ पर, चिड़ियाघर के जानवरों की तरह पौधे भी कैदी हो गए हैं। वे केवल तभी ताजी हवा हासिल कर सकते हैं जब उन्हें बाहर ले जाया जाता है।)

(ii) The new meaning is that men are also like trees. If trees are not free to grow, men are also not free. They remain imprisoned in the world of their own. The poetess sits in her room. She remains in her room like a decorative plant.

(नया अर्थ यह है कि अब मनुष्य भी वृक्षों के समान हैं। यदि उगने के लिए वृक्ष स्वतंत्र नहीं हैं, तो मनुष्य भी स्वतंत्र नहीं हैं। वे अपनी बनाई दुनिया में ही कैदी बने रहते हैं। कवयित्री अपने कमरे में बैठती है। वह अपने कमरे में एक सजावटी पौधे की तरह रहती है।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 8 The Trees

Question 5.
You may read the poem ‘On Killing a Tree by Gieve Patel.
Compare and contrast it with the poem you have just read.
(आप नौवीं कक्षा NCERT की अंग्रेज़ी Textbook ‘Beehive से जीव पटेल की कविता ‘On Killing a Tree’ पढ़ सकते हैं। उस कविता की तुलना आपके द्वारा अभी-अभी पढ़ी गई कविता से कीजिए।)
Answer:
“The Trees’ deals with ‘trees’ that are not real. They are either in a picture, or they are only decorative plants. On the other hand, ‘On Killing a Tree’ deals with the subject of how to kill a tree. Both poems are related to trees.
(कविता ‘The Trees’ नकली वृक्षों का वर्णन करती है। वे या तो तस्वीरों में हैं, या वे केवल सजावटी पौधे हैं। दूसरी ओर, कविता ‘On Killing a Tree’ इस विषय पर केंद्रित है कि वृक्ष को कैसे मारा जाता है। दोनों कविताएँ वृक्षों से संबंधित हैं।) ।

JAC Class 10th English The Trees Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What type of trees are described in the poem ‘The Trees’?
Answer:
Decorative trees are described in this poem.

Question 2.
Where are the decorative plants kept?
Answer:
The decorative plants are kept in the houses.

Question 3.
Where do the decorative plants grow?
Answer:
The decorative plants grow in small pots and pans.

Question 4.
What does the poetess compare these decorative plants to?
Answer:
The poetess compares these decorative plants to a newly discharged patient.

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 8 The Trees

Question 5.
Why can’t birds sit and insects hide in them?
Answer:
Birds can’t sit and insects can’t hide in them because they are decorative plants.

Question 6.
What do the roots do all night?
Answer:
All night the roots work to free themselves from the cracks in the veranda floor

Question 7.
What does the poetess not mention in the letters?
Answer:
The poetess does not mention the departure of the forest from the house.

Question 8.
How does the poetess describe the moon in the end?
Answer:
In the end the poetess describes the moon like a broken mirror.

Question 9.
What does the poetess compare the tree branches to?
Answer:
The poetess compares the tree branches to a newly discharged patient.

Question 10.
What rushes out to meet the trees?
Answer:
The wind rushes out to meet the trees.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why are the trees described in the first stanza not useful for birds or insects?
(पहले stanza में कवि वृक्षों को पक्षियों और कीटों के लिए लाभदायक क्यों नहीं मानता है?)
Answer:
The trees described in the first stanza are either decorative plants kept inside a house, or they are shown only in a painting or picture. Therefore, they are not useful for birds or insects. Birds cannot sit on their branches. Insects cannot hide in them.

(पहले stanza में कवि जिन पौधों का वर्णन करता है वे या तो घर के अंदर रखे हुए सजावटी पौधे हैं, या फिर किसी तस्वीर में दिखाए गए पौधे हैं। इसलिए, वे पक्षियों और पौधों के लिए लाभदायक नहीं हैं। पक्षी उनकी शाखाओं पर नहीं बैठ सकते हैं। कीट उनमें छुप नहीं सकते हैं।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 8 The Trees

Question 2.
What happens to the roots and leaves of these trees at night?
(इन वृक्षों की जड़ों और पत्तों के साथ रात के समय क्या होता है?)
Answer:
The roots of these trees are engaged into the cracks of the veranda floor. At night, these roots try to free themselves from the cracks. The leaves try to move towards the glass. Twigs become harden and the boughs try to expand under the roof.

(इन वृक्षों की जड़ें रात के समय बरामदे के फर्श की दरारों में फंस जाती हैं। रात्रि के समय, ये जड़ें स्वयं को दरारों से मुक्त कराने का प्रयास करती हैं। पत्ते शीशे की ओर बढ़ने का प्रयास करते हैं। टहनियों कठोर हो जाती हैं और शाखाएँ छत के नीचे फैलने. का प्रयास करती हैं।)

Question 3.
How does the poetess describe the growing of the trees inside the houses?
(कवयित्री घरों के अंदर उगने वाले पौधों का वर्णन कैसे करती है?)
Answer:
These trees grow in pots and pans. So their roots feel cramped. These roots try to free themselves from the cracks of the veranda floor. The leaves need light. So they move towards the glass. The twigs are stiff and the boughs are like the newly discharged patients coming out of a clinic doors.

(ये पौधे फूलदानों और बर्तनों में उगते हैं। इसलिए उनकी जड़ें मुड़ी हुई हैं। ये जड़ें स्वयं को बरामदे के फर्श की दरारों से मुक्त कराने का प्रयास करती हैं। पत्तों को प्रकाश की आवश्यकता होती है। इसलिए वे शीशे की ओर बढ़ते हैं। टहनियाँ अकड़ी हुई हैं और शाखाएँ उस मरीज की भाँति हैं जिसे अस्पताल से हाल ही में छुट्टी मिली है और वह अस्पताल के दरवाजे की ओर जा रहा है।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 8 The Trees

Question 4.
Why does the poetess use the metaphor of the newly discharged patients?
(कवयित्री ने हाल ही में छुट्टी हुए एक मरीज को क्यों अलंकृत किया है?)
Answer:
A patient feels depressed in a hospital. As soon as he recovers, he is eager to leave the hospital. He rushes towards the clinic doors. In the same way, the plants in the pots feel suffocated. They are deprived of adequate light. So they stretch themselves towards the glass door, in the hope of finding light

(अस्पताल में मरीज हताशा महसूस करता है। जैसे ही वह स्वस्थ होता है, तो वह अस्पताल को छोड़ने का इच्छुक होता है। वह अस्पताल के दरवाजे की ओर भागता है। इसी प्रकार से, फूलदानों में पौधों का दम घुटता है। वे पर्याप्त प्रकाश से वंचित हैं। इसलिए वे स्वयं को शीशे के दरवाजे की ओर फैलाते हैं, प्रकाश प्राप्त करने की आशा में।)

Question 5.
How does the poetess describe the night? How does she feel?
(कवयित्री रात्रि का वर्णन कैसे करती है? उसे कैसा महसूस होता है?)
Answer:
It is the night time. The night is fresh. In the open sky the full moon is shining. The poetess feels the smell of leaves and lichen reaching inside the room. Her head is full of whispers. But she thinks that the next day these whispers will be silent

(रात्रि का समय हैं। रात्रि ताजगी से भरी है। खुले आसमान में पूर्ण चंद्रमा चमक रहा है। कवयित्री को पत्तों की गंध आ रही है और काई की गंध भी कमरे के अंदर आ रही है। उसका सिर कानाफूसियों से भरा हुआ है। लेकिन वह सोचती है कि अगले दिन ये कानाफूसियाँ शांत हो जाएंगी।)

Question 6.
What is the theme of the poem ‘The Trees’?
(‘The Trees’ कविता का विषय क्या है?)
Answer:
The theme of the poem is the disappearance of trees. This poem also brings out the idea of conflict between man and nature. Man is doing more and more harm to nature. Nature is getting angry. Man’s existence on this planet is in danger. Thus it becomes the foremost duty of every citizen to work for the protection of environment.

(इस कविता का विषय वृक्षों का लुप्त होना है। यह कविता आदमी और प्रकृति के बीच विरोध के विचार को भी प्रकट करती है। आदमी प्रकृति को ज्यादा-से-ज्यादा नुकसान पहुँचाता जा रहा है। प्रकृति उग्र होती जा रही है। इस ग्रह पर मनुष्य का अस्तित्व खतरे में पड़ गया है। इसलिए पर्यावरण की रक्षा के लिए काम करना प्रत्येक नागरिक का सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण कर्त्तव्य बनता है।)

Essay Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the brief summary of poem ‘The Trees’ in your own words.
(कविता ‘The Trees’ का संक्षिप्त सारांश अपने शब्दों में लिखें।)
Answer:
The poem “The Trees’ written by Adrienne Rich, is a poem about decorative plants. These plants are grown in houses in small pots and pans. They are not useful for birds and insects. Birds can’t sit on the branches. Insects can’t hide themselves in them. They don’t give any shade. Their twigs are stiff. Their boughs are like a newly discharged patient. They are devoid of light. Their leaves rush towards the glass window for light because they feel suffocated in their small pots and pans. The poetess is sitting inside her room. She is writing long letters. It is night time. She feels the smell of leaves and lichen reaching inside her room. The poetess longs that these trees should strive to get light and air.

(यह कविता ‘The Trees’ ऐडरीन रिच द्वारा लिखित सजावटी पौधों के बारे में एक कविता है। ये पौधे घरों के अंदर फूलदानों और छोटे बर्तनों में उगाए जाते हैं। ये पक्षियों और कीटों के लिए लाभदायक नहीं हैं। पक्षी इनकी शाखाओं के ऊपर नहीं बैठ सकते हैं। कीट स्वयं को इनमें छुपा नहीं सकते हैं। ये कोई छाया नहीं देते हैं। इनकी टहनियाँ अकड़ी (कठोर) हुई हैं। इनकी शाखाएँ उस मरीज की भाँति हैं जिसे हाल ही में अस्पताल से छुट्टी मिली है। ये प्रकाश से वंचित हैं। इनके पत्ते प्रकाश हासिल करने के लिए शीशे की खिड़की की ओर भागते हैं क्योंकि फूलदानों और बर्तनों में उनका दम घुटता है। कवयित्री अपने कमरे में बैठी है। वह लंबे पत्र लिख रही है। रात्रि का समय है। वह पत्तों और काई की गंध को अपने कमरे के अंदर पहुँचता महसूस करती है। कवयित्री की इच्छा है कि वृक्ष प्रकाश और हवा के लिए संघर्ष करें।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 8 The Trees

Question 2.
What is the Central Idea of the poem “The Trees’? (‘The Trees’ कविता का केन्द्रीय विषय क्या है?)
Answer:
This is a poem about decorative plants. These plants are grown in houses for beautification. These grow in small pots and pans. They have taken the place of large forest trees which have been cut by the human beings. This poem presents the picture of harm to nature by human beings by their actions. The poem shows the disappearance of trees. This poem also brings out the idea of conflict between man and nature. Man is doing more and more harm to nature. Nature is getting angry. Man’s existence on this planet is in danger. Thus it becomes the foremost duty of every citizen to work for the protection of environment.

(यह सजावटी पौधों के बारे में एक कविता है। ये पौधे सजावट सुन्दरता के लिए घरों के अंदर उगाए जाते हैं। ये छोटे-छोटे फूलदानों और बर्तनों में उगाए जाते हैं। इन्होंने उन विशाल वृक्षों का स्थान ले लिया है जिनको मनुष्यों के द्वारा काट दिया गया है। यह कविता मनुष्यों के द्वारा अपने कामों से प्रकृति को हुए नुकसान का वर्णन करती है। यह कविता वृक्षों के लुप्त होने को दर्शाती है। यह कविता आदमी और प्रकृति के बीच विरोध के विचार को भी प्रकट करती है। आदमी प्रकृति को ज्यादा-से-ज्यादा नुकसान पहुँचाता जा रहा है। प्रकृति उग्र होती जा रही है। इस ग्रह पर मनुष्य का अस्तित्व खतरे में पड़ गया है। इसलिए पर्यावरण की रक्षा के लिए काम करना प्रत्येक नागरिक का सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण कर्त्तव्य बनता है।)

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Where are the trees in the poem found?
(A) in the garden
(B) in the forest
(C) in the house
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(C) in the house

Question 2.
The trees in the poem are useful for:
(A) the birds
(B) the insects
(C) both (A) and (B)
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(D) none of the above

Question 3.
What type of plants are mentioned in the poem?
(A) decorative plants
(B) painted plants
(C) both (A) and (B)
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(C) both (A) and (B)

Question 4.
These plants are planted in …….
(A) pots and pans
(B) garden
(C) fields
(D) forest
Answer:
(A) pots and pans

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 8 The Trees

Question 5.
How are the small twigs of these plants?
(A) soft
(B) stiff
(C) green
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(B) stiff

Question 6.
What are the boughs compared to?
(A) a newly discharged patient
(B) a newly admitted patient
(C) a chronically sick patient
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(A) a newly discharged patient

Question 7.
What does the poetess write?
(A) long poems
(B) long letters
(C) long essays
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(B) long letters

Question 8.
What is the poetess head full of?
(A) plants
(B) birds
(C) insects
(D) whispers
Answer:
(D) whispers

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 8 The Trees

Question 9.
What try to free themselves from the cracks of the veranda floor?
(A) roots
(B) leaves
(C) twigs
(D) boughs
Answer:
(A) roots

Question 10.
Who is the poet/poetess of the poem “The Trees’?
(A) Walt Whitman
(B) Adrienne Rich
(C) Carl Sandburg
(D) W.B. Yeats
Answer:
(B) Adrienne Rich

The Trees Important for Comprehension Of Stanzas

Read the following stanzas and answer the questions that follow :

STANZA 1

The trees inside are moving out into the forest,
the forest that was empty all these days
where no bird could sit
no insect hide
no sun bury its feet in shadow
the forest that was empty all these nights
will be full of trees by morning.

Questions:
(a) From where are the trees moving out into the forest?
(b) Why can’t birds sit in them or insects hide in them?
(c) How was the forest all these nights’?
(d) Are these trees useful for birds and insects?
(e) What type of trees are these?
Answers:
(a) The trees are moving out of the mind of the painter and coming on the canvas.
(b) These are not real trees. These are the trees in a picture or decorative trees in a house. So birds can’t sit in them and insects cannot hide there.
(c) All these nights, the forest was empty.
(d) No, these trees are not useful for birds and insects.
(e) These are decorative or picture trees.

STANZA 2

All night the roots work
to disengage themselves from the cracks
in the veranda floor.
The leaves strain toward the glass
small twigs stiff with exertion
long-cramped boughs shuffling under the roof
like newly discharged patients
half-dazed, moving
to the clinic doors.

Questions:
(a) What do the roots do all night?
(b) How are the small twigs?
(c) What are the boughs compared to?
(d) What do the leaves do?
(e) Name the poem and the poetess.
Answers:
(a) All night the roots work to free themselves from the cracks in the veranda floor.
(b) The small twigs are stiff.
(c) The boughs are compared to the newly discharged patients.
(d) The leaves strain towards the glass.
(e) Poem: The Trees, Poetess: Adrienne Rich.

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 8 The Trees

STANZA 3

I sit inside, doors open to the veranda
writing long letters
in which I scarcely mention the departure
of the forest from the house.
The night is fresh, the whole moon shines
in a sky still open.

Questions:
(a) Where is the poetess sitting?
(b) What is the poetess doing?
(c) What does she not mention in her letters?
(d) How does the poetess describe the night and the moon?
(e) Name the poem and the poetess.
Answers:
(a) The poetess is sitting in her room.
(b) The poetess is writing long letters.
(c) She does not mention the departure of the forest from the house.
(d) The night is pleasant and fresh. The full moon is shining.
(e) Poem: The Trees, Poetess: Adrienne Rich.

STANZA 4

the smell of leaves and lichen
still reaches like a voice into the rooms.
My head is full of whispers
which tomorrow will be silent.

Questions:
(a) Where is the poetess sitting at present?
(b) Which smell is reaching her?
(c) What is her head full of?
(d) What will be silent tomorrow?
(e) Name the poem and the poetess.
Answers:
(a) At present, the poetess is sitting in her room.
(b) The smell of leaves and lichen is reaching her.
(c) Her head is full of whispers.
(d) Tomorrow, the whispers will be silent.
(e) Poem: The Trees, Poetess: Adrienne Rich.

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 8 The Trees

STANZA 5

Listen. The glass is breaking.
The trees are stumbling forward
into the night. Winds rush to meet them.
The moon is broken like a mirror,
its pieces flash now in the crown
of the tallest oak.

Questions:
(a) What is happening to the glass?
(b) What does the poetess say about the trees?
(c) What rushes out to meet the trees?
(d) How does the poetess describe the moon?
(e) Why does the wind rush?
Answers:
(a) The glass is breaking.
(b) The poetess says that the trees are stumbling forward into the night.
(e) The wind rushes out to meet the trees.
(d) The poetess says that the moon is like a broken mirror.
(e) The wind rushes to meet the trees.

The Trees Summary in English

The Trees Introduction in English

This is a poem about decorative plants. These plants are grown in houses for beautification. These grow in small pots and pans. They have taken the place of large forest trees which have been cut by the human beings. This poem presents the picture of harm to nature by human beings by their actions.

The Trees Summary in English

The poem ‘The Trees’ written by Adrienne Rich, is a poem about decorative plants. These plants are grown in houses in small pots and pans. They are not useful for birds and insects, Birds can’t sit on the branches. Insects can’t hide themselves in them. They don’t give any shade. Their twigs are stiff. Their boughs are like a newly discharged patient. They are devoid of light. Their leaves rush towards the glass window for light because they feel suffocated in their small pots and pans. The poetess is sitting inside her room. She is writing long letters. It is night time. She feels the smell of leaves and lichen reaching inside her room. The poetess longs that these trees should strive to get light and air.

The Trees Introduction in Hindi

(यह सजावटी पौधों के बारे में एक कविता है। ये पौधे सजावट सुन्दरता के लिए घरों के अंदर उगाए जाते हैं। ये छोटे-छोटे फूलदानों और बर्तनों में उगाए जाते हैं। इन्होंने उन विशाल वृक्षों का स्थान ले लिया है जिनको मनुष्यों के द्वारा काट दिया गया है। यह कविता मनुष्यों के द्वारा अपने कामों से प्रकृति को हए नुकसान का वर्णन करती है।)

The Trees Summary in Hindi

यह कविता ‘The Trees’ ऐडरीन रिच द्वारा लिखित सजावटी पौधों के बारे में एक कविता है। ये पौधे घरों के अंदर फूलदानों और छोटे बर्तनों में उगाए जाते हैं। ये पक्षियों और कीटों के लिए लाभदायक नहीं हैं। पक्षी इनकी शाखाओं के ऊपर नहीं बैठ सकते हैं। कीट स्वयं को इनमें छुपा नहीं सकते हैं। ये कोई छाया नहीं देते हैं। इनकी टहनियाँ अकड़ी (कठोर) हुई हैं। इनकी शाखाएँ उस मरीज की भाँति हैं जिसे हाल ही में अस्पताल से छुट्टी मिली है। ये प्रकाश से वंचित हैं। इनके पत्ते प्रकाश हासिल करने के लिए शीशे की खिड़की की ओर भागते हैं क्योंकि फूलदानों और बर्तनों में उनका दम घुटता है। कवयित्री अपने कमरे में बैठी हैं। वह लंबे पत्र लिख रही है। रात्रि का समय है। वह पत्तों और काई की गंध को अपने कमरे के अंदर पहुँचता महसूस करती है। कवयित्री की इच्छा है कि वृक्ष प्रकाश और हवा के लिए संघर्ष करें।

The Trees Translation in Hindi

STANZA 1

The trees inside are moving out into the forest,
the forest that was empty al! these days
where no bird could sit
no insect hide
no sun bury its feet in shaíkw
the forest that was empty all these nights
will be full of trees by morning.

Word-meanings : Insect = worm (कीड़ा);); no sun shadow = no light will be lost in shadow (कोई रोशनी छाया में लुप्त नहीं होगी)।

(हिंदी अनुवाद अंदर के वृक्ष बाहर निकलकर जंगल में जा रहे हैं, वह जंगल जो इन सारे दिनों में खाली था, जहाँ कोई पक्षी नहीं बैठ सकता था और न ही कोई कीड़ा छुप सकता था। कोई भी रोशनी छाया में लुप्त नहीं हो सकती थी, वह जंगल जो इन सभी रातों को खाली था, कल सुबह तक वृक्षों से भर जाएगा।

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 8 The Trees

STANZA 2

All night the roots work
to disengage themselves from the cracks
in the veranda floor.
The leaves strain toward the glass
small twigs stiff with exertion
long-cramped boughs shuffling under the roof
like newly discharged patients
half-dazed, moving
to the clinic doors.

Word-meanings: Disengage = get free (आजाद होना); cracks = small openings (दरारें); strain = try (प्रयत्न करना); twigs = branches (टहनियाँ); long-cramped = shrunk for long (लम्बे समय तक सिकुड़ी हुई); half-dazed = half shocked (अर्ध-सदमे में)।

(हिंदी अनुवाद सारी रात जड़ें बरामदे के फर्श की दरारों से स्वयं को अलग करने का काम करती रहती हैं। पत्ते शीशे की तरफ जाने की कोशिश करते हैं, छोटी टहनियाँ थकान के कारण सख्त हो जाती हैं, लम्बी सिकुड़ी हुई टहनियाँ छत के नीचे हरकत कर रही हैं जैसे कोई हाल ही में अस्पताल से निष्कासित मरीज अर्ध-सदमे में, अस्पताल के दरवाजे की तरफ जा रहा हो।)

STANZA 3

I sit inside, doors open to the veranda
writing long letters
in which I scarcely mention the departure
oftheforestfrom the house.
The night is fresh, the whole moon shines
in a sky still open.

Word-meanings : Scarcely = hardly (मुश्किल से); the whole moon = full moon (पूर्णिमा का चाँद)।

(हिंदी अनुवाद मैं अन्दर बैठी हूँ, दरवाजे बरामदे की तरफ खुलते हैं, मैं लम्बे पत्र लिख रही हूँ जिनमें मैंने मुश्किल से जंगल के घर से बाहर जाने की बात की है। रात तरो-ताजा सुहावनी है, पूर्णिमा का चाँद खुले आकाश में चमकता है।)

STANZA 4

the smell of leaves and lichen
still reaches like a voice into the rooms.
My head is full of whispers
which tomorrow will be silent.

Word-meanings: Lichen = algae (काई); whispers-low voice (कानाफूसी)।

(हिंदी अनुवाद पत्तों और काई की सुगंध कमरों में एक आवाज की तरह अन्दर आती है। मेरा सिर कानाफूसियों से भरा है, जो कल खामोश हो जाएगा।)

STANZA 5

Listen. The glass is breaking.
The trees are stumbling forward
into the night. Winds rush to meet them.
The moon is broken like a mirror,
its pieces flash now in the crown
of the tallest oak.

Word-meanings: Stumbling = falling (गिरना); oak = a kind of tree (बलूत का वृक्ष)।

(हिंदी अनुवाद-सुनो! शीशा टूट रहा है। वृक्ष रात में गिरते हुए आगे बढ़ रहे हैं। हवाएँ उन्हें मिलने के लिए भागकर आगे आती हैं। चाँद एक टूटे हुए दर्पण की तरह है, और इसके टुकड़े अब सबसे लम्बे बलूत के वृक्ष की चोटी में चमकते हैं।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 7 Animals

JAC Board Class 10th English Solutions First Flight Poem 7 Animals

JAC Class 10th English Animals Textbook Questions and Answers

Thinking about the Poem (Page 84)

Question 1.
Notice the use of the word “turn’ in the first line, “I think I could turn and live with animals …”. What is the poet turning from?
(प्रथम पंक्ति में ‘turn’ नामक शब्द को देखें। “मेरे विचार में मैं जाकर जानवरों के साथ रह सकता हूँ ….।” कवि किससे विमुख हो रहा है?)
Answer:
The poet compares animals and humans. He thinks that animals are better than human beings. So he thinks that he can turn away from a human being and go to live with the animals.
(कवि पशुओं और मनुष्यों की तुलना करता है। वह सोचता है कि पशु मनुष्यों की तुलना में बेहतर होते हैं। इसलिए वह सोचता है कि उसे मनुष्य से विमुख होकर रहने के लिए पशुओं के पास रहने चले जाना चाहिए।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 7 Animals

Question 2.
Mention three things that humans do and animals don’t.
(तीन बातें लिखिए जो मनुष्य करते हैं, पशु नहीं।)
Answer:
(i) The human beings cry about their conditions, but animals do not do so.
(मनुष्य अपने हालातों पर चीखते-चिल्लाते हैं, जबकि पशु ऐसा नहीं करते हैं।)

(ii) The human beings lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins. But the animals do not weep for their sins.
(मनुष्य अंधेरे में जागकर और रोकर अपने पापों का पश्चात्ताप करते रहते हैं। लेकिन पशु अपने पापों के लिए रोते नहीं हैं।)

(iii) The human beings make the poet sick by discussing their duty to God, but the animals do not do so.
(मनुष्य भगवान के प्रति अपने कर्तव्य पर चर्चा करके कवि को तंग कर देते हैं, जबकि पशु ऐसा नहीं करते हैं।)

Question 3.
Do humans kneel to other humans who lived thousands of years ago ? Discuss this in groups.
(क्या मनुष्य हज़ारों साल पहले रहने वाले दूसरे मनुष्यों के सामने झुकते हैं? इस पर समूह बनाकर चर्चा करें।)
Answer:
Yes, human beings do that. They do so to show respect to the elderly. It is a cultural/moral feature of our society.
(हाँ, मनुष्य ऐसा करते हैं। वे बड़ों का सम्मान करने के लिए ऐसा करते हैं। यह हमारे समाज की एक सांस्कृतिक नैतिक विशेषता है।)

Question 4.
What are the ‘tokens’ that the poet says he may have dropped long ago, and which the animals have kept for him? Discuss this in class. (Hint: Whitman belongs to the Romantic tradition that includes Rousseau and Wordsworth, which holds that civilisation has made humans false to their own true nature. What could be the basic aspects of our nature as living beings that humans choose to ignore or deny ?)
(कौन-से ऐसे ‘संकेत’ हैं जिनके विषय में कवि हमें कहता है कि हमने उन्हें वर्षों पहले ही छोड़ दिया है, और जिन्हें पशुओं ने अभी कवि के लिए रखा है? इसकी कक्षा में चर्चा करें। (संकेत : व्हिटमैन रोमांचकारी रीति-रिवाज़ों से संबंध रखता है जो रूसो और वर्सवर्थ को सम्मिलित करता है, यह मानता है कि सभ्यता ने मानव को अपनी सच्ची प्रकृति से झूठा बना दिया है। सजीव होने के नाते हमारे स्वभाव के क्या मूल तत्त्व हो सकते हैं जिन्हें मनुष्यों को चुनना या छोड़ना चाहिए?)
Answer:
The ‘tokens’ that Whitman speaks of are the tokens of love, affection, kindness, truth, honesty, sympathy, fellow-feelings, etc. towards one and all. It is sad that these good human virtues have disappeared. The poet feels it very bad. He thinks that in this regard animals are better than human beings.

(जिन ‘संकेतों’ के बारे में व्हिटमैन बात कर रहा है वे प्यार, स्नेह, दयालुता, सच्चाई, ईमानदारी, सहानुभूति, भाईचारे की भावना इत्यादि के संकेत हैं, एक-दूसरे के प्रति। यह बहुत ही दुख की बात है कि ये अच्छे मानवीय गुण लुप्त हो गए हैं। कवि को यह बात बहुत बुरी लगती है। वह सोचता है कि इस मामले में पशु मनुष्यों से बेहतर हैं।)

JAC Class 10th English Animals Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What does the poet wish to live with?
Answer:
The poet wishes to turn from human beings and live with animals.

Question 2.
How do the animals appear to the poet?
Answer:
The animals appear calm, peaceful and self-confident to the poet.

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 7 Animals

Question 3.
What is the attitude of the animals towards their condition?
Answer:
The animals do not sweat and complain about their condition.

Question 4.
What is the attitude of the animals toward their sins?
Answer:
The animals do not weep for their sins.

Question 5.
What do the men make the poet sick for?
Answer:
The men make the poet sick by discussing their duty to God.

Question 6.
What mania do the human beings suffer from?
Answer:
The human beings suffer from the mania of possessing things.

Question 7.
What is the attitude of humans about those who lived thousands of years ago?
Answer:
They kneel to the images of those who lived thousands of years ago.

Question 8.
What “tokens of myself does the poet refer to?
Answer:
These tokens of myself are the love and affection of the animals for the poet.

Question 9.
Why does Whitman wish to live with the animals?
Answer:
Whitman wishes to live with the animals because he finds them very peaceful and self-confident.

Question 10.
What shows that the poet loves animals?
Answer:
The poet stands and looks at the animals long and long.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why does the poet want to live with the animals?
(कवि पशुओं के साथ में क्यों रहना चाहता है?)
Answer:
The poet thinks that the animals are very peaceful and self-confident. They do not complain of their condition. They don’t weep for their sins. That is why, he wants to live with the animals.
(कवि महसूस करता है कि पशु बहुत ही शांत और आत्मविश्वास से पूर्ण होते हैं। वे अपनी स्थिति के बारे में शिकायत नहीं करते हैं। वे अपने पापों के लिए रोते नहीं हैं। यही कारण है कि वह पशुओं के साथ रहना चाहता है।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 7 Animals

Question 2.
What is the difference between animals and humans regard their attitude to their conditions, sins and God ?
(अपनी स्थिति, पापों और भगवान के प्रति दृष्टिकोण से मनुष्यों और पशुओं में क्या अंतर है?)
Answer:
Human beings cry about their condition. They lie awake at night in the dark and weep for their sins. They make the poet sick by discussing their duty about God. But animals do not do any of these things. That is why, the poet likes them.
(मनुष्य अपनी स्थिति पर रोते हैं। वे रात को अंधेरे में जागते हुए पड़े रहते हैं और अपने पापों के लिए रोते रहते हैं। वे भगवान के प्रति अपने कर्तव्य पर चर्चा करके कवि को तंग करते रहते हैं। लेकिन पशु इनमें से कोई भी कार्य नहीं करते हैं। यही कारण है कि कवि उन्हें पसंद करता है।)

Question 3.
How are animals different from the humans about owning things or kneeling to one another? (चीजों को रखने और दूसरों के आगे झुकने में पशु मनुष्यों से कैसे भिन्न हैं?)
Answer:
Human beings are mad about possessing things. But animals do not care for possession. It is madness only for the humans. They do not kneel to others as the humans do. For them all are equal.
(मनुष्य चीजों को पाने के पीछे पागल हो रहे हैं। लेकिन पशु चीजों को पाने की परवाह नहीं करते हैं। यह तो केवल मनुष्यों का ही पागलपन है। वे दूसरों के सामने नहीं झुकते हैं जैसे कि मनुष्य करते हैं। उनके लिए सभी बराबर हैं।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 7 Animals

Question 4.
How are animals better than the humans, according to the poet?
(कवि के अनुसार, पशु मनुष्यों से कैसे बेहतर हैं?)
Answer:
According to the poet, the animals are more humane than the humans. They have no such bad qualities as the humans have. In their world, all are happy, equal and content. They show their relations to the poet and he accepts them.
(कवि के अनुसार, पशु मनुष्य की अपेक्षा अधिक मानवीय हैं। उनमें मनुष्यों जैसे बुरे गुण नहीं हैं। उनके संसार में, सभी प्रसन्न, समान और संतुष्ट होते हैं। वे कवि के प्रति अपने संबंधों को व्यक्त करते हैं और वह उन्हें स्वीकार कर लेता है।)

Essay Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the brief summary of poem ‘Animals’ in your own words.
(कविता ‘Animals’ का संक्षिप्त सारांश अपने शब्दों में लिखें।)
Answer:
In this poem, the poet, Whitman compares man to animals. He finds that man lacks many virtues that animals have. The poet desires to live among the animals because they are calm and self confident. They are well contented. They do not sweat and complain about their condition like human beings. They do not possess the mania of possessing things. No animals has to bow to another of their kind. They all are equal and remain satisfied. The poet has a deep desire to learn from the animals. They do not have any kind of falsehood. The poet is much surprised at their quality. He wants to learn them though he had dropped them carelessly.

(इस कविता में, कवि, व्हिटमैन मनुष्य की तुलना पशुओं से करता है। वह पाता है कि मनुष्यों में उन बहुत-से गुणों का अभाव है जो पशुओं में होते हैं। कवि पशुओं के बीच में रहना चाहता है क्योंकि वे शांत और आत्मविश्वास से पूर्ण होते हैं। वे पूर्णतया संतुष्ट होते हैं। वे पसीना नहीं बहाते हैं और मनुष्यों की तरह अपनी स्थिति के बारे में कभी शिकायत नहीं करते हैं। उनमें वस्तुओं का संग्रह करने का उन्माद नहीं होता है। किसी पशु को अपने जैसे दूसरे पशु के सामने झुकना नहीं पड़ता है। वे सभी समान हैं और संतुष्ट रहते हैं। कवि की बहुत इच्छा है कि वह पशुओं से सीखे। उनमें किसी प्रकार का बनावटीपन नहीं होता है। कवि उनके गुण से बहुत अधिक प्रभावित है। वह उनसे सीखना चाहता है यद्यपि उसने इन गुणों को लापरवाही से टाल दिया था।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 7 Animals

Question 2.
What is the theme of the poem ‘Animals?
(“Animals’ कविता का विषय क्या है?)
Or
What is the Central Idea of the poem ‘Animals”?
(“Animals’ कविता का केंद्रीय विचार क्या है?)
Answer:
The theme/Central idea of the poem is the superiority of animals life over to human beings. The poet, Whitman, compares animals with the human beings. He finds animals far better than human beings. The poet finds the reasons of human suffering. Human beings are always dissatisfied. All their actions are with a selfish motives. But animals are far far away from these bad qualities. So the poet wishes to turn and live with the animals.

(इस कविता का विषय केंद्रीय विचार है मनुष्यों के जीवन पर पशुओं के जीवन की श्रेष्ठता। कवि, व्हिटमैन, पशुओं की तुलना मनुष्यों से करता है। वह पशुओं को मनुष्यों की अपेक्षा कहीं बेहतर पाता है। कवि मनुष्यों के कष्टों का कारण भी ढूँढता है। मनुष्य हमेशा असंतुष्ट रहते हैं। उनके सारे कार्य स्वार्थ की भावना से पूर्ण होते हैं। लेकिन पशु इन बुरे गुणों से कोसों दूर हैं। इसलिए कवि विमुख होकर पशुओं के साथ रहना चाहता है।)

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
What does Whitman want to turn from?
(A) human beings
(B) animals
(C) good qualities
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(A) human beings

Question 2.
Whom does the poet wish to live with?
(A) human beings
(B) animals
(C) both (A) and (B)
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(B) animals

Question 3.
How do animals appear to the poet?
(A) calm
(B) full of self-confidence
(C) well-contented
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(D) all of the above

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 7 Animals

Question 4.
Who is/are always complaining about their condition?
(A) the poet
(B) animals
(C) human beings
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(C) human beings

Question 5.
Animals don’t do?
(A) never sweat
(B) never complain about their condition
(C) never weep for their sins
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(D) all of the above

Question 6.
What mania do the human beings suffer from?
(A) possessing of things
(B) good qualities
(C) contentment
(D) peace
Answer:
(A) possessing of things

Question 7.
What do the animals possess?
(A) kindness
(B) fellow-feeling for all
(C) sympathy
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(D) all of the above

Question 8.
According to Whitman who are greater?
(A) human beings
(B) animals
(C) both (A) and (B)
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(B) animals

Question 9.
Who kneels to another?
(A) man
(B) animal
(C) both (A) and (B)
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(A) man

Question 10.
Who is the poet of the poem ‘Animals’?
(A) Robert Frost
(B) Carl Sandburg
(C) Walt Whitman
(D) W.B. Yeats
Answer:
(C) Walt Whitman

Animals Important for Comprehension Of Stanzas

Read the following stanzas and answer the questions that follow :

STANZA 1

I think I could turn and live with animals, they are
so placid and self-contain’d,
I stand and look at them long and long.

Questions:
(a) Name the poem and the poet.
(b) Where could the poet turn from?
(c) Why does the poet want to turn?
(d) What does the poet say about animals?
(e) What shows that the poet loves animals?
Answers:
(a) Poem: Animals, Poet: Walt Whitman
(b) The poet could tum from human beings.
(c) The poet wants to turn because the animals appear calm and peaceful to him,
(d) The animals are calm, peaceful and self-confident.
(e) The poet wants to live with animals.

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 7 Animals

STANZA 2

They do not sweat and whine about their condition,
They do not lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins,
They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God,

Questions:
(a) Name the poem.
(b) What does ‘they’refer to?
(c) Who lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins?
(d) What is the attitude of the animals for their sins?
(e) Which word in the stanza means ‘complain’?
Answers:
(a) The name of the poem is Animals’.
(b) They refer to the animals.
(c) Human beings lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins.
(d) They do not weep for their sins.
(e) Whine.

STANZA 3

Not one is dissatisfied, not one is demented with the mania of owning things,
Not one kneels to another, nor to his kind that lived thousands of years ago,
Not one is respectable or unhappy over the whole earth.

Questions:
(a) Name the poem.
(b) What is unique in the animal world?
(c) What is the attitude of the poet about animals?
(d) Who is unhappy over the whole earth?
(e) Find out a word from the stanza similar in meaning to obsession’
Answers:
(a) The name of the poem is “Animals”
(b) ‘Animals’are not dissatisfied with their life.
(c) The poet likes the life of the animals.
(d) Human beings are unhappy over the whole earth.
(e) Mania.

STANZA 4

So they show their relations to me and I accept them,
They bring me tokens of mysely, they evince them plainly in their possession
I wonder where they get those tokens,
Did I pass that way huge times ago and negligently drop them?

Questions:
(a) Who are they’ here in the first line?
(b) What are these “tokens of myself’?
(c) What is the main point about animals here?
(d) What does the poet wonder about?
(e) What does the poet accept?
Answers :
(a) ‘They’ here are the animals.
(b) These ‘tokens of myself are the love and affection of the animals towards the poet.
(c) The main point here is the difference between humans and the animals.
(d) The poet wonders how the animals got those tokens of love and affection.
(e) The poet accepts that the animals are related to him.

Animals Summary in English

Animals Introduction in English

In this poem the poet, Whitman compares man to animals. He finds that man lacks many virtues that animals have. The poet says that he feels more at home with animals than human beings since they are selfish, false and always dissatisfied, while the animals are unselfish, true and more satisfied. They show their love for us.

Animals Summary in English

In this poem, the poet, Whitman compares man to animals. He finds that man lacks many virtues that animals have. The poet desires to live among the animals because they are calm and self confident. They are well contented. They do not sweat and complain about their condition like human beings. They do not possess the mania of possessing things. No animals has to bow to another of their kind. They all are equal and remain satisfied. The poet has a deep desire to learn from the animals. They do not have any kind of falsehood. The poet is much surprised at their quality. He wants to learn them though he had dropped them carelessly.

Animals Summary in Hindi

Animals Introduction in Hindi

(इस कविता में कवि, व्हिटमैन मनुष्य की तुलना पशुओं से करता है। उसे लगता है कि मनुष्यों में पशुओं वाले बहुत-से गुणों का अभाव है। कवि कहता है कि पशुओं की संगति में वह मनुष्यों की अपेक्षा अधिक आरामदायक महसूस करता है क्योंकि वे स्वार्थी, झूठे और हमेशा असंतुष्ट रहते हैं, जबकि पशु निःस्वार्थी, सच्चे और अधिक संतुष्ट रहते हैं। वे हमारे प्रति अपने प्यार को प्रदर्शित करते हैं।)

Animals Summary in Hindi

इस कविता में, कवि, किटमैन मनुष्य की तुलना पशुओं से करता है। वह पाता है कि मनुष्यों में उन बहुत-से गुणों का अभाव है जो पशुओं में होते हैं। कवि पशुओं के बीच में रहना चाहता है क्योंकि वे शांत और आत्मविश्वास से पूर्ण होते हैं। वे पूर्णतया संतुष्ट होते हैं। वे पसीना नहीं बहाते हैं और मनुष्यों की तरह अपनी स्थिति के बारे में कभी शिकायत नहीं करते हैं। उनमें वस्तुओं का संग्रह करने का उन्माद नहीं होता है। किसी पशु को अपने जैसे दूसरे पशु के सामने झुकना नहीं पड़ता है। वे सभी समान हैं और संतुष्ट रहते हैं। कवि की बहुत इच्छा है कि वह पशुओं से सीखे। उनमें किसी प्रकार का बनावटीपन नहीं होता है। कवि उनके गुण से बहुत अधिक प्रभावित है। वह उनसे सीखना चाहता है यद्यपि उसने इन गुणों को लापरवाही से टाल दिया था।

Animals Translation in Hindi

STANZA 1

I think I could turn and live with animals, they are
so placid and self-contain’d,
I stand and look at them long and long.

Word-meanings: Placid = calm ((शांत)); self-contained = self-confident (आत्मविश्वासी)।

(हिंदी अनुवाद मेरे विचार से मैं जाकर जानवरों के साथ रह सकता हूँ, वे इतने शांत एवं आत्मविश्वासी होते हैं, कि मैं खड़ा होकर उन्हें बहुत देर तक देखता रहता हूँ।)

STANZA 2

They do not sweat and whine about their condition,
They do not lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins,
They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God,

Word-meanings: Sweat = perspire ((पसीना आना)); whine = complain (शिकायत करना)।

(हिंदी अनुवाद उन्हें पसीना नहीं आता और अपनी हालत के बारे में शिकायत नहीं करते, वे अन्धेरे में जागकर अपने पापों के लिए रोते नहीं हैं, वे भगवान के प्रति अपने कर्तव्यों के बारे में बात करके मुझे परेशान नहीं करते।)

STANZA 3

Not one is dissatisfied, not one is demented with the mania of owning things,
Not one kneels to another, nor to his kind that lived thousands of years ago,
Not one is respectable or unhappy over the whole earth.

Word-meanings: Dissatisfied = not satisfied (असन्तुष्ट); demented = mad (पागल); owning = possessing (कब्जा करना/रखना)।

(हिंदी अनुवाद कोई भी असन्तुष्ट नहीं है, कोई भी चीजें एकत्रित करने के पागलपन से पीड़ित नहीं है, कोई दूसरे के सामने झुकता नहीं है, न ही अपनी जाति के प्रति जो हजारों साल पहले थे, सारी धरती पर कोई भी आदरणीय या उदास नहीं है।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 7 Animals

STANZA 4

So they show their relations to me and I accept them,
They bring me tokens of myself, they evince them plainly in their possession
I wonder where they get those tokens,
Did I pass that way huge times ago and negligently drop them?

Word-meanings: Tokens = signs (निशानियाँ); possession = under someone’s possession (किसी के आधिपत्य में होना)।

(हिंदी अनुवाद-इस प्रकार वे मुझसे अपने सम्बन्धों को दर्शाते हैं और मैं उन्हें स्वीकार कर लेता हूँ, वे मेरे पास मेरी निशानियाँ लाते हैं, वे इन्हें स्पष्ट रूप से अपने पास दर्शाते हैं। मुझे हैरानी है कि ये निशानियाँ उन्हें कहाँ मिलीं, क्या मैं बहुत पहले इन्हीं में से पैदा हुआ था और मैंने उन निशानियों को बेपरवाही से टाल दिया था)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 6 Amanda

JAC Board Class 10th English Solutions First Flight Poem 6 Amanda

JAC Class 10th English Amanda Textbook Questions and Answers

Thinking about the Poem (Page 62)

Question 1.
How old do you think Amanda is? How do you know this ?
(आपके विचार में आमांडा की आयु कितनी है? आपको इसके बारे में कैसे पता चलता है?)
Answer:
I think Amanda is a teenager, that is, around 12 or 13. She has acne on her face. Usually, boys or girls at this age have them on their faces.
(मेरे विचार में आमांडा एक किशोरी है, जिसकी आयु 12 या 19 वर्ष है। उसके चेहरे पर मुहाँसे हैं। प्रायः इसी उम्र के लड़कों 0 लड़कियों के चेहरों पर मुहाँसे निकलते हैं।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 6 Amanda

Question 2.
Who do you think is speaking to her?
(आपके विचार में उससे कौन बातें कर रहा रही है।)
Answer:
It is either her mother or father, one speaking to her.
(उसकी माता या पिता में से, कोई एक उससे बातें कर रहा है।)

Question 3.
Why are Stanzas 2, 4 and 6 given in parenthesis?
(पद्यांश2,4 और 6 अकेट में क्यों दिए गए है?)
Answer:
Stanzas 2,4 and 6 are given in parenthesis because they are not spoken by the speaker. Here there is a change in narration. These stanzas reflect the thoughts of a day-dreaming girl, that is, Amanda.

(पद्यांश 2, 4 और 6 वैकेट में दिए गए हैं क्योंकि वे वक्ता के द्वारा नहीं बोले गए हैं। अतः इनमें कथन का परिवर्तन आ रहा है। ये पद्यांश एक कल्पनाशील लड़की के विचारों को व्यक्त करते हैं जिसका नाम आमांडा है।)

Question 4.
Who is the speaker in Stanzas 2,4and 6? Do you think this speaker is listening to the speaker in Stanzas 1, 3, 5 and 7?
(पद्यांश 24 और 6 में वक्ता कौन है? क्या आपके विचार में यह क्क्ता पद्यांश 3,5,7के वक्ता की बात को सुन रहा है।)
Answer:
In stanza 2,4 and 6 the speaker is Amanda. In Stanza 2 the speaker is Amanda in the form of a mermaid, in stanza 4 in the form of an orphan and in stanza 6 in the form of a fairy. She does not listen to the speaker of stanzas 1, 3, 5 and 7 as she is a day-dreaming girl.

(stanza 2, 4 और 6 की वक्ता आमांडा है। stanza 2 में वह एक जलपरी के रूप में, stanza 4 में एक अनाथ के रूप में और stanza 6 में एक परी के रूप में वक्ता है। वह stanza 1,3,5 और 7 के वक्ता की बात को नहीं सुनती क्योंकि वह एक कल्पनाशील लड़की है।)

Question 5.
What could Amanda do if she were a mermaid?
(यदि आमांडा एक जलपरी होती तो वह क्या कर सकती वी?)
Answer:
If Amanda were a mermaid, she could move about in the green sea blissfully.
(यदि आमांडा एक जलपरी होती तो वह प्रसन्नतापूर्वक समुद्र में विचरण कर सकती थी।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 6 Amanda

Question 6.
Is Amanda an orphan? Why does she say so?
(क्या आमांड एक अनाय है? वह ऐसा क्यों कहती है?)
Answer:
No, Amanda is not an orphan wandering in the street. It is clear in stanga 4. She says so because she wants to have freedom which perhaps she does not have being a parental child.
(नहीं, आमांडा गली में घूमने वाली एक अनाथ लड़की नहीं है। इसका पता हमें stanxa4 में चलता है। वह ऐसा इसलिए कहती है क्योंकि वह पूरी स्वतंत्रता चाहती है जोकि उसे माता-पिता के होने से नहीं मिल पा रही है।)

Question 7.
Do you know the story of Rapunzel? Why does she want to be Rapunzel?
(क्या आपको रेपुंजल की कहानी के बारे में पता है? वह रेपंज़ल क्यों बनना चाहती है?)
Answer:
Rapunzel is the heroine of a fairy story. She is a beautiful girl with long hair. She is imprisoned in a tall tower by a witch. In the story a handsome prince comes and is able to climb to the top of the tower to meet her. He calls out to her, “Rapunzel, Rapunzel, let down your long hair.” Amanda wants to be Rapunzel because then she will have long hair and her prince charming will come to rescue her from her dull life.

रिपुंजल परियों की एक कहानी की नायिका है। वह लंबे बालों वाली एक सुंदर लड़की है। उसके एक जादूगरनी के द्वारा एक ऊँचे टॉवर में बंदी बना लिया जाता है। कहानी में एक सुंदर राजकुमार आता है और उससे मिलने के लिए टॉवर के शिखर पर चढ़ जाने में सफल हो जाता है। वह उसे पुकारता है, “रेपुंज़ल, रेपुंजल, अपने लंबे बालों को नीचे गिराओ।” आमांडा रेपुंजल बनना चाहती है क्योंकि तब उसके लंबे बाल होंगे और उसका आकर्षक राजकुमार उसे नीरसता भरे जीवन से बचाने के लिए आएगा।)

Question 8.
What does the girl yearn for? What does this poem tell you about Amanda?
(लड़की किस चीज की इच्छा करती है? यह कविता आपको आमांडा के विषय में क्या बताती है?)
Answer:
The girl yearns for freedom. She wants to lead her life the way she likes. Perhaps she does not get freedom in her house. That is why, in her day-dreams, she imagines her to be free and charming.
(लड़की स्वतंत्रता की इच्छा करती है। वह अपने जीवन को अपनी मर्जी के अनुसार जीना चाहती है। शायद उसे अपने घर में स्वतंत्रता नहीं मिलती। यही कारण है कि वह सारा दिन स्वतंत्र होने और आकर्षक होने के ख्वाब देखती रहती है।)

Question 9.
Read the last stanza. Do you think Amanda is sulking and is moody?
(अंतिम stanza को पढ़िए। क्या आपके विचार में आमांडा उदासीन और अपने में मस्त रहने वाली लड़की है?)
Answer:
The speaker thinks that Amanda is sulking. In fact, Amanda is not happy with her surroundings. She often escapes to the world of day-dreams. That is why, when she comes back from those dreams to the world of harsh reality, she seems to be sulking.
(वक्ता की सोच है कि आमांडा एक उदासीन लड़की है। वास्तव में आमांडा अपने वातावरण से संतुष्ट नहीं है। वह प्रायः ख्वाबों की दुनिया में चली जाती है। यही कारण है कि जब वह उन ख्वाबों से कटु सच्चाइयों वाले संसार में वापिस लौटती है तो वह उदासीन लगती है।)

JAC Class 10th English Amanda Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What does the speaker ask Amanda not to do to her nails?
Answer:
The speaker asks Amanda not to bite her nails.

Question 2.
What should Amanda not to do to her soldiers?
Answer:
She should not hunch her soldiers.

Question 3.
How should Amanda sit?
Answer:
She should sit straight

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 6 Amanda

Question 4.
What does Amanda wish to do in the sea?
Answer:
She wishes to drift blissfully with the soft-moving waves of the sea.

Question 5.
What was Amanda to finish?
Answer:
She was to finish her homework.

Question 6.
Has Amanda cleaned her shoes?
Answer:
No, she has not cleaned her shoes.

Question 7.
If Amanda is an orphan, what will she do?
Answer:
She will roam about in the streets.

Question 8.
How is silence described?
Answer:
Silence is described as golden.

Question 9.
What is Amanda prohibited to eat?
Answer:
She is prohibited to eat chocolate.

Question 10.
Why should Amanda not eat chocolate?
Answer:
She should not eat chocolate as it causes acne.

Question 11.
Who was Rapunzel?
Answer:
Rapunzel was a fairy with very long hair.

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 6 Amanda

Question 12.
What did Rapunzel do with her long hair?
Answer:
She let her hair fall down from the castle for her lover to climb up holding them.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How does Amanda is seen behaving when the poem starts? What does the speaker ask her not to do?
(जब कविता आरंभ होती है तो आमांडा कैसा व्यवहार करती हुई दिखाई देती है? वक्ता उसे क्या नहीं करने के लिए कहता है?)
Answer:
When the poem beings, we find that Amanda is biting her nails. She is She is sitting in a slouching posture. That is why, the speaker asks her to behave normally. He asks her not to bite her nails and hunch her shoulders. She should sit up straight

(जब कविता आरंभ होती है तो हम देखते हैं कि आमांडा अपने नाखून दाँतों से काट रही है। वह अपने कंधों को उचका रही है। वह दुबके हुए आसन में बैठी है। यही कारण है कि वक्ता उसे ठीक प्रकार से व्यवहार करने के लिए कहता है। वह उससे कहता है कि वह अपने नाखूनों को मत काटे और कंचे मत उचकाए। उसे सीधा होकर बैठना चाहिए।)

Question 2.
How is the sea portrayed in the poem “Amanda”?
(‘आमांडा’ कविता में समुद्र को किस प्रकार चित्रित किया गया है?)
Answer:
The sea is portrayed as peaceful and beautiful in the poem. If Amanda is a mermaid she could move about in the green sea blissfully.
(समुद्र को शांत और सुंदर चित्रित किया गया है। यदि आमांडा एक जलपरी होती तो वह प्रसन्नतापूर्वक समुद्र में विचरण कर सकती थी।)

Question 3.
What three things did the speaker ask Amanda to do which she has not done?
(वक्ता आमांडा से कौन-कौन सी तीन चीजें करने को कहता है जो उसने नहीं की है?).
Answer:
The speaker asks Amanda to finish her homework. Then he asks her if she has cleaned up her room. Finally he finds that her shoes are not clean even though he had asked her to clean them.

(वक्ता आमांडा से अपना गृहकार्य पूरा करने के लिए कहता है। तब वह उससे पूछता है कि क्या उसने अपना कमरा साफ कर लिया है। अंततः वह देखता है कि उसके जूते साफ नहीं हैं, जबकि उसने उसे जूते साफ करने के लिए कहा था।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 6 Amanda

Question 4.
How does Amanda describe her life as an orphan?
(आमांडा अनाथ के रूप में अपने जीवन का वर्णन कैसे करती है?)
Answer:
Amanda says that she is an orphan. She is free and roams the street. There is a soft dust in the street under her feet. She walks silently and creates patterns on the soft dust with her bare feet. She thinks that silence is golden and freedom is sweet.

(आमांडा कहती है कि वह एक अनाथ है। वह स्वतंत्र है और सड़कों पर घूमती है। उसके पाँवों के नीचे सड़क पर मुलायम धूल है। वह सावधानीपूर्वक चलती है और मुलायम धूल पर अपने नंगे पाँवों के निशान छोड़ती है। वह सोचती है कि चुप्पी सोने के समान है और स्वतंत्रता का अहसास मधुर होता है।)

Question 5.
Why is Amanda forbidden to eat chocolate ? How does Amanda behave when she is addressed by the speaker ?
(आमांडा को चॉकलेट खाने की मनाही क्यों है? आमांडा कैसे व्यवहार करती है जब वक्ता के द्वारा उसे संबोधित किया जाता है?)
Answer:
The speaker asks Amanda not to eat chocolate. It is because she has had acnes already. Eating chocolate might create more pimples. Amanda listens to the speaker without raising her face.
(वक्ता आमांडा को चॉकलेट न खाने के लिए कहता है। ऐसा इसलिए है क्योंकि उसे पहले ही मुहाँसे निकले हुए हैं। चॉकलेट खाने से और अधिक मुहाँसे निकल सकते हैं। आमांडा अपना चेहरा ऊपर उठाए बिना वक्ता की बात सुनती है।)

Question 6.
Why does Amanda say, ‘I am Rapunzel’? What does she promise not to do?
(आमांडा क्यों कहती है “मैं रेपंजल हूँ”? वह क्या नहीं करने का वायदा करती है?)
Answer:
Rapunzel was a beautiful girl with long hair. She was locked up in a tower by a witch. In her imagination, Amanda thinks herself to be like Rapunzel who led a peaceful life. She promises never to let down her bright hair.

(रपुंजल लंबे बालों वाली एक सुंदर लड़की थी। उसे एक जादूगरनी के द्वारा एक टॉवर में बंदी बना दिया गया था। अपनी कल्पना में आमांडा, रेपुंजल बनने की सोचती है जो कि शांत जीवन व्यतीत करती है। वह वायदा करती है कि वह अपने चमकीले बालों को कभी नीचे नहीं गिराएगी।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 6 Amanda

Question 7.
What does the speaker tell Amanda in the end? What is the speaker afraid of?
(वक्ता अंत में आमांडा को क्या बताता है? वक्ता को किस बात का डर है?)
Answer:
The speaker thinks that Amanda is sulking and moody. He thinks that Amanda is always moody. He asks her not to sulk because he is afraid that people will think that he is nagging Amanda.

(वक्ता सोचता है कि आमांडा उदासीन और अपने में मस्त रहने वाली लड़की है। वह सोचता है कि आमांडा हमेशा अपने आप में मस्त रहती है। वह आमांडा से कहता है कि वह उदासीन न रहे क्योंकि उसे डर है कि कहीं लोग उससे यह न कहें कि उसने आमांडा के साथ झगड़ा किया है।)

Essay Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the brief summary of poem ‘Amanda’ in your own words.
(कविता ‘Amanda’ का संक्षिप्त सारांश अपने शब्दों में लिखें।)
Or
What is the poem ‘Amanda’ about? What are the things Amanda is asked to do and not to do?
(आमांडा कविता किस बारे में है? आमांडा को क्या करने और क्या न करने के लिए कहा जाता है?)
Answer:
This poem is about the views of a small girl named Amanda about liberty in life. She is instructed not to bite her nails and not to hunch her shoulders. She is instructed to sit straight. She wants freedom and wishes to draft in the sea like a mermaid. The speaker asks her if she has done her homework, cleaned her room and shoes. The girl wishes that she should be an orphan roaming freely in the dusty streets. The speaker forbids her to eat chocolate but the little girl does not even look at the speaker because she does not like this type of restrictions. She considers herself to be Rapunzel and yearns that some prince will come for the sake of her liberty.

(यह कविता आमांडा नामक एक छोटी लड़की के जीवन की आजादी के बारे में, उसके विचारों के बारे में बताती है। उसे हिदायत दी जाती है कि वह अपने नाखूनों को दाँतों से न काटे और अपने कंधों को न उचकाए। उसे सीधे बैठने की हिदायत दी जाती है। वह स्वतंत्रता की चाह रखती है और एक जलपरी की भाँति समुद्र में विचरण करना चाहती है। वक्ता उससे पूछता है कि क्या उसने अपना गृहकार्य कर लिया है और अपना कमरा तथा जूते साफ कर लिए हैं। इस पर लड़की कामना करती है कि वह एक अनाथ बच्ची होती और अपनी मर्जी से धूलभरी सड़कों पर घूमती रहती। वक्ता उसे चॉकलेट खाने से मना करता है लेकिन छोटी लड़की उसकी ओर देखती भी नहीं है क्योंकि उसे इस तरह के प्रतिबंध पसंद नहीं हैं। वह स्वयं को रेपुंज़ल मानती है और इच्छा करती है कि किसी दिन कोई राजकुमार उसे स्वतंत्र कराने के लिए आएगा।)

Question 2.
What is the Central Idea of the poem Amanda?
(‘Amanda’ कविता का केन्द्रीय विषय क्या है?)
Answer:
Every child feels that he/she is controlled and instructed not to do one thing or another. The child feels that his/her freedom is being curtailed. In this poem the poet Robin Klein expresses the views of a small girl, Amanda, about liberty in life. How does the girl react to the restiction imposed upon her by her parents is very interesting. The central idea of the poem is that children love freedom. They do not want many restrictions on their activities. Secondly, they have a dream world of their own. They like to spend most of their time in that dream world. But the elders are always destroying that dream world by ordering them around.

(प्रत्येक बच्चा महसूस करता है कि उसे एक या दूसरी चीज़ करने से नियंत्रित या निर्देशित किया जाता है। बच्चा महसूस करता है कि उसकी स्वतंत्रता का हनन किया जा रहा है। इस कविता में कवि रोबिन क्लाइन आमांडा नामक एक छोटी लड़की के जीवन में स्वतंत्रता के विषय में विचारों को प्रदर्शित करता है। लड़की अपने माता-पिता के द्वारा अपने लगाए गए प्रतिबंधों पर कैसे प्रतिक्रिया करती है, यह बहुत रोचक है। इस कविता का केंद्रीय विचार यह है कि बच्चे स्वतंत्रता को पसंद करते हैं। वे अपनी गतिविधियों पर अधिक अंकुश नहीं चाहते। दूसरे, उनका अपना ही सपनों का संसार होता है। वे अपना अधिकतर समय उसी स्वप्नलोक में बिताना चाहते हैं। लेकिन बड़े लोग हमेशा ही उन्हें आदेश देकर उनके इस स्वप्नलोक को भंग करते रहते हैं।) .

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
What was Amanda doing?
(A) biting her nails
(B) hunching her shoulders
(C) slounching her back
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(D) all of the above

Question 2.
What had the speaker asked Amanda to do?
(A) doing her homework
(B) sleeping
(C) eating
(D) playing
Answer:
(A) doing her homework

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 6 Amanda

Question 3.
How does Amanda imagine herself?
(A) mermaid
(B) monster
(C) fish
(D) girl
Answer:
(A) mermaid

Question 4.
What task was given to Amanda by the speaker?
(A) doing homework
(B) cleaning room
(C) cleaning shoes
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(D) all of the above

Question 5.
What does Amanda consider herself?
(A) good player
(B) orphan
(C) very intelligent
(D) very rich
Answer:
(B) orphan

Question 6.
What does the speaker forbide Amanda to eat?
(A) food
(B) fruit
(C) chocolate
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(C) chocolate

Question 7.
How does the speaker describe Amanda?
(A) sulking
(B) moody
(C) both (A) and (B)
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(C) both (A) and (B)

Question 8.
Who was Rapunzel?
(A) a fairy
(B) a witch
(C) a prince
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(A) a fairy

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 6 Amanda

Question 9.
Who had imprisoned Rapunzel?
(A) the king
(B) the prince
(C) a witch
(D) Amanda
Answer:
(C) a witch

Question 10.
Who is the poet of the poem ‘Amanda’?
(A) Carolyn Wells
(B) Robin Klein
(C) Leslie Norris
(D) Robert Frost
Answer:
(B) Robin Klein

Amanda Important for Comprehension Of Stanzas

Read the following stanzas and answer the questions that follow :

STANZA 1

Don’t bite your nails, Amanda!
Don’t hunch your shoulders, Amanda!
Stop that slouching and sit up straight,
Amanda!

Questions:
(a) What is Amanda doing to her nails?
(b) What does she do to her shoulders?
(c) What is her sitting posture?
(d) How should Amanda sit?
(e) Name the poem and the poet.

Answer:
(a) She is biting her nails.
(b) She hunches her shoulders.
(c) She is sitting in a slouching posture.
(d) Amanda should sit straight.
(e) Poem: Amanda, Poet: Robin Klein

STANZA 2

(There is a languid, emerald sea,
where the sole inhabitant is me
a mermaid, drifting blissfully.)

Questions:
(a) Who do these lines refer to?
(b) How is the sea?
(c) Who is the sole inhabitant of the sea?
(d) Why is this stanza bracketed?
(e) What does the person referred want to do?
Answer:
(a) These lines refer to a little girl Amanda.
(b) The sea is peaceful and beautiful.
(c) Amanda is the mermaid who is the sole inhabitant of the green sea.
(d) This second stanza is bracketed because this is the day dream of Amanda
(e) Amanda wants to drift blissfully with the soft-moving waves of the sea.

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 6 Amanda

STANZA 3

Did you finish your homework, Amanda?
Did you tidy your room, Amanda?
I thought I told you to clean your shoes,
Amanda!

Questions:
(a) What does the speaker ask Amanda about her homework?
(b) What does he ask her about her room?
(c) What was Amanda told to clean?
(d) Has Amanda cleaned her shoes?
(e) Name the poem and the poet.
Answer:
(a) The speaker asks Amanda if she has done her homework.
(b) He asks her if she had cleaned her room.
(c) Amanda was told to clean her shoes.
(d) No, Amanda has not cleaned her shoes.
(e) Poem: Amanda, Poet: Robin Klein.

STANZA 4

(I am an orphan, roaming the street.
I pattern soft dust with my hushed, bare feet.
The silence is golden, the freedom is sweet.)

Questions:
(a) Name the poem.
(b) What does the speaker say about silence and freedom?
(c) What does Amanda imagine herself to be?
(d) How does the speaker make designs?
(e) Find out a word from the stanza, similar in meaning to ‘wandering
Answer:
(a) The name of the poem is “Amanda!”.
(b) The speaker says that silence is golden and freedom is sweet.
(c) Amanda imagines herself to be an orphan.
(d) The speaker makes designs with her bare feet on the soft dust.
(e) Roaming.

STANZA 5

Don’t eat that chocolate, Amanda!
Remember your acne, Amanda!
Will you please look at me when
I’m speaking to you,
Amanda!

Questions:
(a) What does the speaker tell Amanda about chocolate?
(b) Why should she not eat chocolate, according to the speaker?
(c) What does the speaker want Amanda to do when he is talking to her?
(d) Was Amanda listening to the speaker?
(e) Name the poem and the poet.
Answer:
(a) The speaker tells Amanda not to eat chocolate.
(b) She should not eat chocolate as it causes acne.
(c) The speaker wants that Amanda should look at him when he is addressing her.
(d) No, Amanda was not listening to the speaker.
(e) Poem: Amanda, Poet: Robin Klein.

STANZA 6

(I am Rapunzel, I have not a care;
life in a tower is tranquil and rare;
I’ll certainly never let down my bright hair!)

Questions:
(a) Who was Rapunzel?
(b) What kind of life did Rapunzel lead?
(c) What did she do with her bright hair?
(d) What does the girl in these lines want to do?
(e) Which word in the Stanza means ‘peaceful”?
Answer:
(a) Rapunzel was a fairy with very long hair.
(b) She led a peaceful life in a tower in which she was imprisoned by a witch.
(c) She let her hair fall down from the castle for her lover to climb up holding them.
(d) She wants never let down her bright hair.
(e) tranquil

STANZA 7

Stop that sulking at once, Amanda!
You’re always so moody, Amanda!
Anyone would think that I nagged at you,
Amanda!

Questions:
(a) What is the name of the poem and the poet?
(b) Whom does the speaker ask to stop sucking?
(c) What kind of a girl was Amanda?
(d) What does the speaker fear people will think about him?
(e) Find words from the stanza which mean the same as: getting bad – tempered (ii) annoyed
Answer:
(a) The name of the poem is Amanda’ and the name of the poet is Robin Klein
(b) The speaker asks Amanda to stop sucking.
(c) She was freedom loving and moody.
(d) The speaker fears that people will think that he nags Amanda.
(e) (i) sulking (ii) nagged

Amanda summary in English

Amanda Introduction in English

Every child feels that he/she is controlled and instructed not to do one thing or another. The child feels that his/her freedom is being curtailed. In this poem the poet Robin Klein expresses the views of a small girl, Amanda, about liberty in life. How does the girl react to the restiction imposed upon her by her parents is very interesting.

(प्रत्येक बच्चा महसूस करता है कि उसे एक या दूसरी चीज़ करने से नियंत्रित या निर्देशित किया जाता है। बच्चा महसूस करता है कि उसकी स्वतंत्रता का हनन किया जा रहा है। इस कविता में कवि रोबिन क्लाइन आमांडा नामक एक छोटी लड़की के जीवन में स्वतंत्रता के विषय में विचारों को प्रदर्शित करता है। लड़की अपने माता-पिता के द्वारा अपने लगाए गए प्रतिबंधों पर कैसे प्रतिक्रिया करती है, यह बहुत रोचक है।)

Amanda Summary in English

This poem is about the views of a small girl named Amanda about liberty in life. She is instructed not to bite her nails and not to hunch her shoulders. She is instructed to sit straight. She wants freedom and wishes to draft in the sea like a mermaid. The speaker asks her if she has done her homework, cleaned her room and shoes. The girl wishes that she should be an orphan roaming freely in the dusty streets. The speaker forbids her to eat chocolate but the little girl does not even look at the speaker because she does not like this type of restrictions. She considers herself to be Rapunzel and yearns that some prince will come for the sake of her liberty.

Amanda summary in Hindi

Amanda Introduction in Hindi

(प्रत्येक बच्चा महसूस करता है कि उसे एक या दूसरी चीज़ करने से नियंत्रित या निर्देशित किया जाता है। बच्चा महसूस करता है कि उसकी स्वतंत्रता का हनन किया जा रहा है। इस कविता में कवि रोबिन क्लाइन आमांडा नामक एक छोटी लड़की के जीवन में स्वतंत्रता के विषय में विचारों को प्रदर्शित करता है। लड़की अपने माता-पिता के द्वारा अपने लगाए गए प्रतिबंधों पर कैसे प्रतिक्रिया करती है, यह बहुत रोचक है।)

Amanda Summary in Hindi

(‘यह कविता आमांडा नामक एक छोटी लड़की के जीवन की आजादी के बारे में, उसके विचारों के बारे में बताती है। उसे हिदायत दी जाती है कि वह अपने नाखूनों को दाँतों से न काटे और अपने कंधों को न उचकाए। उसे सीधे बैठने की हिदायत दी जाती है। वह स्वतंत्रता की चाह रखती है और एक जलपरी की भाँति समुद्र में विचरण करना चाहती है। वक्ता उससे पूछता है कि क्या उसने अपना गृहकार्य कर लिया है और अपना कमरा तथा जूते साफ कर लिए हैं। इस पर लड़की कामना करती है कि वह एक अनाथ बच्ची होती और अपनी मर्जी से धूलभरी सड़कों पर घूमती रहती। वक्ता उसे चॉकलेट खाने से मना करता है लेकिन छोटी लड़की उसकी ओर देखती भी नहीं है क्योंकि उसे इस तरह के प्रतिबंध पसंद नहीं हैं। वह स्वयं को रेपुंजल मानती है और इच्छा करती है कि किसी दिन कोई राजकुमार उसे स्वतंत्र कराने के लिए आएगा।)

Amanda Translation in Hindi

STANZA 1

Don’t bite your nails, Amanda!
Don’t hunch your shoulders, Amanda
Stop that slouching and sit up straight,
Amanda!

Word-meanings : Bite = nibble ( कुतरना) ; hunch = raise (उचकाना); straight = proper (सीधी); slouching = crouching (दुबकना)।

(हिंदी अनुवाद-अपने नाखून न कुतरो, आमांडा! अपने कंधे मत उचकाओ, आमांडा! दुबकना बंद करो और सीधे बैठ जाओ, आमांडा!)

STANZA 2

(There is a languid, emerald sea,
where the sole inhabitant is me
a mermaid, drifting blissfully.)

Word-meanings : Languid = relaxed/peaceful (शांत); inhabitant = dweller (निवासी); mermaid = water fairy (जलपरी); drifting blissfully = moving slowly (धीरे-धीरे चलना)।
(हिन्दी अनुवाद-वहाँ पर शांत और हरा सागर है, जहाँ पर मैं अकेली रहती हूँ-मैं एक शांत रूप से धीरे-धीरे चलने वाली जलपरी हूँ।)

STANZA 3

Did you finish your homework, Amanda?
Did you tidy your room, Amanda?
I thought I told you to clean your shoes,
Amanda!

Word-meaning: Tidy = clean (साफ़ करना)।

(हिन्दी अनुवाद-आमांडा, क्या तुमने अपना गृहकार्य खत्म कर लिया है ? आमांडा, क्या तुमने अपना कमरा सँवारा? मेरे विचार में मैंने आमांडा तुम्हें अपने जूते साफ़ करने के लिए कहा था!)

STANZA 4

(I am an orphan, roaming the street
I pattern soft dust with my hushed, bare feet
The silence is golden, the freedom is sweet)

Word-meanings: Orphan = one whose parents are dead (अनाथ); roaming $=$ wandering (घूमना); pattern = make designs (नमूने (आकृति) बनाना); hushed = silent (शांत); bare feet = shoeless (नंगे पाँव)।
हिन्दी अनुवाद-मैं एक अनाथ लड़की हूँ, जो गलियों में घूम रही हूँ। मैं खामोशी से अपने नंगे पाँव से नर्म धूल पर नमूने बनाती हूँ। खामोशी सुनहरी है, आज़ादी मधुर है।

STANZA 5

Don’t eat that chocolate, Amanda!
Remember your acne, Amanda!
Will you please look at me when I’m speaking to you,
Amanda!

Word-meaning: Acne = pimples (मुहाँसे)।

(हिन्दी अनुवाद-चॉकलेट मत खाओ, आमांडा ! अपने मुहाँसों को याद रखो, आमांडा! क्या तुम कृपा करके मेरी तरफ देखोगी जब मैं तुमसे बात कर रहा हूँ, आमांडा!)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 6 Amanda

STANZA 6

(I am Rapunzel, I have not a care;
life in a tower is tranquil and rare;
I’ll certainly never let down my bright hair!)

Word-meanings: Tranquil = peaceful (शांत); rare = uncommon (दुर्लभ); let down = let fall down, (गिराना)।

(हिन्दी अनुवाद-मैं रेपुंज़ल हूँ, मुझे कोई चिंता नहीं है। टॉवर में जीवन शांत और दुर्लभ है। निस्संदेह मैं कभी भी अपने चमकीले बाल ढीले नहीं करूँगी!)

STANZA 7

Stop that sulking at once, Amanda!
You ’re always so moody, Amanda!
Anyone would think that I nagged at you,
Amanda!

Word-meanings: Sulking = getting bad tempered (चिड़चिड़ा होना); nagged = quarreled (झगड़ना)।

(हिन्दी अनुवाद-आमांडा, चिड़चिड़ी बनना एकदम बंद कर दो! तुम सदा ही मूडी रही हो, आमांडा! कोई भी सोचेगा कि मैंने तुम्हारे साथ झगड़ा किया है, आमांडा!)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 5 The Ball Poem

JAC Board Class 10th English Solutions First Flight Poem 5 The Ball Poem

JAC Class 10th English The Ball Poem Textbook Questions and Answers

Thinking about the Poem (Page 47)

In pairs, attempt the following questions.
(जोड़े बनाकर निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों को हल करो।)

Question 1.
Why does the poet say, “I would not intrude on him”? Why doesn’t he offer him money to buy another ball?
(कवि क्यों कहता है, “मैं उसकी अवस्था में दखल नहीं दूंगा” ? दूसरी गेंद खरीदने के लिए वह उसे पैसे क्यों नहीं देता है?)
Answer:
The boy is really shaken at the loss of his ball. The poet says that he will not intrude upon the boy because the boy must learn to tolerate loss. The poet emphasises this loss. He thinks that money cannot compensate the sense of loss. So he doesn’t give the boy money.

(लड़का अपनी गेंद के खो जाने से काँप उठता है। कवि कहता है कि वह उसकी अवस्था में दखल नहीं देमा क्योंकि लड़के को क्षति सहन करना सीखना होगा। कवि इस क्षति पर जोर देता है। वह कहता है कि धन क्षति की पूर्ति नहीं कर सकता। इसलिए वह लड़के को धन नहीं देता।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 5 The Ball Poem

Question 2.
“…staring down /All his young days into the harbour where/His ball went…” Do you think the boy has had the ball for a long time? Is it linked to the memories of days when he played with it?
(“………. घूरते हुए देखना/अपने उन सभी युवा दिनों को जब वह बंदरगाह पर गेंद से खेलता था। उसकी गेंद चली गई…..।” क्या आपके विचार में लड़के के पास बहुत दिनों से गेंद थी? क्या इसका संबंध उन दिनों से है जब वह गेंद के साथ खेला करता था?)
Answer:
Yes, the boy has had the ball for a long time. It is clear from the lines in the poem. ‘staring down/ All his young days…’These lines show that the ball is linked to the memories of many days.

(हाँ, लड़के के पास बहुत दिनों से गेंद थी। यह कविता में वर्णित इन पंक्तियों से स्पष्ट होता है। ये पंक्तियाँ दर्शाती हैं कि गेंद बहुत-से दिनों की यादों से जुड़ी हुई है।)

Question 3.
What does “in the world of possessions” mean?
(“भौतिक संसार” का क्या अर्थ है?)
Answer:
It means ‘the world’ of materialistic things. In such a world ones’ possessions carry importance.
(इसका अर्थ है भौतिक चीजों का संसार। ऐसे संसार में किसी व्यक्ति के पास होने वाली चीजों का बहुत महत्त्व होता है।)

Question 4.
Do you think the boy has lost anything earlier? Pick out the words that suggest the answer.
(आपके विचार में लड़के ने क्या पहले भी कोई चीज खोई है? उत्तर को बताने वाले शब्द छाँटिए।)
Answer:
The boy has lost something earlier also. It is clear in the opening line ‘What is the boy now’.
(लड़के ने पहले भी कोई चीज खोई है। कविता की पहली पंक्ति ‘अब लड़के को क्या हो गया है?’ इसके बारे में बताती है।)

Question 5.
What does the poet say the boy is learning from the loss of the ball? Try to explain this in your own words.
(कवि के विचार में लड़का गेंद के खो जाने से क्या सबक सीख रहा है? इसकी अपने शब्दों में व्याख्या करने का प्रयास करो।)
Answer:
The poet says that the boy is learning to live with his loss. In this world loss is a fact. The boy has lost his ball. He is shaken by it. But he must try to understand emotional implication of the sense of loss.
(कवि कहता है कि लड़का इस क्षति के साथ जीना सीख रहा है। इस संसार में ‘खो जाना’ एक सच्चाई है। लड़के ने अपनी गेंद खो दी है। वह इससे काँप उठा है। लेकिन उसे क्षति से जुड़ी हुई भावनात्मक उलझनों को समझने का प्रयास करना चाहिए।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 5 The Ball Poem

Question 6.
Have you ever lost something you liked very much? Write a paragraph describing how you felt then, and saying whether-and how you got over your loss.
(क्या आपने कभी कोई ऐसी वस्तु खोई है जिसे आप बहुत चाहते थे? आप एक पैरा लिखकर बताइए कि तब आपको कैसा लगा और बताइए कि आपने किस प्रकार से अपनी क्षति को पूरा किया?)
Answer:
Yes, I have lost many things in life. But the loss of my camera will always remain fresh in my memory. My father had given it to me on my fourteenth birthday. I was very happy. I showed it to many friends. One day we went to see a match. We went in the local bus. I placed it on my seat. When the bus stop came, I left the bus and forgot the camera in the bus. It was lost forever. I remained sad for many days at that loss.

(हाँ, मैंने जिंदगी में बहुत-सी चीजें खोई हैं। लेकिन मेरे कैमरे का खोया जाना हमेशा मेरी यादों में ताजा रहेगा। इसे मेरे पिता जी ने मेरे चौदहवें जन्म दिवस पर दिया था। मैं बड़ा खुश था। मैंने इसे अपने बहुत-से मित्रों को दिखाया। एक दिन हम मैच देखने गए। हम लोकल बस से गए। मैंने इसे अपनी सीट पर रख दिया। जब बस स्टॉप आया तो मैं नीचे उतर गया और कैमरे को बस में ही भूल गया। यह हमेशा के लिए खो गया। उस क्षति पर मैं कई दिनों तक उदास रहा।)

JAC Class 10th English The Ball Poem Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What has the boy lost in the water?
Answer: He has lost his ball in the water of the sea.

Question 2.
Where did the ball land finally?
Answer:
The ball landed finally in the water.

Question 3.
What was the reaction of the boy at the loss of his ball?
Answer:
The boy was sad and troubled at the loss of his ball.

Question 4.
Where was the boy staring down?
Answer:
The boy was staring down the harbour where his ball had gone.

Question 5.
What does ‘in the world of possessions’ means?
Answer:
It means the world of materialistic things.

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 5 The Ball Poem

Question 6.
Do you think the boy has lost something earlier?
Answer:
Yes, he has lost something earlier.

Question 7.
What lesson does the boy learn?
Answer:
He learns the lesson that gains and losses are the part and parcel of life.

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 5 The Ball Poem

Question 8.
Why is ‘money called external?
Answer:
Money is called external because we can replace the lost things with its help.

Question 9.
Why are the boy’s eyes desperate?
Answer:
His eyes are desperate because he has lost his ball.

Question 10.
Who is the poet of the poem “The Ball Poem?
Answer:
John Berryman.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What does the poet notice at the beginning of the poem?
(कविता के आरंभ में कवि क्या देखता है?)
Answer:
The poet sees a boy playing near a harbour with a ball. The poet saw his ball bouncing. It bounced and fell into the water of the harbour. The boy lost his ball. He became very sad.
(कवि बंदरगाह के समीप एक लड़के को गेंद के साथ खेलते हुए देखता है। कवि उसकी गेंद को उछलते हुए देखता है। वह उछलकर बंदरगाह के पानी में गिर गई। लड़के ने अपनी गेंद खो दी। वह बहुत उदास हो गया।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 5 The Ball Poem

Question 2.
What was the effect of the loss of ball on the boy?
(गेंद के खो जाने का लड़के पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ा?)
Answer:
The poet sees the boy whose ball has fallen into the harbour. He describes the effect of the loss on the boy. The boy is shaken with grief. He trembles and stares down the harbour. His past days come alive in his mind.
(कवि उस लड़के को देखता है जिसकी गेंद बंदरगाह में गिर गई है। वह लड़के के ऊपर खो जाने के प्रभाव का वर्णन करता है। लड़का दुख से व्याकुल है। वह काँप रहा है और बंदरगाह की ओर एकटक देख रहा है। भूतकाल की यादें उसके मन में ताजा हो उठती हैं।)

Question 3.
Why does the poet decide not to give money to the boy or he buy another ball for him?
(कवि लड़के को धन क्यों नहीं देने का निर्णय लेता है अथवा उसके लिए नई गेंद क्यों नहीं खरीदता?)
Answer:
The poet says that he will not intrude upon the boy because he must learn to tolerate loss. The poet emphasises this loss. He thinks that money cannot compensate the sense of loss. So he doesn’t give the boy money or buy another ball for him.
(कवि कहता है कि वह लड़के की अवस्था में दखल नहीं देगा क्योंकि उसे क्षति को सहन करना सीखना होगा। कवि इस क्षति पर जोर देता है। वह सोचता है कि धन खो जाने की भावना की क्षतिपूर्ति नहीं कर सकता। इसलिए वह लड़के को धन नहीं देता या उसके लिए नई गेंद नहीं खरीदता।)

Question 4.
Explain the line, “And no one buys a ball back. Money is external”.
(इस पंक्ति का अर्थ समझाइए, “और कोई भी व्यक्ति खोई हुई गेंद को फिर से वापिस नहीं खरीद सकता। धन तो केवल बाहरी वस्तु है।)
Answer:
This line means that no one can buy something that is lost forever. No one can buy the boy that very ball which he has lost. Money is an external thing. It is a medium of possessing things. But even money cannot compensate the sense of loss suffered by a person.
(इस पंक्ति का अर्थ है कि कोई भी व्यक्ति एक बार हमेशा के लिए खो गई चीज को दोबारा नहीं खरीद सकता। कोई भी उसी वाली गेंद को, जो खो गई है, लड़के के लिए दोबारा नहीं खरीद सकता। धन तो एक बाहरी वस्तु है। यह वस्तुओं का स्वामित्व रखने का साधन है। लेकिन धन भी खो जाने की भावना की क्षतिपूर्ति नहीं कर सकता जिससे कोई व्यक्ति पीड़ित होता है।)

Question 5.
Why does the poet say, “Balls will be lost always”?
(कवि क्यों कहता है, “गेंदें हमेशा खो जाती रहेंगी” ?)
Answer:
Here balls are the symbol of man’s possessions. We love our things. Some things are dearer to us than the others. But nothing is permanent in life. We may lose our dear things. Then we suffer from a sense of loss. This is experienced by everyone in life. That is why, the poet says, “Balls will be lost always”.
(यहाँ पर गेंदें मनुष्य की चीजों का प्रतीक हैं। हम अपनी चीजों से प्यार करते हैं। कुछ चीजें हमें दूसरी चीजों की तुलना में अधिक प्रिय होती हैं। लेकिन जीवन में कुछ भी स्थायी नहीं है। हम अपनी प्रिय चीजों को खो सकते हैं। तब हम खो जाने की भावना से पीड़ित होते हैं। इसका जीवन में प्रत्येक व्यक्ति के द्वारा अनुभव किया जाता है। यही कारण है कि कवि कहता है, “गेंदें हमेशा खो जाती रहेंगी।”)

Essay Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the brief summary of John Berryman’s poem “The Ball Poem’ in your own words.
(जान बेरीमन की कविता ‘The Ball Poem’ का संक्षिप्त सारांश अपने शब्दों में लिखें।)
Answer:
A boy loses a ball in the water. He is very upset. Though the ball does not cost too much but it gives a big shock to him. He keeps staring at the place where his ball has gone. The poet sees all this but he doesn’t interfere with the boy’s ruminations. The poet thinks that the loss of the ball will teach the boy a lesson of accepting loss with tolerance and pleasure. Everyone has to lose something or the other in this world still they are to survive and fulfil their obligations. This loss makes the boy learn that gains and loses are part and parcel of life. One should accept them as a common matter.

(एक लड़का पानी में अपनी गेंद खो देता है। वह बहुत व्यथित है। यद्यपि गेंद की कीमत अधिक नहीं है, लेकिन इसका लड़के को गहरा आघात लगता है। वह उस स्थान की ओर एकटक देखता रहता है जहाँ उसकी गेंद गई है। कवि यह सब कुछ देखता है लेकिन वह लड़के के चिंतन में विघ्न नहीं डालता। कवि सोचता है कि गेंद के खो जाने से लड़का क्षति को सहनशीलता और प्रसन्नता के साथ सहना सीख जाएगा। प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को इस संसार में अपनी एक या दूसरी चीज खोनी होती है और फिर भी उन्हें जिंदा रहना पड़ता है और अपने दायित्वों को पूरा करना पड़ता है। यह क्षति लड़के को सबक सिखाती है कि लाभ और हानियाँ जीवन के अभिन्न अंग हैं। व्यक्ति को इन्हें सामान्य वस्तु मानना चाहिए।)

Question 2.
What is the Central Idea of the poem ‘The Ball Poem”?
(‘The Ball Poem’ कविता का केन्द्रीय विषय क्या है?)
Answer:
The central idea of the poem is the sense of loss in life’. Loss is a fact of life. The sooner man learns to tolerate it, the better it is. When we lose something for the first time, we feel very sad. But later we learn to live with our loss. In this poem the boy loses his ball. He is very sad. The poet can buy him another ball. But he does not want to do so. He wants that the boy must learn the bitter truth of life that everyone can suffer the loss of something dear.

(‘जीवन में खो जाने की भावना’ कविता का केन्द्रीय विषय है। खो जाना जीवन की सच्चाई है। जितनी जल्दी मनुष्य इसे सहन करना सीख जाता है, उतना अधिक अच्छा होता है। जब हम पहली बार कोई चीज खोते हैं, तो हम बहुत उदास होते हैं। लेकिन बाद में हम अपनी क्षति के साथ जीना सीख जाते हैं। इस कविता में लड़का अपनी गेंद खो देता है। वह बहुत उदास है। कवि उसके लिए दूसरी गेंद खरीद सकता है। लेकिन वह ऐसा नहीं करना चाहता। वह चाहता है कि लड़का जीवन की इस कटु सच्चाई को सीख ले कि प्रत्येक व्यक्ति अपनी प्रिय चीज की क्षति को सहन कर सकता है।)

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Who loses his ball?
(A) the poet
(B) the boy
(C) both (A) and (B)
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(B) the boy

Question 2.
Where has the boy lost his ball?
(A) in the water
(B) in the school
(C) in the fire
(D) at home
Answer:
(A) in the water

Question 3.
How does the boy feel when he loses his ball?
(A) confused
(B) shaken
(C) trembling
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(D) all of the above

JAC Class 10 English Solutions First Flight Poem 5 The Ball Poem

Question 4.
What does the poet say about money?
(A) internal
(B) external
(C) useless
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(B) external

Question 5.
What does the poet say about this world is made of?
(A) possessions
(B) happiness
(C) joys
(D) troubles
Answer:
(A) possessions

Question 6.
The boy remembers his …………. … days.
(A) infancy
(B) young
(C) old
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(B) young

Question 7.
What could the poet buy for the boy?
(A) book
(B) bag
(C) ball
(D) toys
Answer:
(C) ball

Question 8.
How are the boy’s eyes?
(A) brilliant
(B) dull
(C) desperate
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(C) desperate

Question 9.
What meaning is the boy learning?
(A) meaning of loss
(B) meaning of life
(C) meaning of playing
(D) meaning of happiness
Answer:
(A) meaning of loss

Question 10.
Who is the poet of the poem ‘The Ball Poem’?
(A) Carolyn Wells
(B) John Berryman
(C) Leslie Norris
(D) Robin Klein
Answer:
(B) John Berryman

The Ball Poem Important for Comprehension Of Stanzas

Read the following stanzas and answer the questions that follow:

STANZA 1

What is the boy now, who has lost his ball,
What, what is he to do? I saw it go
Merrily bouncing, down the street, and then
Merrily over-there it is in the water!

Questions:
(a) What becomes peculiar of the boy who has lost his ball?
(b) What did the poet see?
(c) Where did the ball land finally?
(d) What has the boy lost?
(e) Name the poem and the poet.
Answer:
(a) The boy is confused as to what he is to do.
(b) The poet saw the ball bouncing towards the water.
(c) It landed finally in the water.
(d) The boy has lost his ball.
(e) Poem: The Ball Poem, Poet: John Berryman.

STANZA 2

No use to say ‘O there are other balls’
An ultimate shaking grief fixes the boy
As he stands rigid, trembling, staring down
All his young days into the harbour where
His ball went.

Questions:
(a) How do people generally comfort a boy who has lost his ball?
(b) What does he stare at?
(c) What comes to his mind when he looks at the ball?
(d) Why is the boy so sad?
(e) Where was the boy staring at?
Answer:
(a) People generally comfort him by saying, “There are other balls.”
(b) He stares at the ball which has fallen in the water.
(c) When he looks at the ball, all his young days come to his mind.
(d) He is grief-stricken at the loss of his ball.
(e) He was staring down the harbour where his ball had gone.

STANZA 3

I would not intrude on him;
A dime, another ball, is worthless. Now.
He senses first responsibility
In a world of possessions.

Questions:
(a) Who does the word ‘he’ refer to?
(b) Why is money or another ball worthless for the boy?
(c) How does the boy sense responsibility?
(d) What kind of a world is it?
(e) Name the poem and the poet.
Answer:
(a) The word ‘he’ refers to the boy whose ball has lost.
(b) Money or another ball is worthless for the boy because he has lost something dear to him. He is suffering from a sense of loss.
(c) He senses responsibility when his possessed ball is lost.
(d) It is a materialistic world.
(e) Poem : The Ball Poem, Poet: John Berryman.

STANZA 4

He senses first reponsibility
In a world of possessions.
People will take Balls, balls will be lost always, little boy,
And no one buys a ball back. Money is external.

Questions:
(a) Name the poem and the poet.
(b) Who senses first responsibility?
(c) What does the poet mean when he says, “World of Possessions”?
(d) What does the poet mean by “Money is external”?
(e) What does the poet mean by saying “Balls will be lost always”?
Answer:
(a) Poem: The Ball Poem, Poet: John Berryman
(b) The boy who lost the ball senses first responsibility.
(c) It means the world of materialistic things.
(d) It means that it always meant to be spent.
(e) The poet wants to say that the loss of dear things is a fact of life.

STANZA 5

He is learning, well behind his desperate eyes,
The epistemology of loss, how to stand up
Knowing what every man must one day know
And most know many days, how to stand up.

Questions:
(a) How are the boy’s eyes?
(b) Why are the boy’s eyes “desperate’?
(c) What is the boy learning?
(d) What is the boy going to know?
(e) Who is the poet of this poem?
Answer:
(a) The boy’s eyes are desperate.
(b) The boy’s eyes are desperate’ because he has lost his ball.
(c) The boy is learning the meaning of loss.
(d) He is going to know the universal truth that almost all men lose something and they have to compromise with their loss.
(e) John Berryman is the poet of this poem.

The Ball Poem Summary in English

The Ball Poem Introduction in English

In this poem John Berryman tells us about our reactions at some material loss. A boy loses a ball in the water. He is very upset at the loss of the ball. A ball does not cost much. It is not even difficult to buy a new ball. But the poet wants the child to understand that losing things is a common thing of life.

The Ball Poem Summary in English

A boy loses a ball in the water. He is very upset. Though the ball does not cost too much but it gives a big shock to him. He keeps staring at the place where his ball has gone. The poet sees all this but he doesn’t interfere with the boy’s ruminations. The poet thinks that the loss of the ball will teach the boy a lesson of accepting loss with tolerance and pleasure. Everyone has to lose something or the other in this world still they are to survive and fulfil their obligations. This loss makes the boy learn that gains and loses are part and parcel of life. One should accept them as a common matter.

The Ball Poem Summary in Hindi

The Ball Poem Introduction in Hindi

(इस कविता में कवि जॉन बेरीमैन किसी भौतिक वस्तु के खो जाने पर हमारी प्रतिक्रियाओं के बारे में बताता है। एक लड़का पानी में एक गेंद खो देता है। गेंद के खो जाने से वह बहुत दुखी होता है। एक गेंद की ज्यादा कीमत नहीं होती। एक नई गेंद खरीदना भी कोई अधिक कठिन काम नहीं होता। लेकिन कवि चाहता है कि बच्चा यह सीख जाए कि चीजों का खो जाना जीवन की एक सामान्य बात है।)

The Ball Poem Summary in Hindi

एक लड़का पानी में अपनी गेंद खो देता है। वह बहुत व्यथित है। यद्यपि गेंद की कीमत अधिक नहीं है, लेकिन इसका लड़के को गहरा आघात लगता है। वह उस स्थान की ओर एकटक देखता रहता है जहाँ उसकी गेंद गई है। कवि यह सब कुछ देखता है लेकिन वह लड़के के चिंतन में विघ्न नहीं डालता। कवि सोचता है कि गेंद के खो जाने से लड़का क्षति को सहनशीलता और प्रसन्नता के साथ सहना सीख जाएगा। प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को इस संसार में अपनी एक या दूसरी चीज खोनी होती है और फिर भी उन्हें जिंदा रहना पड़ता है और अपने दायित्वों को पूरा करना पड़ता है। यह क्षति लड़के को सबक सिखाती है कि लाभ और हानियाँ जीवन के अभिन्न अंग हैं। व्यक्ति को इन्हें सामान्य वस्तु मानना चाहिए।

The Ball Poem Translation in Hindi

STANZA 1

What is the boy now, who has lost his ball,
What, what is he to do? I saw it go
Merrily bouncing, down the street, and then
Merrily over-there it is in the water!

Word-meanings: Merrily = happily (खुशी से); bouncing = jumping (उछलना)।

(हिंदी अनुवाद-अब लड़के को क्या हो गया है जिसकी अपनी गेंद गुम हो गई है। अब उसे क्या करना है ? मैंने गेंद को खुशी से नीचे गली में उछलते हुए और तब खुशी से ऊपर उठते हुए देखा और वह वहाँ पानी में है!)

STANZA 2

No use to say ‘O there are other balls’
An ultimate shaking grief fixes the boy
As he stands rigid, trembling, staring down
All his young days into the harbour where His ball went

Word-meanings: Ultimate = final (अंतिम); grief = sorrow (दु:ख); rigid = hard (कठोर); trembling = shaking (काँपना); harbour = port (बंदरगाह)।

(हिन्दी अनुवाद-यह कहने से कोई फायदा नहीं है कि ‘और अन्य गेंदें भी हैं’: लड़के को एक अंतिम हिला देने वाला दुःख स्थिर कर देता है, जैसे कि वह स्थिरता से, काँपता हुआ खड़ा है और अपने बीते हुए दिनों के बारे में सोच रहा है और बंदरगाह में उस जगह पर घूर रहा है जहाँ उसकी गेंद चली गई है।)

STANZA 3

I,would not intrude on him;
A dime, another ball, is worthless.
Now He senses first responsibility
In a world of possessions.

Word-meanings: Intrude = interfere (दखल देना); dime = a coin (सिक्का); worthless = useless (बेकार); world of possessions = materialistic world (भौतिक संसार)।

(हिन्दी अनुवाद-मैं उसकी अवस्था में दखल नहीं दूँगा। उसके लिए पैसा या दूसरी गेंद बेकार है। अब वह भौतिक संसार में पहली जिम्मेदारी का अहसास करता है।)

STANZA 4

People will take
Balls, balls will be lost always, little boy.
And no one buys a ball back.
Money is external

Word-meaning: External = of the outside (बाहरी)।

(हिन्दी अनुबाद-कवि कहता है कि छोटे बच्चे लोग तो गेंदें लेंगे और गेंदें सदा गुम होती रहेंगी और कोई भी व्यक्ति खोई हुई गेंद को फिर से वापिस नहीं खरीद़ सकता। धन तो केवल एक बाहरी वस्तु है।)

STANZA 5

He is learning, well behind his desperate eyes,
The epistemology of loss, how to stand up
Knowing what every man must one day know
And most know many days, how to stand up.

Word-meanings: Desperate = hopeless (निराश); epistemology = science of knowledge (ज्ञान का विज्ञान)।

(हिन्दी अनुवाद-अपनी निराश आँखों के पीछे, वह नुकसान होने के अर्थ, अर्थात् इसकी हालत को देख रहा है। वह इस बात को सीख रहा है कि वह कैसे खड़ा रहे। यह जानकर कि एक दिन प्रत्येक व्यक्ति समझ जाएगा और बहुत-से तो आने वाले दिनों में जानेंगे कि इसे किस प्रकार सहयोग दिया जाए।)

JAC Class 10 English Solutions

JAC Class 10 English Application Writing

JAC Board Class 10th English Application Writing

JAC Class 10th English Application Writing Textbook Questions and Answers

Application Writing

1. You read the following notice in the column ‘Situation Vacant’ of The Times of India. Taking help from the hints given below, write an application for the post of an English teacher in Mount Cormel School, Gurugram.

Situation Vacant
Wanted an experienced; academically sound and competent English teacher for Mount Cormel School, Gurugram. Min 10 years experience, Salary 45,000 for the right and deserving candidate. Apply of the advertisement to: Director, Mount Cormel School, Gurugram , within 10 days of the advertisement.
Answer:
F-171, Sector-10
Gurugram
29th March 20xx
The Director
Mount Cormel School, Gurugram
Sub: Application for the post of English teacher
Sir
This is with reference to your advertisement published in the Times of India, dated 26th March 20xx for the post of English teacher, I offer my candidature for the same.

I am a young man of 35 years with teaching experience of 10 years in a school in my area. I hope that with my sound academic background, expertise and experience, I will prove to be an asset to your institution. Enclosed herewith is my bio-data for your perusal.
Thanking you.
Yours faithfully
Amit Parmar

Bio-Data

Name: Amit Parmar
Father’s Name: Rahul Parmar
Date of Birth: 20 August, 1985
Address for Correspondence: F-171, Sector-10, Gurugram, Haryana
Contact No: 9973xxxxxx
Academic Qualifications: Class Xth from CBSE Board with 73% in 1999
Class XII from CBSE Board with arts stream with 68% in 2001
Graduation in English Hons, in 2004 with 61% from D.U.
B.Ed from Kurukshetra University with 76% marks in 2006
Experience: 10 years as PGT in Modem Convent School, Gurugram
Languages Known: Hindi, English
References
A.K. Bansal, Administrator, Modem Convent School, Gurugram
D.X. Bisht, Vice Principal, Modem Convent School
Date: 4/3/20xx
Place: Gumgram (Haryana)

JAC Class 10 English Grammar Discursive Passages

2. You are Mahima Jain of 27, Vashist Park, Uttam Nagar, New Delhi. You have gone through an advertisement in the Hindustan Times, for the post of Receptionist-cum- offiee assistant in a multinational company. Apply for the job with complete bio-data.

Situation Vacant A
Wanted a young, dynamic well-mannered Receptionist-cum-office assistant for an MNC. Experience: Receptionist in a reputed company, salary: 30000+ for the deserving candidate. Apply within a week from the date of advertisement to: The ^Director, ABC Business Enterprises, New Delhi.
Answer:
27, Vashisht Park
Uttam Nagar, New Delhi
15th July 20xx
The Director
ABC Business Enterprises
Connaught Place, New Delhi
Sub: Application for the post of Receptionist-cum-ofFice assistant
Sir
This is with reference to the advertisement published in the Hindustan Times dated 1st July 20xx for the post of receptionist-cum-office assistant, I offer my candidature for the same. I am a young smart girl of 24 years with working experience of 1 year in a company. I hope that with my eligibility and experience, I will prove to be an asset to your organisation. Enclosed herewith is my bio-data for your perusal.
Thanking you.
Yours faithfully
Mahima Jain

Bio-Data

Name Mahima Jain
Father’s Name V.K. Jain
Date of Birth 20 January, 1985
Nationality Indian
Marital Status Unmarried
Address for correspondence No-27, Vashisht Park, Uttam Nagar, New Delhi
Contact No 9990xxxxxx
Academic Qualifications Class Xth from CBSE Board with 62% in 2013
Class XII from CBSE Board with arts stream with 61% in 2015
Graduation with Correspondence Course 58% in 2019.
Experience 1 year
Salary Expected 22,000/-
Other Qualifications Foundation Course of Computer
Languages Known Fluency in English Hindi, English
References
A.K. Bisht, Admin, ABC Business Enterprises
Date: 31/05/20xx
Place: New Delhi

Mahima Jain

JAC Class 10 English Solutions

JAC Class 10 English E-mail Writing

JAC Board Class 10th English E-mail Writing

JAC Class 10th English E-mail Writing Textbook Questions and Answers

E-Mail Writing

Electronic mail is a method of exchanging messages between people using electronic devices. Nowadays, it has become a popular means of mass communication. It is less costly but fast means of communication. It reaches at its destined place within a fraction of seconds. It is of two types: (i) Formal (ii) Informal.

Format of E-mail

To: Date :
CC :
Sub :
Dear Sir

Thanking you.
Yours sincerely
Sender’s name

JAC Class 10 English Grammar Discursive Passages

1. Write an e-mail to the Commissioner, Municipal Corporation, Delhi complaining him about the poor sewage system and muddy water in the area. It has caused health problem too.
Answer:

To : commissioner@delhi 10 Dec.20xx
Sub : Poor sewage system and muddy water in the area
Dear Sir

This is to bring to your notice that the residents of West Patel Nagar, Delhi are facing a lot of problems. The sewage system of the colony is really in poor condition. The water of latrine are flowing on the road and creating a lot of problems for the residents of area. It fouls and causes water-borne diseases. The water supply of the area is also not well. Muddy water comes in the water tanks of the residents. As a consequence, the entire colony is facing problem.

 

The situation, has become so worse that the diseases like cholera, typhoid, dengue, etc., are spreading like wildfire. Poor maintenance of the gutters and sewage system has really created havoc among the citizens. Although the residents have complained to the local authorities numerous times but they have not taken the matter into cognizance. So, I request you to look into the matter and take proper action in this regard.

Thanking you.

Yours sincerely

Raman Krishan (Secretary RWA)

JAC Class 10 English Grammar Discursive Passages

Question 2.
You are Rahul Krishna. Write an e-mail to the Director, CBSE complaining about home work given to children.
Answer:

To : [email protected] 10 Jan.20xx
Sub : Complaint about excessive homework given to children
Sir

It is really a matter of grave concern that children are allotted too much homework by the teachers. It has really become a burden for them. After all they are budding kids. And they should not be given overloaded work. If too much pressure is given to them they will consider studies as burden and not as a means of getting themselves educated. They are given monotonous type of homework. It does not sharpen their mind. So, they should be given time also so that they can play and grow well. They should also be given time to develop their personality. So, I request you to look into the matter and take effective steps to lower their burden of homework.

Thanking you.
Yours sincerely
Rahul Krishna

JAC Class 10 English Solutions

JAC Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundingss

JAC Board Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

JAC Class 9th Science Matter in Our Surroundings InText Questions and Answers

Page 3

Question 1.
Which of the following are matter? Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold – drink, smell of perfume.
Answer:
Chair, air, almonds and cold – drink.

Question 2.
Give reasons for the following observation: The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several metres away, but to get the smell from cold food you have to go close.
Answer:
Particles of matter are continuously moving. They possess kinetic energy. As the temperature rises, particles move faster. Thus, particles that carry smell of hot sizzling food move faster than the smell of the cold food. Therefore, the smell of hot sizzling food can reach us several metres away, but to get the smell from a cold food we have to go close.

JAC Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundingss

Question 3.
A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. Which property of matter does this observation show?
Answer:
This shows that the particles of matter have space between them. This space is maximum in gases and minimum in solids. Thus, one cannot cut through a solid easily but a diver is able to cut easily through water.

Question 4.
What are the characteristics of the particles of matter?
Answer:
The characteristics of the particles of matter are as follows:
(a) Particles of matter have intermolecular space.
(b) Particles of matter have intermolecular forces of attraction.
(c) Particles of matter are moving continuously.

Page 6

Question 1.
The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density = \(\frac{ mass}{volume}\) . Arrange the following in order of increasing density – air, exhaust from chimneys, honey, water, chalk, cotton and iron.
Answer:
Air, exhaust from chimneys, cotton, water, honey, chalk, and iron

Question 2.
(a) Tabulate the differences in the characteristics of states of matter,
(b) Comment upon the following: rigidity, compressibility, fluidity filling a gas container, shape, kinetic energy and density.
Answer:
(a) The differences in the characteristics of states of matter are

Characteristics Solid Liquid Gas
Shape Fixed shape No fixed shape No fixed shape
Volume Fixed volume Fixed volume No fixed volume
Rigidity fluidity Are rigid, cannot flow Can flow, not rigid Can flow, not rigid
Intermole – cular force Maximum Less than solids Least
Intermole – cular space Very less More than solids and less than gases Maximum
Compressible Negligible Compressible Highly compressible

(b) Rigidity: It is the property of matter to resist change in its shape, e.g. solids are rigid.

  • Compressibility: It is a property by which matter can be reduced to lower volume on application of force.
  • Fluidity: It is the property of matter to flow.
  • Filling a gas container: Gases completely fill the volume of the container in which they are kept, at any volume while solids and liquids do not.
  • Shape: It indicates definite boundaries.
  • Kinetic energy: It is the energy possessed by the particles of matter due their motion.
  • Density: It is mass per unit volume. Higher density means more mass is confined in a lesser volume.

Question 3.
Give reasons:
(a) A gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept.
(b) A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container.
(c) A wooden table should be called a solid.
(d) We can easily move our hand in air but to do the same through a solid block of wood we need a karate expert.
Answer:
(a) The molecules of gases are free to move. Gas molecules have the least amount of attraction between them.Thus, the molecules of gases completely fill the vessel in which they are kept.

(b) The molecules of gas are in continuous motion. They collide with each other and with the walls of container. These collisions of the gas molecules with the walls of the container exert pressure on the walls of the container.

(c) A wooden table has a definite shape and size. Also, it is a non-compressible rigid body. Thus, a wooden table has all the characteristics of a solid.

(d) The molecules of air have least amount of attraction between them. Thus, one can easily move one’s hand in air and push the molecules of air apart. However, the molecules of solid have maximum amount of attraction between them. A greater amount of force is required to move the molecules of a solid apart. Thus, a much greater force is required to move our hand through a solid block of wood.

JAC Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundingss

Question 4.
Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids. But you must have observed that ice floats on water. Find out why.
Answer:
Ice is a solid but its density is lower than water due to its structure. The molecules in ice make a cage like structure with lot of vacant spaces. This makes ice float on water.

Page 9

Question 1.
Convert the following temperature to Celsius scale: (a) 300 K (b) 573 K.
Answer:
Celsius scale = Kelvin scale – 273
(a) Celsius scale = 300 – 273 = 27°C
(b) Celsius scale = 573 – 273 = 300°C

Question 2.
What is the physical state of water at:
(a) 250°C
(b) 100°C?
Answer:
The physical state of water at:
(a) 250°C is gaseous
(b) 100°C might be gaseous or liquid. Steam and water coexist at 100°C.

Question 3.
For any substance, why does the temperature remain constant during the change of state?
Answer:
During the change of state, temperature remains constant because heat given to the matter is used up in changing the state of matter. This is called latent heat.

Question 4.
Suggest a method to liquefy atmospheric gases.
Answer:
Atmospheric gases liquefy at very low temperatures. It is not possible to attain such low temperatures. However, atmospheric gases can be liquefied by compressing them. When the atmospheric gases are compressed, the molecules of gases come closer to each other and as we keep on compressing the gases, the molecules keep coming closer and closer to each other. When the pressure on the atmospheric gases becomes large enough, the gases liquefy. Thus, atmospheric gases can be liquefied by compressing them.

Page 10

Question 1.
Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot dry day?
Answer:
On a hot dry day, there is high temperature and low humidity. Both these factors are responsible for increasing the rate of evaporation. This also means better cooling.

Question 2.
How does the water kept in an earthen pot (matka) become cool during summer?
Answer:
The earthen pot has lots of tiny pores in it. The water oozes out through these pores and gets evaporated at the surface of the pot, by absorbing heat from the water kept in it, thereby causing cooling effect.

Question 3.
Why does our palm feel cold when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on it?
Answer:
Acetone, petrol and perfume evaporate at low temperatures. When some acetone, petrol, or perfume is dropped on the palm, it takes heat from the palm and evaporates, thereby making the palm cooler.

Question 4.
Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than a cup?
Answer:
Hot tea or milk in a saucer has larger surface area than in a cup. The rate of evaporation is faster with increased surface area. The cooling of tea or milk in a saucer takes place sooner than in a cup. Hence, we are able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than a cup.

JAC Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundingss

Question 5.
What type of clothes should we wear in summer?
Answer:
During summer, we should wear cotton clothes because we perspire more to maintain the temperature of our body. Cotton is a good absorber of sweat. It allows the sweat to evaporate faster, thereby giving a cooling effect.

JAC Class 9th Science Matter in Our Surroundings Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Convert the following temperatures to the Celsius scale, (a) 293 K (b) 470 K
Answer:
Celsius scale = Kelvin scale – 273
a. Celsius scale = 293 – 273 = 20°C
b. Celsius scale = 470 – 273 = 197°C

Question 2.
Convert the following temperatures to the kelvin scale, (a) 25°C (b) 373°C.
Answer:
Kelvin scale = Celsius scale + 273
a. Kelvin scale = 25 + 273 = 298 K
b. Kelvin scale = 373 + 273 = 646 K

Question 3.
Give reason for the following observations.
(a) Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid.
(b) We can get the smell of perfume sitting several metres away.
Answer:
(a) Naphthalene balls show the property of sublimation. Evaporation of naphthalene takes place easily and so it disappears during the course of time without leaving any residue,

(b) Perfume contains volatile solvent, i.e., gaseous particles, which have high speed and large space between them and diffuse faster and can reach people sitting at a distance.

Question 4.
Arrange the following substances in increasing order of forces of attraction between the particles water, sugar, oxygen.
Answer:
Oxygen < Water < Sugar

Question 5.
What is the physical state of water at ……… (a) 25°C (b) 0°C (c) 100°C?
Answer:
(a) Liquid
(b) Solid or liquid
(c) Liquid or gas

Question 6.
Give two reasons to justify
(a) Water at room temperature is a liquid.
(b) An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature.
Answer:
(a) Water is liquid at room temperature because:

  1. At room temperature water has a definite volume, but it does not have a definite shape.
  2. At room teperature water can flow easily.

(b) Iron almirah is solid at room temperature because:

  1. At room temperature iron amirah has a definite volume as well as a definite shape.
  2. At room temperature, iron almirah is very rigid.

Question 7.
Why is ice at 273 K more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature?
Answer:
Ice at 273 K will absorb heat energy or latent heat from the medium to overcome the intermolecular forces to become water. Hence, it cools more effectively than water at the same temperature.

Question 8.
What produces more severe burns, boiling water or steam?
Answer:
Steam at 100°C will produce more severe bums as extra heat is hidden in the form of latent heat in steam, whereas the boiling water does not have this hidden heat.

Question 9.
Name the processes A, B, C, D, E and F in the following diagram showing change in state of matter. Increase heat and decrease pressure
JAC Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundingss 1
Answer:
A → Liquefaction/melting/fusion
B → Vaporisation/evaporation
C → Condensation
D → Solidification
E → Sublimation
F → Sublimation

JAC Class 9 Science Solutions

JAC Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 15 Improvement in Food Resources

JAC Board Class 9th Science Chapter 15 Notes Improvement in Food Resources

→ All living organisms essentially require food to stay alive.

→ Food provides energy to perform various life activities and is required for growth, development and body repair.

→ Sources of Food
a. Food from agriculture: Cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, nuts, oilseeds, condiments and spices.
b. Food from animal husbandry: Dairy products like milk, curd, butter, meat, egg, fish and other sea products.

→ Food Revolutions in India
With the increase in population, there is a need for a sufficient increase in food production, so as to meet the food related demands of the growing population. This led to the rise of the following food revolutions in India:
a. Green Revolution: Introduced to increase the food grain production.
b. White Revolution: Introduced to increase the production of milk.
c. Blue Revolution: Introduced to enhance fish production.
d. Yellow Revolution: Introduced to increase oil production.

→ Crop Season: Different crops require different climatic conditions like temperature, moisture and photoperiod, to grow well and complete their life cycle.
Two main crop seasons are:

  1. Kharif Season: Summer season from the month of June to October, i.e., during rainy season. Crops grown in this season require more water. Examples of Kharif season crops are paddy, soyabean, pigeon pea, maize, black gram, green gram and rice.
  2. Rabi Season: Winter season from the month of November to April. Crops grown in this season require less water. Examples of Rabi season crops are wheat, gram, peas, mustard and linseed.

→ Improvement in Crop Yield: Main approaches implemented to enhance the crop yield are as follows:
1. Crop Variety Improvement: This involves the introduction of improved varieties to obtain better food qualities. It is mainly done to achieve the following targets:
a. Higher yield of crops by adopting technologies like cross-breeding and hybridisation.
b. Improved quality of products.
c. Biotic resistance against diseases and insects.
d. Aboitic resistance against drought, salinity, heat, cold, etc.
e. Decreased duration to attain maturity as short duration crops require less costing and more rounds of crop can be grown in a season.
f. Wider adaptability so that the crops growing in different environmental conditions can have high production.
g. Desired agronomic traits like height, branching, leaves, etc., will result in an increased production.

2. Crop Production Improvement: It involves different practices carried out by the farmers to achieve higher standards of crop production.

→ Main practices involved here are stated below:
a. Nutrient Management: Like other organisms, plants also require some elements for their growth. These elements are called nutrients. There are sixteen nutrients which are essential for plants. These nutrients are supplied to the plants by air, water and soil.

These nutrients are divided into following two categories:

  • Macronutrients: The essential elements which are utilised by plants relatively in large quantities are called macronutrients.
  • Micronutrients: The essential elements which are used by plants in small quantities are called micronutrients.
Sources Nutrients
Air Carbon and oxygen (macronutrients)
Water Hydrogen and oxygen (macronutri­ents)
Soil 1. Macronutrients present in soil are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur.
2. Micronutrients present in the soil are iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, chlo­rine.

Manure: It is a kind of natural fertiliser formed from the decomposition of animal excreta and plant waste. It mainly contains organic matter and some nutrients in small amount. It helps in improving the soil structure by increasing the water holding capacity of the soil.

→ Types of manures: Based on the kind of biological waste material used, the manures are classified as:

  • Farmyard manure (FYM): It is the decomposed mixture of cattle excreta (dung) and urine along with litter and leftover organic matter such as roughage or fodder. The waste materials are collected daily from the cattle shed and stored in a pit for decomposition by the microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, etc.). FYM contains nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium.
  • Compost: It is a mixture of decomposed organic matter derived from garbage, sewage, vegetable waste, etc. The mixture is decomposed in pits and the process is known as composting.
  • Vermi-compost: The compost which is made by the decomposition of dead parts of plants and animals with the help of redworms is called vermi-compost.
  • Green manure: It is prepared by cultivating fast growing green manure crops like sunhemp, horse gram, guar, cow pea, etc., before sowing of seeds. The fast growing crops are then ploughed back into the soil. Green manure enriches the soil with nitrogen, phosphorus as well as organic matter and provides protection against erosion and leaching.

→ Fertilisers: Fertilisers are chemicals manufactured in factories and are highly rich in nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. They provide large amounts of nutrients and thus ensure better growth of plants. Excessive use of fertilisers for a long period of time can damage soil fertility,

b. Irrigation: The process of supplying water to the crop plants through human efforts by means of canals, wells, reservoirs, tube-wells, etc., is known as irrigation. Most agriculture in India is dependent on timely monsoons and sufficient rainfall spread through most of the growing season. However, the extra water required by crops is met through irrigation.

→ Sources of Irrigation: Some most commonly used sources of irrigation are as follows:

  • Wells: These are of two types:
    Dug wells: Where water is collected from water bearing strata through bullock-operated devices or by pumps. Tube wells: Where water is collected from underground through diesel or electricity run pumps.
  • Canal system: Water from the main river or reservoir is carried by canal into the field which is divided into branch canals having further distributaries to irrigate the fields.
  • River-lift system: In this system, water is directly drawn from the river for supplementing irrigation. It is used where occurs insufficient flows from canals.
  • Rainwater harvesting: Rainwater is collected and recycled into groundwater by digging canals.
  • Watershed management: Small check dams are built up in watershed areas to increase percolation of water into the ground and reduce the flow of rainwater to prevent soil erosion.

c. Cropping pattern: It includes different ways of growing crops so as to get the maximum benefit. These different ways include the following types:

  1. Mixed cropping: It refers to growing of two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land.
  2. Intercropping: It refers to growing of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field in a definite row pattern.
  3. Crop rotation: The growing of different crops on a piece of land in a pre-planned succession is known as crop rotation.

→ Animal Husbandry: It is the scientific management of animal livestock including feeding, breeding and disease control.

→ The food requirements of dairy animals are of two types:
a. Maintenance requirement, i.e., the food required to support the animals to live a healthy life.
b. Milk producing requirement, i.e., the type of food required during the lactation period.

→ Artificial insemination: It is the process in which semen is collected from the desired bull and is injected into the vagina of cows during the period of heat.

→ Poultry farming: Poultry includes duck, geese, turkeys, pigeons, etc. However, poultry farming is undertaken basically to raise fowl for egg production and chicken for meat.

→ Fish production: It includes finned fishes, i.e., true fishes and shell fishes such as prawns and molluscs.

→ In composite fish culture a combination of five or six species of fishes are put in culture system. These species of fish are such that they do not compete for food among themselves, i.e., have different food habits.

→ Honey has medicinal value specially in disorders related to digestion, dysentery, vomiting, and ailments of stomach and liver.

→ Apis mellifera, Italian bee, has now been domesticated in India to increase the yield of honey.

→ A colony of honeybees includes queen, drones and workers.

JAC Class 9 Science Notes

JAC Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of Life

JAC Board Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of Life

JAC Class 9th Science The Fundamental Unit of Life InText Questions and Answers

Page 59

Question 1.
Who discovered cells and how?
Answer:
Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665. He observed the cells in thin slices of cork. They appeared like small compartments when viewed under the microscope.

Question 2.
Why is the cell called structural and functional unit of life?
Answer:
A cell is capable of carrying out all the life functions such as nutrition, excretion, respiration, etc Hence, a cell is called the functional unit of life. Additionally, the cell is the smallest unit of life and all the living beings are made up of cells. Therefore, a cell is called the structural unit of life.

Page 61

Question 1.
How do substances like CO, and water move in and out of the cell? Discuss.
Answer:
Substances move in and out of the cell because of diffusion. Diffusion is the random movement of particles in order to attain concentration equilibrium. The movement of water molecules through a semi – permeable membrane is called osmosis. It is important to note that plasma membrane is a semi – permeable membrane. Water always moves from its higher concentration to its lower concentration.

JAC Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of Life

Question 2.
Why is the plasma membrane called a selectively permeable membrane?
Answer:
Plasma membrane allows passage to some selected substances. Hence, it is called a selectively permeable or semi- permeable membrane.

Page 63

Question 1.
Fill in the gaps in the following table illustrating difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell
(a) Size: generally small (1 – 10µm) (a) Size: generally large (5 – 100µm)
(b) Nuclear region …………….
…………………
…………………and known as ….
…………………
(b) Nuclear region: well – defined and surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
(c) Chromosome: single (c) More than one chromosome.
(d) Membrane bound cell organelles absent. (d) ……………
……………….
……………….

Answer:

  • Prokaryotic cell (b): Nuclear region is poorly defined due to absence of a nuclear membrane and is known as nucleoid.
  • Eukaryotic cell (d): Membrane bound cell organelles are present.

Page 65

Question 1.
Can you name the two organelles we have studied that contain their own genetic material?
Answer:
Mitochondria and chloroplast contain their own genetic material.

Question 2:
If the organisation of a cell is destroyed due to some physical or chemical influence, what will happen?
Answer:
Various parts of a cell are responsible for various functions. They work in tandem
to continue life in the cell. In case, the organisation of a cell is destroyed due to some physical or chemical influence, the cell will die.

Question 3.
Why are lysosomes known as suicide bags?
Answer:
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes. In case of a rupture in lysosomes, the enzymes are released in the cytoplasm and end up digesting the contents of the cell. This results in cell death. Due to this, lysosomes are also known as suicide bags of cells.

Question 4.
Where are proteins synthesised inside the cell?
Answer:
The proteins are synthesised in the ribosomes present on RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum). They are also known as protein factories.

JAC Class 9th Science The Fundamental Unit of Life Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Make a comparison and write the ways in which plant cells are different from animal cells.
Answer:

Plant cell Animal cell
(a) Plant cells have cell wall. (a) Animal cells don’t have a cell wall.
(b) They contain chloroplast. (b) They don’t have chloroplasts.
(c) They do not have centrioles. (c) Centriole is present in them.
(d) Vacuole is large and present in centre of the cell. (d) Vacuoles are numerous and small.
(e) Nucleus is present at the periphery of the plant cell. (e) Nucleus is present in the centre of the animal cell.

Question 2.
How is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?
Answer:

Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell
(a) Cell size is generally small (1 – 10µm). (a) Cell is , generally large (5 – 100µm).
(b) Nuclear region, called nucleoid, is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane. (b) Nuclear material is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
(c) Nucleolus is absent. (c) Nucleolus is present.
(d) Membrane bound cell organelles are absent. (d) Cell organelles bounded by membrane are present.
(e) Cell division by fission or budding (no mitosis). (e) Cell division by mitosis or meiosis.

Question 3.
What would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down?
Answer:
Plasma membrane provides a container for the cell organelles and cytoplasm. Moreover, plasma membrane also protects the contents of a cell from external environment. In case the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down, the cell contents would be exposed to the external environment. This would prove lethal for the cell and the cell would cease to exist.

Question 4.
What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus?
Answer:
If Golgi apparatus is not present, the packaging and transport of materials would cease to happen. Various substances would not be transformed into useful materials of the cell. Plasma membrane will also be affected The secretory activities of the cell would also cease to occur. Hence, the cell will eventually die off.

Question 5.
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Why?
Answer:
Mitochondrion is known as the powerhouse of the cell. The reason for this is the fact that cellular respiration takes place in mitochondria and the energy released after that, gets stored in mitochondria in the form of ATP. As ATP instantly provides energy, they are called energy currency of the cell.

Question 6.
Where do the lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane get synthesised?
Answer:
Lipids are synthesised in the endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER). Protein is synthesised in ribosomes which are usually present on the rough ER.

JAC Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of Life

Question 7.
How does Amoeba obtain its food?
Answer:
Amoeba obtains its food through a process called phagocytosis. The cell membrane of amoeba is projected into numerous finger – like outgrowths called pseudopodia Amoeba surrounds a food particle by pseudopodia and makes a food vacuole after engulfing the food.

Question 8.
What is osmosis?
Answer:
Osmosis is the process of movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration, through a semi – permeable membrane, to a region of lower water concentration.

Question 9.
Carry out the following osmosis experiment:
Take four peeled potato halves and scoop each one out to make potato cups, one of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now,
(a) Keep cup A empty.
(b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B.
(c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C.
(d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D.
Keep these for two hours. Then, observe the four potato cups and answer the following:
1. Explain why water gathers in the hollowed portion of B and C.
2. Why is potato A necessary for this experiment?
3. Explain why water does not gather in the hollowed out portions of A and D.
Answer:

  1. Water gathers in the hollowed portion of potato B and C because: Living plasma membrane of potato cells act as semi – permeable membrane. There is higher concentration of water in trough than the hollowed portions of B and C. So water, by the process of osmosis, moves into the hollowed portions of potato cups B and C.
  2. Potato cup A is kept empty to act as control set – up.
  3.  potato is necessary because
    • (a) As the potato cup A is empty, water does not gather in hollowed out portions of A.
    • (b) In the potato cup D, the potato cell membrane lose semi – permeability due to boiling. So, no water movement occurs from the trough into the potato cup D.

Question 10.
Which type of cell division is required for growth and repair of body and which type is involved in formation of gametes?
Answer:
Growth and repair of body – Mitosis. Formation of gametes – Meiosis.

JAC Class 9 Science Solutions

JAC Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 4 Structure of the Atom

JAC Board Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 4 Structure of the Atom

JAC Class 9th Science Structure of the Atom InText Questions and Answers

Page 47

Question 1.
What are canal rays?
Answer:
Canal rays are radiations which are positively charged. They were the key in the discovery of proton, another positively charged sub – atomic particle.

Question 2.
If an atom contains one electron and one proton, will it carry any charge or not?
Answer:
Since an electron is a negatively charged particle and the proton, a positively charged one, the net charge becomes neutral as both particles neutralise each

Page 48

Question 1.
On the basis of Thomson’s model of an atom, explain how the atom is neutral as a whole.
Answer:
According to Thomson’s model of an atom:

  1. an atom consists of a positively charged sphere in which the negatively charged electrons are embedded.
  2. the number of protons and electrons are equal in an atom, thereby, neutralising their charge keeping the overall system neutral.

Question 2.
On the basis of Rutherford’s model of an atom, which sub-atomic particle is present in the nucleus of an atom?
Answer:
As per Rutherford’s model of atom, the positively charged protons are the ones that are present in the nucleus of an atom.

JAC Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 4 Structure of the Atom

Question 3.
Draw a sketch of Bohr’s model of an atom with three shells.
Answer:
Bohr’s model of an atom with three shells:
JAC Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 4 Structure of the Atom 1

Question 4.
What do you think would be the observation if the α – particle scattering experiment is carried out using a foil of a metal other than gold?
Answer:
When any other metal foil is used instead of gold, the observation would remain the same. This is because the structure of an atom, when considered individually, remains the same.

Page 49

Question 1.
Name the three subatomic particles of an atom.
Answer:
An atom consists of three subatomic particles:

  1. Protons : Positively charged
  2. Electrons : Negatively charged
  3. Neutrons : Neutral in nature (no charge)

Question 2.
Helium atom has an atomic mass of 4u and two protons in its nucleus. How many neutrons does it have?
Answer:
Atomic mass of He = 4u
Atomic mass = number of (protons + neutrons)
4 = 2 + number of neutrons Number of neutrons = 4 – 2
= 2 Helium atom has 2 neutrons.

Page 50

Question 1.
Write the distribution of electrons in carbon and sodium atoms.
Answer:
1. Carbon atom:
Atomic number = 6
Number of protons = 6 = Number of electrons
Distribution of electrons = K – 2, L – 4.

2. Sodium atom:
Atomic number = 11
Number of protons = 11 = Number of electrons
Distribution = K – 2, L – 8, M – 1.

Question 2.
If K and L shells of an atom are full, then what would be the total number of electrons in the atom?
Answer:
Number of electrons K shell can hold = 2 Number of electrons L shell can hold = 8
Hence, when both the shells are full, the total number of electrons present = 2 + 8 ⇒ 10 electrons.

Page 52

Question 1.
How will you find the valency of chlorine, sulphur and magnesium?
Answer:
Valency is the combining capacity of the atom of an element.
1. Chlorine: Atomic number = 17
Number of protons = Number of electrons = 17
Distribution: K – 2, L – 8, M – 7 Chlorine needs 1 electron to complete its outermost orbit shell. Its valency is – 1 (gains 1 electron).

2. Sulphur: Atomic number = 16 Number of protons = Number of electrons = 16
Distribution: K – 2, L – 8, M – 6 Sulphur needs 2 electrons to complete its outermost shell. Its valency is – 2 (gains 2 electrons).

3. Magnesium: Atomic number = 12
Number of protons = Number of electrons = 12
Distribution: K – 2, L – 8, M – 2 Magnesium needs to donate 2 electrons from its outermost shell to become stable. Its valency is + 2 (donate 2 electrons).

Question 2.
If the number of electrons in an atom is 8 and number of protons is also 8, then
(a) what is the atomic number of the atom?
(b) what is the charge on the atom?
Answer:
Number of electrons = 8, Number of protons = 8
(a) Atomic number of the atom = Number of protons = 8

(b) As the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons on the atom, their charges neutralise each other. Therefore, the atom does not possess any charge.

JAC Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 4 Structure of the Atom

Question 3.
With the help of the table 4.1, find out the mass number of oxygen and sulphur atom.
Answer:

  1. Oxygen: Number of protons = 8 Number of neutrons = 8 Atomic number = 8
    Mass number = Number of (protons + neutrons) = 8 + 8 = 16u.
  2. Sulphur: Number of protons = 16 Number of neutrons = 16 Atomic number = 16
    Mass number = Number of (protons + neutrons) = 16 + 16 = 32u.

Page 53

Question 1.
For the symbols H, D and T, tabulate three subatomic particles found in each of them.
Answer:
The symbols H, D and T, tabulate three subatomic particles:

Element H (Protium) (11H) D (Deute – rium) (2H) T (Tritium) (31H)
Number of protons 1 1 1
Number of electrons 1 1 1
Number of neutrons Nill 1 2

Question 2.
Write the electronic configuration of any one pair of isotopes and isobars.
Answer:
(a) Isotopes : Isotopes are atoms which have the same number of protons but the number of neutrons differs. This leads to the variation in mass number too.
Example :
The simplest example is the carbon molecule which exists as \({ }_{6} \mathrm{C}^{12}\) and \({ }_{6} \mathrm{C}^{14}\) but when their electronic configuration is noticed, both have K – 2, L – 4.

(b) Isobars : Isobars are the atoms having the same mass number but differ in the atomic numbers. Electronic configuration of an isobar pair is as follows:
Example :
40Ca20: K – 2, L – 8, M – 8, N – 2
40Ar18 : K – 2, L – 8, M – 8

JAC Class 9th Science Atoms and Molecules Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Compare the properties of electrons, protons and neutrons.
Answer:
The properties of electrons, protons and neutrons:

Electrons Protons Neutrons
Negatively charged Positively charged No charge
Present outside the nucleus Present within the nucleus Present inside the nucleus of an atom
Negligible mass 1 a.m.u. 1 a.m.u.
Get attracted towards positive electrode Get attracted towards negative electrode Do not get attracted to any charged particle.

Question 2.
What are the limitations of J.J. Thomson’s model of an atom?
Answer:
According to J.J. Thomson’s model of an atom, the electrons are embedded all over in the positively charged sphere. But experiments done by the other scientists show that protons are present only in the centre of the atom and electrons are distributed around it.

Question 3.
What are the limitations of Rutherford’s model of atom?
Charged bodies, when move in circular motion, emit radiations. Thus, electrons revolving round the nucleus, as suggested by Rutherford, will lose energy and will come closer and closer to the nucleus and will finally merge into the nucleus. This means that atoms are quite unstable which is not true.

JAC Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 4 Structure of the Atom

Question 4.
Describe Bohr’s model of atom.
Answer:
(a) The nucleus of an atom is present in the centre.
(b) Negatively charged electrons revolve around this nucleus.
(c) Discrete orbits of electrons are present inside the atom.
(d) While revolving in the orbit, the electrons do not radiate energy.
(e) These discrete orbits are represented as K, L, M, N orbits or denoted by
JAC Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of Life 8

Question 5.
Compare all the proposed models of an atom given in this chapter.
Answer:

Thomson’s atomic model Rutherford’s atomic model Bohr’s atomic model
Sphere of positive charge Sphere of positive charge in centre is called nucleus. All mass of an atom resides in the nucleus. Positive charge in centre is called nucleus.
Electrons are spread randomly all over in the sphere. Electrons revolve around the nucleus in well defined orbits. Electrons revolve in discrete orbits and do not radiate energy.
Positive charge = negative charge. Size of nucleus is very small as compared to the size of atom. The orbits were termed as energy shells
Atom is electricity – neutral. Rutherford’s atomic model labelled as K, L, M, N or n = 1,2, 3, 4.

Question 6.
Summarise the rules for writing of distribution of electrons in various shells for the first 18 elements.
Answer:
(a) Generally, the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in a shell is given by the formula: 2n2, where n = 1, 2, 3 … .

(b) Maximum number of electrons in different shells are:
K shell (n = 1), 2n2 = 2(1)2 = 2
L shell (n = 2), 2n2 = 2(2)2 = 8
M shell (n = 3), 2n2 = 2(3)2 = 18
N shell (n = 4), 2n2 = 2(4)2 = 32.

(c) The electrons are not taken in unless the inner shells are completely filled.

Question 7
Define valency by taking examples of silicon and oxygen.
Answer:
Valency is the combining capacity of an atom. Take the examples of silicon and oxygen:

Oxygen Silicon
Atomic Number : 8 Atomic Number : 14
Electronic Config : K – 2, L – 6 Electronic Config : K – 2, L – 8, M – 4
Valence electrons : 6 Valence electrons : 4
Valency : 8 – 6 = 2 Valency : 8 – 4 = 4

In the atoms of oxygen, the valence electrons are 6.
To fill the orbit, 2 electrons are required In the atom of silicon, the valence electrons are 4.
To fill this orbit 4 electrons are required Hence, the  combining capacity of oxygen is 2 and of silicon is 4, i.e., valency of oxygen = 2 and valency of silicon = 4.

Question 8.
Explain with examples.
(a) Atomic number
(b) Mass number
(c) Isotopes
(d) Isobars
Give any two uses of isotopes.
Answer:
(a) Atomic number : The atomic number of an element is the total number of protons present in the atom of that element. For example, nitrogen has 7 protons in its atom. Thus, the atomic number of nitrogen is 7.

(b) Mass number : The mass number of an element is the. sum of the number of protons and neutrons present in the atom of that element. For example, the atom of boron has 5 protons and 6 neutrons. So, the mass number of boron is 5 + 6 =11.

(c) Isotopes : These are atoms of the same element having the same atomic number, but different mass numbers. For example, chlorine has two isotopes with atomic number 17 but mass numbers 35 and 37 represented by \({ }_{17}^{35} \mathrm{Cl}\) \({ }_{17}^{37} \mathrm{Cl}\).

(d) Isobars : These are atoms having the same mass number but different atomic number, i.e, isobars are atoms of different elements having the same mass number. For example,
Ca has atomic number 20 and Ar has atomic number 18 but both of them have mass number 40 represented by \({ }_{20}^{40} \mathrm{Ca}\) and \({ }_{18}^{40} \mathrm{Ar}\) respectively.

Two uses of isotopes:

  1. An isotope of uranium is used as a fuel in nuclear reactors.
  2. An isotope of cobalt is used in the treatment of cancer.

JAC Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 4 Structure of the Atom

Question 9.
Na+ has completely filled K and L shells. Explain.
Answer:
The atomic number of sodium is 11. So, neutral sodium atom has 11 electrons and its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 1. But Na+ has 10 electrons. Out of 10, K – shell contains 2 and L – shell has 8 electrons. Thus, Na+ has completely filled K and L shells.

Question 10.
If bromine atom is available in the 79 form of, say, two isotopes \({ }_{35}^{79} \mathrm{Br}\) (49.7%) and \({ }_{35}^{81} \mathrm{Br}\) (50.3%), calculate the average atomic mass of bromine atom.
Answer:
The atomic masses of two isotopic atoms are 79 (49.7%) and 81 (50.3%).
Thus, total mass = (79 × \(\frac{49.7}{100} \) ) + (81 × \(\frac{50.3}{100} \)) = 39.263 + 40.743 = 80.006u.

Question 11.
The average atomic mass of a sample of an element X is 16.2 u. What are the percentages of isotopes \({ }_{8}^{16} \mathrm{X}\) and \({ }_{8}^{18} \mathbf{X}\) in the sample?
Answer:
It is given that the average atomic mass of the sample of element X is 16.2 u. Let the % of isotope \({ }_{8}^{16} \mathrm{X}\) be y%. Thus, the % of isotopes \({ }_{8}^{18} \mathbf{X}\) will be (100 – y) %. Therefore,
16 × \(\frac{\mathrm{y}}{100}\) + \(\frac{18 \times(100-y)}{100}\) = 16.2
\(\frac{16 y}{100}\) + \(\frac{18(100-y)}{100}\) = 16.2
\(\frac{16 y+1800-18 y}{100}\) = 16.2
1800 – 2y = 1620 or 2y = 1800 – 1620 = y – 90
Therefore, the % of isotope \({ }_{8}^{16} \mathrm{X}\) is 90%.
And, the % of the isotope \({ }_{8}^{18} \mathbf{X}\) is (100 – 90) % = 10%.

Question 12.
If Z = 3, what would be the valency of the element? Also, name the element.
Answer:
Z = atomic number = 3 (given) Electronic configuration = K – 2, L – 1 Thus, valency = 1 The element with atomic number 3 is lithium.

Question 13.
The composition of the nuclei of two atomic species X and Y are given as under

X Y
Protons 6 6
Neutrons 6 8

Give the mass number of X and Y. What is the relation between the two species?
Answer:
Mass number of X = Protons + Neutrons = 6 + 6 = 12
Mass number of Y = Protons + Neutrons = 6 + 8 = 14
Since the atomic numbers of both the species are the same, they are the same element. Also, since they have different number of neutrons, their mass number is different and they are the isotopes.

Question 14.
For the following statements, write T for true and F for false.
(a) J. J. Thomson proposed that the nucleus of an atom contains only nucleons.
(b) A neutron is formed by an electron and a proton combining together. Therefore, it is neutral.
(c) The mass of an electron is about 1/2000 times that of proton.
(d) An isotope of iodine is used for making tincture iodine, which is used as a medicine.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) False
Put tick against correct choice and cross against wrong choice in questions 15, 16 and 17.

Question 15.
Rutherford’s alpha – particle scattering experiment was responsible for the discovery of:
(a) Atomic nucleus
(b) Proton
(c) Electron
(d) Neutron
Answer:
(a) Atomic nucleus.

Question 16.
Isotopes of an element have:
(a) the same physical properties
(b) different number of neutrons
(c) different number of protons
(d) different atomic number
Answer:
(b) different number of neutrons.

Question 17.
Number of valence electrons in Cl ion are:
(a) 16
(b) 8
(c) 17
(d) 18
Answer:
(b) 8.

Question 18:
Which one of the following is a correct electronic configuration of sodium?
(a) 2, 8
(b) 8, 2, 1
(c) 2, 1, 8
(d) 2, 8, 1
Answer:
(d) 2, 8, 1.

JAC Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 4 Structure of the Atom

Question 19.
Complete the following table.

Atomic number Mass number Number of neutrons
9 10
16 32
24
2
1 0
Number of protons Number of electrons Name of the atomic species
12 Sulphur
1

Answer:

Atomic number Mass number Number of neutrons
9 19 10
16 32 16
12 24 12
1 2 1
1 1 0
Number of protons Number of electrons Name of the atomic species
9 9 Fluorine
16 16 Sulphur
12 12 Magnesium
1 1 Hydrogen
1 0 Deuterium
1 1 Hydrogen
1 0 Protium

JAC Class 9 Science Solutions